Kapitel-Kommentar
Nahum Kapitel 2
1
Na 2:1-13.
繁體中文
Englisches Original
Na 2:1-13.
THE ADVANCE OF THE DESTROYING FORCES AGAINST NINEVEH, AFTER IT WAS USED AS GOD'S ROD FOR A TIME TO CHASTISE HIS PEOPLE: THE CAPTURE OF THAT LION'S DWELLING, ACCORDING TO THE SURE WORD OF JEHOVAH.
1. He that dasheth in pieces--God's "battle axe," wherewith He "breaks in pieces" His enemies.
Jer 51:20
applies the same Hebrew term to Nebuchadnezzar (compare
Pr 25:18; Jer 50:23,
"the hammer of the whole earth"). Here the Medo-Babylonian army under Cyaxares and Nabopolassar, that destroyed Nineveh, is prophetically meant.
before thy face--before Nineveh. Openly, so that the work of God may be manifest.
watch the way--by which the foe will attack, so as to be ready to meet him. Ironical advice; equivalent to a prophecy, Thou shalt have need to use all possible means of defense; but use what thou wilt, all will be in vain.
make thy loins strong--The loins are the seat of strength; to gird them up is to prepare all one's strength for conflict
(Job 40:7).
Also gird on thy sword
(2Sa 20:8; 2Ki 4:29).
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繁體中文
2. 因為耶和華使雅各的榮華復原——即尼尼微傾覆的時機已經成熟，因為雅各（猶大）與以色列（十支派）已受夠了管教。作管教之杖的亞述既已完成其工，便要被丟入火中。神若以雅各與以色列一切的「榮華」管教他們——那榮華即在神眼中比萬國更卓越的耶路撒冷與聖殿
（詩 47:4; 87:2； 結 24:21；
見
摩 6:8
的註解）——
何況對那與祂生疏、又拜偶像的尼尼微，豈不更要致命地刑罰嗎？毛勒（Maurer）譯作「恢復」或「將使雅各的榮華恢復」，則較不貼切。
搶奪的——亞述的劫掠者。
將他們搶劫一空——即劫掠了以色列人與猶大人
（何 10:1）。
關於用於以色列的「葡萄樹枝子」，可比較
詩 80:8-16。
Englisches Original
2. For the Lord hath turned away the excellency of Jacob--that is, the time for Nineveh's overthrow is ripe, because Jacob (Judah) and Israel (the ten tribes) have been sufficiently chastised. The Assyrian rod of chastisement, having done its work, is to be thrown into the fire. If God chastised Jacob and Israel with all their "excellency" (Jerusalem and the temple, which was their pre-eminent excellency above all nations in God's eyes,
Ps 47:4; 87:2; Eze 24:21;
see on
Am 6:8),
how much more will He punish fatally Nineveh, an alien to Him, and idolatrous? MAURER, not so well, translates, "restores," or "will restore the excellency of Jacob."
emptiers--the Assyrian spoilers.
have emptied them out--have spoiled the Israelites and Jews
(Ho 10:1).
Compare
Ps 80:8-16,
on "vine branches," as applied to Israel.
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繁體中文
3. 他的勇士——攻擊尼尼微的瑪代—巴比倫元帥的勇士。
都是紅色——古人將牛皮盾牌染紅，一部分是為了威嚇仇敵，主要是怕自己所受的傷流出血來被仇敵看見，反給對方壯膽〔加爾文（Calvin）〕。G. V. 史密斯（G. V. Smith）推測，這是指青銅或紅銅盾牌上反射的紅光，這類盾牌見於亞述的遺物之中。
穿朱紅衣服——或作深紅的軍裝（比較
太 27:28）。
色諾芬（Xenophon）提到瑪代人喜愛這種顏色。呂底亞人與推羅人從一種特殊的蟲子提取染料。
車輛……如火把——即戰車如火把一般，輪子以閃電般的急速旋轉，迸射光芒，並從所經的碎石中擊出火花（比較
賽 5:28）。
英文譯本假設希伯來文字母有換位。不如按希伯來文原樣翻譯：「戰車（將配備）閃著火光的鐮刀」（按字面作「以火」，或鐵製兵器的閃光）。鐵鐮刀以直角固定於車軸上，向下彎折，或與車軸平行，嵌於車輪的輞上。瑪代人可能有這樣的戰車，雖然亞述遺物中未見其蹤跡。因後者之故，譯作「戰車（帶著）鋼鐵兵器的閃光而來」〔毛勒（Maurer）與 G. V. 史密斯〕或許更佳。
他預備的日子——耶和華預備的日子
（賽 13:3）。
或作「瑪代—巴比倫統帥預備攻擊的日子」
（鴻 2:1）。
本節的「他」與「他的」可資佐證。
杉樹——他們的杉木槍矛。
可怖地揮動——被揮舞以產生威嚇。或作「因被揮舞而顫動」〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。
Englisches Original
3. his mighty men--the Medo-Babylonian general's mighty men attacking Nineveh.
