Kapitel-Kommentar
Nehemiah Kapitel 2
1
Ne 2:1-20.
简体中文
Englisches Original
Ne 2:1-20.
ARTAXERXES, UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSE OF NEHEMIAH'S SADNESS, SENDS HIM WITH LETTERS AND A COMMISSION TO BUILD AGAIN THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM.
1. it came to pass in the month Nisan--This was nearly four months after he had learned the desolate and ruinous state of Jerusalem
(Ne 1:1).
The reasons for so long a delay cannot be ascertained.
I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king--XENOPHON has particularly remarked about the polished and graceful manner in which the cupbearers of the Median, and consequently the Persian, monarchs performed their duty of presenting the wine to their royal master. Having washed the cup in the king's presence and poured into their left hand a little of the wine, which they drank in his presence, they then handed the cup to him, not grasped, but lightly held with the tips of their thumb and fingers. This description has received some curious illustrations from the monuments of Assyria and Persia, on which the cupbearers are frequently represented in the act of handing wine to the king.
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2-5. 王对我说：你为什么面带愁容呢？——带着任何丧服或忧愁的痕迹出现在王面前，都被视为极不合宜
（Es 4:2）；
因此王见其酒政神色沮丧而惊讶，自不足为奇；而这位侍臣自己也因这场突如其来之对话的结果深感忧虑，更加心绪不宁。然而这人的敬虔与恳切之心立刻使他恢复冷静，能先将愁苦之因由禀明
（Ne 2:3）， 继而表明他心中爱国的志愿——盼望能成为复兴父祖之城古时荣耀的尊贵器皿。
Englisches Original
2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?--It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow
(Es 4:2);
and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. But the piety and intense earnestness of the man immediately restored [Nehemiah] to calm self-possession and enabled him to communicate, first, the cause of his sadness
(Ne 2:3),
and next, the patriotic wish of his heart to be the honored instrument of reviving the ancient glory of the city of his fathers.
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6-9. 王后也在旁边——因波斯诸王不请王后出席国家的庆典，所以这必是一次私下的场合。这里所说的王后大概是以斯帖，她的在场必大大壮尼希米的胆量，使他能陈述自己的请求；借着她的势力——可推测其势力被有力地运用——她也因同情这爱国之举，他的请求蒙了允准，可以带着卫兵前往犹太地作副省长，并获全权获取耶路撒冷建城所需的材料，以及在推进其事业中取得一切必要的协助。
我定了归期——鉴于修筑城墙进展之速，最初这离任假期大概只限一年或半年，此后他便回到书珊复职。规定定期回归、又将重新加固耶路撒冷这样重要的工程托付给他，这两件事都证明尼希米在波斯朝廷所得的厚恩与信任，以及他的事奉备受器重。后来他又得新的任命，得以更好地整顿犹太事务，并留任该省省长共十二年
（Ne 5:14）。
Englisches Original
6-9. the queen also sitting by him--As the Persian monarchs did not admit their wives to be present at their state festivals, this must have been a private occasion. The queen referred to was probably Esther, whose presence would tend greatly to embolden Nehemiah in stating his request; and through her influence, powerfully exerted it may be supposed, also by her sympathy with the patriotic design, his petition was granted, to go as deputy governor of Judea, accompanied by a military guard, and invested with full powers to obtain materials for the building in Jerusalem, as well as to get all requisite aid in promoting his enterprise.
I set him a time--Considering the great despatch made in raising the walls, it is probable that this leave of absence was limited at first to a year or six months, after which he returned to his duties in Shushan. The circumstance of fixing a set time for his return, as well as entrusting so important a work as the refortification of Jerusalem to his care, proves the high favor and confidence Nehemiah enjoyed at the Persian court, and the great estimation in which his services were held. At a later period he received a new commission for the better settlement of the affairs of Judea and remained governor of that province for twelve years
(Ne 5:14).
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7. 赐我诏书，通知大河以西的诸王——波斯帝国此时版图辽阔，从印度河直到地中海。幼发拉底河被视为将其天然地分为东西两部分（见
Ezr 5:3 注释）。
Englisches Original
7. letters be given me to the governors beyond the river--The Persian empire at this time was of vast extent, reaching from the Indus to the Mediterranean. The Euphrates was considered as naturally dividing it into two parts, eastern and western (see on
Ezr 5:3).
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8. 因我神施恩的手帮助我——尼希米的敬虔在凡事上都显明。他那爱国大计的构想、王心向他所存的善意、以及这事工的成功，都归功于神。
Englisches Original
8. according to the good hand of my God upon me--The piety of Nehemiah appears in every circumstance. The conception of his patriotic design, the favorable disposition of the king, and the success of the undertaking are all ascribed to God.
