Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Numbers 31 Introduction
The command of the Lord to make war on the Midianites, Numbers 31:1, Numbers 31:2. One thousand men are chosen out of each of the twelve tribes, and sent with Phinehas against the Midianites, Numbers 31:3-6. They slay all the males, Numbers 31:7; their five kings and Balaam, Numbers 31:8. They take all the women captives, with the flocks and goods, Numbers 31:9; burn their cities, and bring away the spoil, Numbers 31:10, Numbers 31:11. They bring the captives, etc., to Moses, who is wroth with the officers for sparing the women, who had formerly been the cause of their transgression and punishment, Numbers 31:12-16. He commands all the male children and all the grown up females to be slain, Numbers 31:17, Numbers 31:18. How the soldiers were to purify themselves, Numbers 31:19, Numbers 31:20; and the different articles taken in war, Numbers 31:21-24. They are commanded to take the sum of the prey, to divide it into two parts; one for the 12,000 warriors, and the other for the rest of the congregation, Numbers 31:25-27. One of 500, both of persons and cattle, of the share of the warriors, to be given to the Lord, Numbers 31:28, Numbers 31:29; and one part of fifty, of the people's share, to be given to the Levites, Numbers 31:30. The sum of the prey remaining after the above division; sheep 675,000, beeves 72,000, asses 61,000, young women 32,000, Numbers 31:31-35. How the soldiers' part was divided, Numbers 31:36-40. How the part belonging to the congregation was divided, Numbers 31:41-47. The officers report that they had not lost a man in this war, Numbers 31:48, Numbers 31:49. They bring a voluntary oblation to God, of gold and ornaments, Numbers 31:50, Numbers 31:51; the amount of which was 16,750 shekels, Numbers 31:52, Numbers 31:53. Moses and Eleazar bring the gold into the tabernacle for a memorial, Numbers 31:54.
INTRODUCTION TO Numbers 31
This chapter contains an order to make war upon Midian, which was accordingly done, Numbers 31:1, but Moses was wroth, because they saved the women alive, who, through the counsel of Balaam, had been the cause of sin, and of the plague for it in Israel, and therefore orders them, and the male children, to be slain, Numbers 31:13, and then directs to the purification of the soldiers, their captives and spoil, Numbers 31:19, and by the command of God an account is taken of the prey, and a division of it made between the soldiers and the congregation, and out of each part a tribute is levied for the Lord, Numbers 31:25 and the sum of the whole booty is given, Numbers 31:32 and of the part which belonged to the soldiers, and of the tribute given to the Lord, Numbers 31:36 and of the part which belonged to the children of Israel, Numbers 31:42 and besides the above tribute to the Lord, the officers made a voluntary oblation out of their spoil, both by way of gratitude for sparing their lives, and to make atonement for their souls, Numbers 31:48.
P.
The sacred war against Midian
The narrative in this chapter is of a peculiar character. It belongs to a late date in Hebrew Biblical literature, when the practice was becoming common of conveying religious instruction by means of narrative. One form of narrative uttered with a purely religious or moral purpose was the Parable, of which a few instances are found in the O.T., and many in the New. But another form, which was very common in post-Biblical literature, is known as the Midrash. ‘The Midrash may be defined as an imaginative development of a thought or theme suggested by Scripture, especially a didactic or homiletic exposition, or an edifying religious story’ (Driver). It is certain that such stories existed within the period of the O.T., for there are two references to them (2 Chronicles 13:22; 2 Chronicles 24:27 R.V. ‘commentary’). The Midrash referred to in these passages was probably a writing which emphasized the religious truths underlying the narratives of the kings by enlarging upon the narratives themselves in an imaginative manner. They were not intended to be, in any strict sense, historical, though they introduced historical personages and events. The present chapter has all the appearance of a Midrash. The writer wishes to convey three pieces of instruction which he felt to be important:—(1) the victorious success which should ideally attend a holy war, waged against an enemy who had enticed Israel into grievous sin (Numbers 31:1-18); (2) the purification necessary after contact with the dead (Numbers 31:19-24); (3) the right method of dividing the spoil (Numbers 31:25-54). In each case he develops a thought or theme suggested by Scripture:—(1) is based on Numbers 25:6-9; (2) on ch. 19; (3) probably on 1 Samuel 30:24 f. It is not unlikely that the story as a whole is based on a real historical tradition of a fight with Midian, but the numbers of the slain and of the spoil are alone enough to shew that in its present form it is imaginative and ideal.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Nu 31:1-54.