made red--The ancients dyed their bull's-hide shields red, partly to strike terror into the enemy, chiefly lest the blood from wounds which they might receive should be perceived and give confidence to the foe [CALVIN]. G. V. SMITH conjectures that the reference is to the red reflection of the sun's rays from shields of bronze or copper, such as are found among the Assyrian remains.
in scarlet--or crimson military tunics (compare
Mt 27:28).
XENOPHON mentions that the Medes were fond of this color. The Lydians and Tyrians extracted the dye from a particular worm.
chariots . . . with flaming torches--that is, the chariots shall be like flaming torches, their wheels in lightning-like rapidity of rotation flashing light and striking sparks from the stones over which they pass (compare
Isa 5:28).
English Version supposes a transposition of the Hebrew letters. It is better to translate the Hebrew as it is, "the chariots (shall be furnished) with fire-flashing scythes" (literally, "with the fire," or glitter, of iron weapons). Iron scythes were fixed at right angles to the axles and turned down, or parallel to it, inserted into the felly of the wheel. The Medes, perhaps, had such chariots, though no traces of them are found in Assyrian remains. On account of the latter fact, it may be better to translate, "the chariots (shall come) with the glitter of steel weapons" [MAURER and G. V. SMITH].
in the day of his preparation--JEHOVAH'S
(Isa 13:3).
Or, "Medo-Babylonian commander's day of preparation for the attack"
(Na 2:1).
"He" confirms this, and "his" in this verse.
the fir trees--their fir-tree lances.
terribly shaken--branded so as to strike terror. Or, "shall be tremulous with being brandished" [MAURER].
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繁體中文
4. 狂奔——在狂急之中驅馳
（耶 46:9）。
彼此碰撞——往來奔跑〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。
在寬闊的路上——
（代下 32:6）。
尼尼微郊外寬敞的空地。
他們好像火把——按字面作「它們（希伯來文為陰性）的外貌（是）」：即寬闊的空地的外貌如同火把，因其中戰車甚多，在日光中閃耀
（箴 8:26，
邊註）。
如閃電般狂奔——以迅猛之勢奔馳
（太 24:27； 路 10:18）。
Englisches Original
4. rage--are driven in furious haste
(Jer 46:9).
justle one against another--run to and fro [MAURER].
in the broad ways--
(2Ch 32:6).
Large open spaces in the suburbs of Nineveh.
they shall seem like torches--literally, "their (feminine in Hebrew) appearance (is)": namely, the appearance of the broad places is like that of torches, through the numbers of chariots in them flashing in the sun
(Pr 8:26,
Margin).
run like the lightnings--with rapid violence
(Mt 24:27; Lu 10:18).
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繁體中文
5. 亞述人的防禦準備。
他——亞述王。
數點他的貴胄——
（鴻 3:18）。
檢閱，或在心中逐一盤算他的貴族，揀選最勇猛的，催促他們趕赴城牆抵禦攻擊。然而徒然；因為
他們行走時絆跌——「他們在前進時絆跌」，因恐懼與慌亂。
防御裝置已被預備——不如作：攻城者在向城牆推進時用以自護的掩蔽器械。如此從被圍者到攻城者的突然轉換並不少見（比較
結 4:2），
〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。或作：被圍的亞述人所使用〔加爾文（Calvin）〕。
Englisches Original
5. The Assyrian preparations for defense.
He--the Assyrian king.
shall recount his worthies--
(Na 3:18).
Review, or count over in his mind, his nobles, choosing out the bravest to hasten to the walls and repel the attack. But in vain; for
they shall stumble in their walk--"they shall stumble in their advance" through fear and hurry.
the defence shall be prepared--rather, the covering machine used by besiegers to protect themselves in advancing to the wall. Such sudden transitions, as here from the besieged to the besiegers, are frequent (compare
Eze 4:2),
[MAURER]. Or, used by the besieged Assyrians [CALVIN].