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10. 参巴拉·何罗尼人——何罗念是摩押的一城，所以这人很可能是摩押人。
亚扪人的仆人多比雅——所用的称谓表明他本是获得释放的奴隶，被提升到某种官职。他们都是叙利亚省长治下的地方长官；他们似乎也是撒玛利亚派的首领。
Englisches Original
10. Sanballat the Horonite--Horonaim being a town in Moab, this person, it is probable, was a Moabite.
Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite--The term used indicates him to have been a freed slave, elevated to some official dignity. These were district magistrates under the government of the satrap of Syria; and they seem to have been leaders of the Samaritan faction.
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11-12. 我到了耶路撒冷，在那里住了三日——他因耶路撒冷的荒凉而深受触动，又不确定当如何行，便先住了三日，没有将使命的目的告诉任何人
[Ne 2:17, 18]。
第三日夜间，他带着少数随从，趁着夜色，秘密巡视了城墙和城门
[Ne 2:13-15]。
Englisches Original
11, 12. So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days--Deeply affected with the desolations of Jerusalem, and uncertain what course to follow, he remained three days before informing any one of the object of his mission
[Ne 2:17, 18].
At the end of the third day, accompanied with a few attendants, he made, under covert of night, a secret survey of the walls and gates
[Ne 2:13-15].
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13-15. 我夜间出了谷门——即雅法（Jaffa）门，靠近希坡库塔。
往龙泉前——即山谷对面的一处泉水。
到了粪厂门——城东的一门，有一条公共下水道经此通往汲沦溪和欣嫩子谷。
Englisches Original
13-15. I went out by night by the gate of the valley--that is, the Jaffa gate, near the tower of Hippicus.
even before the dragon well--that is, fountain on the opposite side of the valley.
and to the dung port--the gate on the east of the city, through which there ran a common sewer to the brook Kedron and the valley of Hinnom.
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14. 以后——即穿过以赛尼派之门以后。
我到了泉门——即西罗亚门，从那里转向俄斐勒泉。
到了王池：但所骑的牲口没有地方过去——即在这池（所罗门池）的旁边，池中有水，四周又堆满瓦砾，牲口无法通过。
Englisches Original
14. Then--that is, after having passed through the gate of the Essenes.
I went on to the gate of the fountain--that is, Siloah, from which turning round the fount of Ophel.
to the king's pool: but there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass--that is, by the sides of this pool (Solomon's) there being water in the pool, and too much rubbish about it to permit the passage of the beast.
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15. 于是我沿溪而上——即汲沦溪。
从谷门进去，这样回来——即通往城东约沙法谷的门。他从这门出去，绕城一周，又从这门进来 [BARCLAY, City of the Great King]。
Englisches Original
15. Then went I up . . . by the brook--that is, Kedron.
and entered by the gate of the valley, and so returned--the gate leading to the valley of Jehoshaphat, east of the city. He went out by this gate, and having made the circuit of the city, went in by it again [BARCLAY, City of the Great King].
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16-18. 官长都不知道——次日，尼希米招聚了长老，出示了他的诏书，并劝勉他们协助做工。他们既看见他的凭证，又听见他那激励人心的言辞，看见他的榜样，便精神大振，决意立即动工；尽管一些有权势的人百般讥诮嘲讽，他们仍然动手建造。
Englisches Original
16-18. the rulers knew not--The following day, having assembled the elders, Nehemiah produced his commission and exhorted them to assist in the work. The sight of his credentials, and the animating strain of his address and example, so revived their drooping spirits that they resolved immediately to commence the building, which they did, despite the bitter taunts and scoffing ridicule of some influential men.
Ne 2:1-20.
亚达薛西明白尼希米愁闷的缘由， 便赐下诏书并派他重建耶路撒冷的城墙。
1. 亚达薛西王二十年尼散月——这是他获悉耶路撒冷荒凉败坏的光景之后将近四个月
（Ne 1:1）。
耽延如此之久的原因已无从查考。
我奉酒给王——色诺芬曾特别提到玛代、因而也是波斯诸王的酒政，在向其君王奉酒时仪态何等优雅雍容。他们要在王面前净杯，将少许酒倒在自己左手中，当着王的面喝下，然后将杯递给王；递杯时并非握住杯身，而是以拇指与指尖轻轻托住。这一记述从亚述和波斯的纪念碑上得到若干奇妙的印证，其上常常刻画着酒政向王奉酒的情景。