Nu 31:1-54.
THE MIDIANITES SPOILED AND BALAAM SLAIN.
1, 2. the Lord spake unto Moses, Avenge the children of Israel of the Midianites--a semi-nomad people, descended from Abraham and Keturah, occupying a tract of country east and southeast of Moab, which lay on the eastern coast of the Dead Sea. They seem to have been the principal instigators of the infamous scheme of seduction, planned to entrap the Israelites into the double crime of idolatry and licentiousness
[Nu 25:1-3, 17, 18]
by which, it was hoped, the Lord would withdraw from that people the benefit of His protection and favor. Moreover, the Midianites had rendered themselves particularly obnoxious by entering into a hostile league with the Amorites
(Jos 13:21).
The Moabites were at this time spared in consideration of Lot
(De 2:9)
and because the measure of their iniquities was not yet full. God spoke of avenging "the children of Israel"
[Nu 31:2];
Moses spoke of avenging the Lord
[Nu 31:3],
as dishonor had been done to God and an injury inflicted on His people. The interests were identical. God and His people have the same cause, the same friends, and the same assailants. This, in fact, was a religious war, undertaken by the express command of God against idolaters, who had seduced the Israelites to practise their abominations.
And the Lord spake unto Moses,.... After the plague upon Israel for their fornication and idolatry, into which they were drawn by the daughters of Moab and Midian, and after the sum of the people was taken in the plains of Moab, and various laws given or repeated, and a little before the death of Moses:
saying; as follows.
God commanded Moses, before he die, to avenge Israel of the Midianites, Numbers 31:1,2. he chooses twelve thousand men, and Phineas: the kings of Midian and Balaam slain, Numbers 31:3-8. Their women and cattle taken; and cities burnt: they bring the spoil to Moses and Eleazar, Numbers 31:9-12. Moses is wroth with the officers for saving the women alive; commands them to kill every male child, and woman that had known man; the rest saved alive; and to purify themselves and the captives. Numbers 31:13-21. A law for dividing the booty; executed; and the sum of the booty, Numbers 31:25-40. The tribute. offering of the Lord given to the priests and Levites, Numbers 31:41-47. The captains make an offering to the Lord; which is laid up in the tabernacle for a memorial, Numbers 31:48-54.
No text from Poole on this verse.
Verse 1. - The Lord spake unto Moses. The command to "vex the Midianites, and smite them," had been given before (Numbers 25:17), but how long before we cannot tell. Possibly the interval had been purposely allowed in order that the attack when it was made might be sudden and unexpected. From the fact that no resistance would seem to have been made to the Israelitish detachment, and that an enormous amount of plunder was secured, we may probably conclude that the Midianites had thought all danger past.
This chapter belongs to "the book of the wars of the Lord," in which it is probable it was inserted. It is the history of a holy war, a war with Midian. Here is, I. A divine command for the war, Nu 31:1,2. II. The undertaking of the war, Nu 31:3-6. III. The glorious success of it, Nu 31:7-12. IV. Their triumphant return from the war. 1. The respect Moses paid to the soldiers, Nu 31:13. 2. The rebuke he gave them for sparing the women, Nu 31:14-18. 3. The directions he gave them for the purifying of themselves and their effects, Nu 31:19-24. 4. The distribution of the spoil they had taken, one half to the soldiers, the other to the congregation, and a tribute to the Lord out of each, Nu 31:25-47. 5. The free-will offering of the officers, Nu 31:48-54, etc.