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繁體中文
6. 河閘……開放——底格里斯河畔的河濱城牆（尼尼微西面防線）長四千五百三十碼。北、南、東三面有大型壕溝，容易從霍斯魯河（Khosru）引水灌滿。調節水量的水壩（「閘門」，即水閘）痕跡至今尚可辨認，使全城可被水障圍繞
（鴻 2:8）。
此外，在最薄弱的東面，更有一道高大的雙重城牆加以保護，兩牆之間有一條在巖石地上開鑿、寬二百英尺的壕溝。尼尼微人在被圍之前為抵禦仇敵而引水灌滿的壕溝與運河，卻因仇敵將水改道而成為可進軍入城的乾涸河床：正如古列（Cyrus）圍攻巴比倫時所作的〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。關於瑪代人亞爾巴塞（Arbaces）與巴比倫人比勒西斯（Belesis）較早一次攻取尼尼微，狄奧多魯斯·西庫魯斯（Diodorus Siculus）〔1.2.80〕記載有一則古預言，說該城非待河水成為它的仇敵便不會被攻取；故此在圍困第三年，河水以洪水衝塌了二十浪的城牆，王便燒毀自己與宮殿以及所有嬪妃與財寶，仇敵便從城牆的缺口進入。此處所預言的第二次毀滅，其手段無疑也如第一次一樣，是火與水。
融化——因洪水氾濫〔亨德森（Henderson）〕。或作：宮中之人，即王與他的貴族，必因恐懼而消化〔格羅提烏斯（Grotius）〕。
Englisches Original
6. The gates of the rivers . . . opened--The river wall on the Tigris (the west defense of Nineveh) was 4,530 yards long. On the north, south, and east sides, there were large moats, capable of being easily filled with water from the Khosru. Traces of dams ("gates," or sluices) for regulating the supply are still visible, so that the whole city could be surrounded with a water barrier
(Na 2:8).
Besides, on the east, the weakest side, it was further protected by a lofty double rampart with a moat two hundred feet wide between its two parts, cut in the rocky ground. The moats or canals, flooded by the Ninevites before the siege to repel the foe, were made a dry bed to march into the city, by the foe turning the waters into a different channel: as Cyrus did in the siege of Babylon [MAURER]. In the earlier capture of Nineveh by Arbaces the Mede, and Belesis the Babylonian, DIODORUS SICULUS, [1.2.80], states that there was an old prophecy that it should not be taken till the river became its enemy; so in the third year of the siege, the river by a flood broke down the walls twenty furlongs, and the king thereupon burnt himself and his palace and all his concubines and wealth together, and the enemy entered by the breach in the wall. Fire and water were doubtless the means of the second destruction here foretold, as of the first.
dissolved--by the inundation [HENDERSON]. Or, those in the palace shall melt with fear, namely, the king and his nobles [GROTIUS].
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繁體中文
7. 胡撒卜（Huzzab）——尼尼微王后的名字，出自一個含站立於王側之意的希伯來文詞根
（詩 45:9），
〔瓦塔布盧斯（Vatablus）〕。不如作：被擬人化為王后的尼尼微。她就是長久以來在最極盛的繁華中站立的那位。加爾文（Calvin）亦如此。毛勒（Maurer）不以之為專有名詞，譯作「已經確定」或「已經決定」（比較
創 41:32）。
英文譯本更受平行法支持。
被遷去——希伯來文不如作「她被剝露」；即從東方女子所隱居的內室中被帶出來，剝去她華麗的衣飾。可比較
賽 47:2, 3，
那裏對一個被擄、被拆毀的城，也用同樣女人臉面與腿足被暴露的意象（比較
鴻 3:5），
〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。
被帶上去——她的百姓必被帶上巴比倫去。可比較「上去」一詞指離開某地的用法，見
耶 21:2。
她的宮女……如鴿子——尼尼微既被比作被廢黜受辱的王后，此處便在這意象中為她配置以鴿子般的哀鳴侍候她的宮女
（賽 38:14; 59:11。
這意象暗示無助與被壓抑、卻時而迸發的悲傷）。或指尼尼微的附屬小城與屬地，或指她被擄的婦女〔耶柔米（Jerome）〕。格羅提烏斯（Grotius）與毛勒（Maurer）將「帶她」譯作「哀鳴」或「嘆息」。
擊鼓——如擊打手鼓一般捶胸。
Englisches Original
7. Huzzab--the name of the queen of Nineveh, from a Hebrew root implying that she stood by the king
(Ps 45:9),
[VATABLUS]. Rather, Nineveh personified as a queen. She who had long stood in the most supreme prosperity. Similarly CALVIN. MAURER makes it not a proper name, and translates, "It is established," or "determined" (compare
Ge 41:32).
