Kapitel-Kommentar
Deuteronomy Kapitel 11
2
Deuteronomy 11:2
繁體中文
Englisches Original
And know ... - Render it: And own ye this day (for I have not to do with your children which have not known and which have not seen) the chastisement of the Lord, his greatness, etc.
The "chastisement" consisted in the many mighty acts, both of punishment and mercy, through which God had guided them from Egypt to the borders of the promised land.
6
Deuteronomy 11:6
繁體中文
請看旁註。按字面是「在他們腳下的一切活物」。這說法並非指他們的財物，因為財物已包含在「家眷和帳棚」之內；它指的是他們的追隨者（Numbers 16:32）。
Englisches Original
See the margin. literally, "every living thing at their feet." The expression does not mean their goods, which would be included in their "households and tents," but their followers Numbers 16:32.
10
Deuteronomy 11:10
繁體中文
這裡再加上一個要求忠信的動機，即應許之地的豐饒完全倚靠神。這地本是「流奶與蜜之地」；但它的豐饒並不像埃及那樣是人技能與勞力的報償，反倒單單而且完全是神的恩賜，是祂所降「秋雨春雨」的功效。應許之地的這些以及許多其他類似特性的屬靈意義，不可忽略。
在本節與隨後幾節中，埃及與迦南是憑著它們若干最顯著的自然特徵來區分的。迦南是山國（參 Deuteronomy 3:25 註釋），水源充足，但那水是天上的雨水，其收成完全倚賴這雨；人工灌溉對消除這種倚賴無能為力。因此，只要神的百姓忠信、因而蒙福興盛，這地便是一塊「神的眼目」時常看顧之地；也就是說，祂必在每一個接續的季節供應有利於出產的條件（參 Deuteronomy 11:14-15）。而埃及，正如在別處一樣，在此恰是自然世界有別於恩典世界的恰當表徵：它的一切固然終極而言都源於那萬善的賜予者，但就直接與即刻而言，它的富足豐裕有賴於人的巧智與資本。埃及幾乎沒有像樣的雨水，其水源來自尼羅河每年的氾濫。這氾濫只持續約一百天，卻藉著一套精巧而昂貴的蓄水池、運河、揚水機等系統，得以供全年農業之用。Deuteronomy 11:10 所暗示的，正是這些機械裝置。埃及的居民大概以兩種方式「用腳」澆灌：一是用踏車帶動成組的水泵，二是用與蓄水池相連的人工水道，以腳開啟、改道或關閉。這兩種方法至今仍在埃及使用。
Englisches Original
Another motive for fidelity is added, namely, the entire dependence of the promised land upon God for its fertility. It was "a land flowing with milk and honey;" yet this its richness was not, as was that of Egypt, the reward of truman skill and labor, but was, on the contrary, the gift of God simply and entirely; the effect of "the former and the latter rains" sent by Him. The spiritual significance of these and many other such peculiarities of the promised land must not be overlooked.
Egypt and Canaan are distinguished in this and the following verses, by certain of their most remarkable physical traits. Canaan as a mountainous country (compare Deuteronomy 3:25 note) was well watered, but by the rains of heaven, on which it absolutely depended for its crops. Artificial irrigation could do nothing to remedy this dependence. Hence, it was a land on which, so long as God's people were faithful and consequently prosperous, "the eyes of God" would always be: i. e., He would supply at each successive season (compare Deuteronomy 11:14-15) the useful conditions of productiveness. But Egypt, fit emblem here as elsewhere of the world of nature in distinction from the world of grace, though of course deriving its all ultimately from the Giver of all good things, yet directly and immediately owed its riches and plenty to human ingenuity and capital. It enjoyed no rain worth speaking of, but drew its water supply from the annum overflowing of the Nile. This only lasts about a hundred days; but is rendered available for agricultural purposes throughout the year by an elaborate and costly system of tanks, canals, forcing machines, etc. To these mechanical appliances allusion is made in Deuteronomy 11:10. The inhabitants of Egypt probably watered "with the foot" in two ways, namely, by means of tread-wheels working sets of pumps, and by means of artificial channels connected with reservoirs, and opened, turned, or closed by the feet. Both methods are still in use in Egypt.
14
Deuteronomy 11:14
繁體中文
秋雨春雨——前一詞指秋雨的專名，約在撒種之際降下；它可稱為「先臨的」，因為落在希伯來民曆年的早期，即十月與十一月。另一詞指春雨，降於三月與四月，因它使地預備好收取莊稼而得名。在這兩個雨期之間、以及除此之外的時候，迦南幾乎完全無雨。
Englisches Original
The first rain and the latter rain - The former is the proper term for the autumn rain, falling about the time of sowing, and which may be named "the former," as occurring in the early part of the Hebrew civil year, namely, in October and November. The other word is applied to the spring rain, which falls in March and April, because it fits the earth for the ingathering of harvest. Between these two wet periods, and except them, there was little or no rain in Canaan.
21
Deuteronomy 11:21
繁體中文
其意是：「謹守聖約，這樣，天遮蓋地的日子有多長，你們和你們子孫的日子就必如此加增。」因此，賜給以色列的迦南應許乃是永遠的應許，但也是有條件的應許。
Englisches Original
The sense is: "Keep the covenant faithfully, and so shall your own and your children's days be multiplied as long as the heaven covers the earth." The promise of Canaan to Israel was thus a perpetual promise, but also a conditional one.
29
Deuteronomy 11:29
繁體中文
將福氣陳明在基利心山上——按字面是「你要賜下」，即把它「說出來」。關於那儀式，見申 27:14以下。
基利心山與以巴路山一樣荒瘠，它被選為祝福之山，大概是因為它是兩山中較南的一座；按希伯來人的觀念，南方是光的地區，因而也是生命與祝福的地區。兩山的位置在申 11:30有更準確的描述。「日落那邊的路」一語應作「西邊道路的彼側」；即貫穿巴勒斯坦中部、從敘利亞和大馬士革通往耶路撒冷和埃及的大路的另一邊。這路稱為「西邊的路」，以別於另一條從大馬士革下南方、經約但河東地區的大道。其後附加的「吉甲」和「摩利平原」（更恰當地是「摩利的橡樹」，比較創 12:6的註釋）等更具體的說明，是為更明確地界定所指的迦南人地段。
這吉甲也許位於吉吉利亞，即基利心以南約十二哩的一個大村。
Englisches Original
Thou shalt put the blessing upon mount Gerizim - literally, thou shalt give, i. e., "give" utterance to it. On the ceremony see Deuteronomy 27:14 ff.
Mount Gerizim, barren like Ebal, was probably selected as the hill of benediction because it was the southernmost of the two, the south being the region, according to Hebrew ideas, of light, and so of life and blessing. The situation of the mountains is described more accurately in Deuteronomy 11:30. The words "by the way where the sun goeth down," should run, beyond the road of the west; i. e., on the further side of the main track which ran from Syria and Damascus to Jerusalem and Egypt through the center of Palestine. This is called "the way of the west" in contrast to the ether main route from Damascus to the south which passed through the district east of Jordan. The further specifications "Gilgal" and "the plains (rather, the oaks, compare Genesis 12:6 note) of Moreh," are added to define more particularly the section of Canaanites intended.
This Gilgal is perhaps to be found in Jiljilia, a large village about twelve miles south of Gerizim.
你們今日當知道……——當譯作：「你們今日要承認（因為我並不是與你們那些不知道、也沒有見過的兒女說話）耶和華的管教、祂的偉大」等。
這「管教」由許多大能的作為構成，刑罰與憐憫兼有；神正是藉著這些，從埃及一路引導他們，直到應許之地的邊界。