Kapitel-Kommentar
Nehemiah Kapitel 2
1
Ne 2:1-20.
繁體中文
Englisches Original
Ne 2:1-20.
ARTAXERXES, UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSE OF NEHEMIAH'S SADNESS, SENDS HIM WITH LETTERS AND A COMMISSION TO BUILD AGAIN THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM.
1. it came to pass in the month Nisan--This was nearly four months after he had learned the desolate and ruinous state of Jerusalem
(Ne 1:1).
The reasons for so long a delay cannot be ascertained.
I took up the wine, and gave it unto the king--XENOPHON has particularly remarked about the polished and graceful manner in which the cupbearers of the Median, and consequently the Persian, monarchs performed their duty of presenting the wine to their royal master. Having washed the cup in the king's presence and poured into their left hand a little of the wine, which they drank in his presence, they then handed the cup to him, not grasped, but lightly held with the tips of their thumb and fingers. This description has received some curious illustrations from the monuments of Assyria and Persia, on which the cupbearers are frequently represented in the act of handing wine to the king.
2
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2-5. 王對我說：你為什麼面帶愁容呢？——帶著任何喪服或憂愁的痕跡出現在王面前，都被視為極不合宜
（Es 4:2）；
因此王見其酒政神色沮喪而驚訝，自不足為奇；而這位侍臣自己也因這場突如其來之對話的結果深感憂慮，更加心緒不寧。然而這人的敬虔與懇切之心立刻使他恢復冷靜，能先將愁苦之因由稟明
（Ne 2:3）， 繼而表明他心中愛國的志願——盼望能成為復興父祖之城古時榮耀的尊貴器皿。
Englisches Original
2-5. the king said unto me, Why is thy countenance sad?--It was deemed highly unbecoming to appear in the royal presence with any weeds or signs of sorrow
(Es 4:2);
and hence it was no wonder that the king was struck with the dejected air of his cupbearer, while that attendant, on his part, felt his agitation increased by his deep anxiety about the issue of the conversation so abruptly begun. But the piety and intense earnestness of the man immediately restored [Nehemiah] to calm self-possession and enabled him to communicate, first, the cause of his sadness
(Ne 2:3),
and next, the patriotic wish of his heart to be the honored instrument of reviving the ancient glory of the city of his fathers.
6
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6-9. 王后也在旁邊——因波斯諸王不請王后出席國家的慶典，所以這必是一次私下的場合。這裡所說的王后大概是以斯帖，她的在場必大大壯尼希米的膽量，使他能陳述自己的請求；藉著她的勢力——可推測其勢力被有力地運用——她也因同情這愛國之舉，他的請求蒙了允准，可以帶著衛兵前往猶太地作副省長，並獲全權獲取耶路撒冷建城所需的材料，以及在推進其事業中取得一切必要的協助。
我定了歸期——鑑於修築城牆進展之速，最初這離任假期大概只限一年或半年，此後他便回到書珊復職。規定定期回歸、又將重新加固耶路撒冷這樣重要的工程託付給他，這兩件事都證明尼希米在波斯朝廷所得的厚恩與信任，以及他的事奉備受器重。後來他又得新的任命，得以更好地整頓猶太事務，並留任該省省長共十二年
（Ne 5:14）。
Englisches Original
6-9. the queen also sitting by him--As the Persian monarchs did not admit their wives to be present at their state festivals, this must have been a private occasion. The queen referred to was probably Esther, whose presence would tend greatly to embolden Nehemiah in stating his request; and through her influence, powerfully exerted it may be supposed, also by her sympathy with the patriotic design, his petition was granted, to go as deputy governor of Judea, accompanied by a military guard, and invested with full powers to obtain materials for the building in Jerusalem, as well as to get all requisite aid in promoting his enterprise.
I set him a time--Considering the great despatch made in raising the walls, it is probable that this leave of absence was limited at first to a year or six months, after which he returned to his duties in Shushan. The circumstance of fixing a set time for his return, as well as entrusting so important a work as the refortification of Jerusalem to his care, proves the high favor and confidence Nehemiah enjoyed at the Persian court, and the great estimation in which his services were held. At a later period he received a new commission for the better settlement of the affairs of Judea and remained governor of that province for twelve years
(Ne 5:14).
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7. 賜我詔書，通知大河以西的諸王——波斯帝國此時版圖遼闊，從印度河直到地中海。幼發拉底河被視為將其天然地分為東西兩部分（見
Ezr 5:3 注釋）。
Englisches Original
7. letters be given me to the governors beyond the river--The Persian empire at this time was of vast extent, reaching from the Indus to the Mediterranean. The Euphrates was considered as naturally dividing it into two parts, eastern and western (see on
Ezr 5:3).