English Version is more supported by the parallelism.
led away captive--The Hebrew requires rather, "she is laid bare"; brought forth from the apartments where Eastern women remained secluded, and is stripped of her ornamental attire. Compare
Isa 47:2, 3,
where the same image of a woman with face and legs exposed is used of a city captive and dismantled (compare
Na 3:5),
[MAURER].
brought up--Her people shall be made to go up to Babylon. Compare the use of "go up" for moving from a place in
Jer 21:2.
her maids . . . as . . . doves--As Nineveh is compared to a queen dethroned and dishonored, so she has here assigned to her in the image handmaids attending her with dove-like plaints
(Isa 38:14; 59:11.
The image implies helplessness and grief suppressed, but at times breaking out). The minor cities and dependencies of Nineveh may be meant, or her captive women [JEROME]. GROTIUS and MAURER translate, for "lead her," "moan," or "sigh."
tabering--beating on their breasts as on a tambourine.
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繁體中文
8. 然而——不如作「雖然」〔G. V. 史密斯（G. V. Smith）〕。
自古——不如作「自她存在之日以來」；即從她存在的最早時期。暗指尼尼微的古老
（創 10:11）。
「雖然尼尼微自古以來便以環繞她的水為保障，她的居民卻必逃跑。」格羅提烏斯（Grotius）較不可能（比較
鴻 3:8-12），
將這「水」解為她眾多的人口
（賽 8:7； 耶 51:13； 啟 17:15）。
站住，站住，他們卻喊叫——即少數愛國的市民向逃跑的同胞喊叫*；「卻無人回頭觀看」，更無人止步逃跑，他們驚慌失措到這地步。
Englisches Original
8. But--rather, "Though" [G. V. SMITH].
of old--rather, "from the days that she hath been"; from the earliest period of her existence. Alluding to Nineveh's antiquity
(Ge 10:11).
"Though Nineveh has been of old defended by water surrounding her, yet her inhabitants shall flee away." GROTIUS, less probably (compare
Na 3:8-12),
interprets, the "waters" of her numerous population
(Isa 8:7; Jer 51:13; Re 17:15).
Stand, stand, shall they cry--that is, the few patriotic citizens shall cry to their fleeing countrymen; "but none looketh back," much less stops in flight, so panic-stricken are they.
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繁體中文
9. 銀……金——征服者被召來搶掠那城。尼尼微的財富，除了來自廣泛的貿易，也來自如此眾多屬國每年所納的貢物
（鴻 3:16； 結 27:23, 24）。
積蓄——藉掠奪屬國而積聚的。值得注意的是，尼尼微的廢墟中發現了細小而貴重的物件（金鑲嵌的青銅、寶石、印章、雪花石膏瓶），卻沒有一件金與銀製品。正如此處所預言的，這些都在宮殿被焚之前「被取作掠物」了。
從一切寶貴的器具中所得的榮耀——或作「有各樣貴重的器皿甚多」〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。
Englisches Original
9. silver . . . gold--The conquerors are summoned to plunder the city. Nineveh's riches arose from the annual tribute paid by so many subject states, as well as from its extensive merchandise
(Na 3:16; Eze 27:23, 24).
store--accumulated by the plunder of subject nations. It is remarkable, that while small articles of value (bronze inlaid with gold, gems, seals, and alabaster vases) are found in the ruins of Nineveh, there are is none of gold and silver. These, as here foretold, were "taken for spoil" before the palaces were set on fire.
glory out of all the pleasant furniture--or, "there is abundance of precious vessels of every kind" [MAURER].
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繁體中文
10. 按字面作「空虛、被倒空、荒涼」。名詞疊用而不用動詞（如
鴻 3:2），
三個詞中前兩個出自同一詞根，發音相近，且音節數目遞增，形成某種層遞，增強了這句表達陰沉的感染力。希伯來文為 Bukah, Mebukah, Mebullakah（比較
賽 24:1, 3, 4； 番 1:15）。
大家都面色變黑——（見
珥 2:6
的註解）。
加爾文（Calvin）譯作「收回（按字面作『收聚』）他們的紅光」，即面色發白。這譯法或許更佳。毛勒（Maurer）亦然。
Englisches Original
10. Literally, "emptiness, and emptiedness, and devastation." The accumulation of substantives without a verb (as in
Na 3:2),
the two first of the three being derivatives of the same root, and like in sound, and the number of syllables in them increasing in a kind of climax, intensify the gloomy effectiveness of the expression. Hebrew, Bukah, Mebukah, Mebullakah (compare
Isa 24:1, 3, 4; Zep 1:15).
faces of all gather blackness--(See on
Joe 2:6).
CALVIN translates, "withdraw (literally, 'gather up') their glow," or flush, that is, grow pale. This is probably the better rendering. So MAURER.
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繁體中文
11. 獅子的洞——尼尼微，是各族各等級貪婪破壞的戰士稱帝之所，他們以「獅子」、「少壯獅子」、「老獅子」（或作母獅〔毛勒（Maurer）〕）、「小獅子」為表徵。這意象格外貼切，因為亞述的陵墓中常有各種形態的獅子，有長翅膀的，有時且具人首。尼尼微正如獅穴滿了獵物殘骸一般，滿了從萬國擄來的掠物。「在哪裏」等的問話，暗示耶和華「必將那地方滅盡」，以致其原址也無可尋找
（鴻 1:8）。
這是表達驚訝的問話，因為在當時看來實在難以置信。
Englisches Original
11. dwelling of . . . lions--Nineveh, the seat of empire of the rapacious and destructive warriors of various ranks, typified by the "lions," "young lions," "old lion" (or lioness [MAURER]), "the lion's whelp." The image is peculiarly appropriate, as lions of every form, winged, and sometimes with the head of a man, are frequent in the Assyrian sepulchres. It was as full of spoils of all nations as a lion's den is of remains of its prey. The question, "Where," &c., implies that Jehovah "would make an utter end of the place," so that its very site could not be found
(Na 1:8).
It is a question expressing wonder, so incredible did it then seem.
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繁體中文
12. 掠物……撕碎的——不同種類的獵物。可比較
賽 3:1，
「糧食與水」。
Englisches Original
12. prey . . . ravin--different kinds of prey. Compare
Isa 3:1,
"the stay and the staff."
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繁體中文
13. 燒……在煙中——或作（使之成為）「化為煙」，即「徹底」〔毛勒（Maurer）〕，
（詩 37:20; 46:9）。
加爾文（Calvin）如英文譯本那樣解釋：火勢一著，火焰冒煙，僅憑煙我便要燒掉她的戰車。
從地上除掉你的掠物——你必不再從地上的萬國擄走掠物。
你使者的聲音……不再……聽見——你那些傳達王命、向屬國強索貢物的密使，他們的聲音必不再在你的各省之中被聽見。
Englisches Original
13. burn . . . in the smoke--or (so as to pass) "into smoke," that is, "entirely" [MAURER],
(Ps 37:20; 46:9).
CALVIN, like English Version, explains, As soon as the flame catches, and the fire smokes, by the mere smoke I will burn her chariots.
cut off thy prey from the earth--Thou shalt no more carry off prey from the nations of the earth.
the voice of thy messengers . . . no more . . . heard--No more shall thy emissaries be heard throughout thy provinces conveying thy king's commands, and exacting tribute of subject nations.
鴻 2:1-13.
尼尼微既曾作神責罰祂百姓的杖一時，如今毀滅之軍向尼尼微推進，以及照耶和華確定的言語，這獅子之穴的陷落。
1. 打碎的——神的「戰斧」，祂用以「打碎」仇敵的兵器。
耶 51:20
將同一個希伯來文詞用在尼布甲尼撒身上（比較
箴 25:18； 耶 50:23，
「全地的鐵錘」）。此處預言式地指那毀滅尼尼微、由西阿克薩雷斯（Cyaxares）與尼波波拉薩爾（Nabopolassar）率領的瑪代—巴比倫軍隊。
在你面前——即在尼尼微面前。公開地，使神的工作顯明出來。
守衛道路——謹守仇敵將要攻來的道，好迎戰他。這是譏誚的忠告；等於一個預言：你必須用盡一切防禦手段，但無論用甚麼，都必徒然。
束緊你的腰——腰是力量之所；束腰就是為爭戰而全力準備
（伯 40:7）。
也指佩上刀劍
（撒下 20:8； 王下 4:29）。