8
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8. 因我神施恩的手幫助我——尼希米的敬虔在凡事上都顯明。他那愛國大計的構想、王心向他所存的善意、以及這事工的成功，都歸功於神。
Englisches Original
8. according to the good hand of my God upon me--The piety of Nehemiah appears in every circumstance. The conception of his patriotic design, the favorable disposition of the king, and the success of the undertaking are all ascribed to God.
10
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10. 參巴拉·何羅尼人——何羅念是摩押的一城，所以這人很可能是摩押人。
亞捫人的僕人多比雅——所用的稱謂表明他本是獲得釋放的奴隸，被提升到某種官職。他們都是敘利亞省長治下的地方長官；他們似乎也是撒瑪利亞派的首領。
Englisches Original
10. Sanballat the Horonite--Horonaim being a town in Moab, this person, it is probable, was a Moabite.
Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite--The term used indicates him to have been a freed slave, elevated to some official dignity. These were district magistrates under the government of the satrap of Syria; and they seem to have been leaders of the Samaritan faction.
11
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11-12. 我到了耶路撒冷，在那裡住了三日——他因耶路撒冷的荒涼而深受觸動，又不確定當如何行，便先住了三日，沒有將使命的目的告訴任何人
[Ne 2:17, 18]。
第三日夜間，他帶著少數隨從，趁著夜色，秘密巡視了城牆和城門
[Ne 2:13-15]。
Englisches Original
11, 12. So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days--Deeply affected with the desolations of Jerusalem, and uncertain what course to follow, he remained three days before informing any one of the object of his mission
[Ne 2:17, 18].
At the end of the third day, accompanied with a few attendants, he made, under covert of night, a secret survey of the walls and gates
[Ne 2:13-15].
13
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13-15. 我夜間出了谷門——即雅法（Jaffa）門，靠近希坡庫塔。
往龍泉前——即山谷對面的一處泉水。
到了糞廠門——城東的一門，有一條公共下水道經此通往汲淪溪和欣嫩子谷。
Englisches Original
13-15. I went out by night by the gate of the valley--that is, the Jaffa gate, near the tower of Hippicus.
even before the dragon well--that is, fountain on the opposite side of the valley.
and to the dung port--the gate on the east of the city, through which there ran a common sewer to the brook Kedron and the valley of Hinnom.
14
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14. 以後——即穿過以賽尼派之門以後。
我到了泉門——即西羅亞門，從那裡轉向俄斐勒泉。
到了王池：但所騎的牲口沒有地方過去——即在這池（所羅門池）的旁邊，池中有水，四周又堆滿瓦礫，牲口無法通過。
Englisches Original
14. Then--that is, after having passed through the gate of the Essenes.
I went on to the gate of the fountain--that is, Siloah, from which turning round the fount of Ophel.
to the king's pool: but there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass--that is, by the sides of this pool (Solomon's) there being water in the pool, and too much rubbish about it to permit the passage of the beast.
15
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15. 於是我沿溪而上——即汲淪溪。
從谷門進去，這樣回來——即通往城東約沙法谷的門。他從這門出去，繞城一週，又從這門進來 [BARCLAY, City of the Great King]。
Englisches Original
15. Then went I up . . . by the brook--that is, Kedron.
and entered by the gate of the valley, and so returned--the gate leading to the valley of Jehoshaphat, east of the city. He went out by this gate, and having made the circuit of the city, went in by it again [BARCLAY, City of the Great King].
16
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16-18. 官長都不知道——次日，尼希米招聚了長老，出示了他的詔書，並勸勉他們協助做工。他們既看見他的憑證，又聽見他那激勵人心的言辭，看見他的榜樣，便精神大振，決意立即動工；儘管一些有權勢的人百般譏誚嘲諷，他們仍然動手建造。
Englisches Original
16-18. the rulers knew not--The following day, having assembled the elders, Nehemiah produced his commission and exhorted them to assist in the work. The sight of his credentials, and the animating strain of his address and example, so revived their drooping spirits that they resolved immediately to commence the building, which they did, despite the bitter taunts and scoffing ridicule of some influential men.
Ne 2:1-20.
亞達薛西明白尼希米愁悶的緣由， 便賜下詔書並派他重建耶路撒冷的城牆。
1. 亞達薛西王二十年尼散月——這是他獲悉耶路撒冷荒涼敗壞的光景之後將近四個月
（Ne 1:1）。
耽延如此之久的原因已無從查考。
我奉酒給王——色諾芬曾特別提到瑪代、因而也是波斯諸王的酒政，在向其君王奉酒時儀態何等優雅雍容。他們要在王面前淨杯，將少許酒倒在自己左手中，當著王的面喝下，然後將杯遞給王；遞杯時並非握住杯身，而是以拇指與指尖輕輕托住。這一記述從亞述和波斯的紀念碑上得到若干奇妙的印證，其上常常刻畫著酒政向王奉酒的情景。