Bible Commentaries

Isa 34:1-17.

JUDGMENT ON IDUMEA.

The thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth chapters form one prophecy, the former part of which denounces God's judgment against His people's enemies, of whom Edom is the representative; the second part, of the flourishing state of the Church consequent on those judgments. This forms the termination of the prophecies of the first part of Isaiah (the thirty-sixth through thirty-ninth chapters being historical) and is a kind of summary of what went before, setting forth the one main truth, Israel shall be delivered from all its foes, and happier times shall succeed under Messiah.

1. All creation is summoned to hear God's judgments

(Eze 6:3; De 32:1; Ps 50:4; Mic 6:1, 2),

for they set forth His glory, which is the end of creation

(Re 15:3; 4:11).

that come forth of it--answering to "all that is therein"; or Hebrew, "all whatever fills it," Margin.

2. utterly destroyed--rather, "doomed them to an utter curse" [HORSLEY].

delivered--rather, "appointed."

3. cast out--unburied

(Isa 14:19).

melted--washed away as with a descending torrent.

4.

(Ps 102:26; Joe 2:31; 3:15; Mt 24:29).

dissolved--

(2Pe 3:10-12).

Violent convulsions of nature are in Scripture made the images of great changes in the human world

(Isa 24:19-21),

and shall literally accompany them at the winding up of the present dispensation.

scroll--Books were in those days sheets of parchment rolled together

(Re 6:14).

fall down--The stars shall fall when the heavens in which they are fixed pass away.

fig tree--

(Re 6:13).

5. sword--

(Jer 46:10).

Or else, knife for sacrifice for God does not here appear as a warrior with His sword, but as one about to sacrifice victims doomed to slaughter [VITRINGA].

(Eze 39:17).

bathed--rather "intoxicated," namely, with anger (so

De 32:42).

"In heaven" implies the place where God's purpose of wrath is formed in antithesis to its "coming down" in the next clause.

Idumea--originally extending from the Dead Sea to the Red Sea; afterwards they obtained possession of the country east of Moab, of which Bozrah was capital. Petra or Selah, called Joktheel

(2Ki 14:7),

was capital of South Edom (see on

Isa 16:1).

David subjugated Edom

(2Sa 8:13, 14).

Under Jehoram they regained independence

(2Ch 21:8).

Under Amaziah they were again subdued, and Selah taken

(2Ki 14:7).

When Judah was captive in Babylon, Edom, in every way, insulted over her fallen mistress, killed many of those Jews whom the Chaldeans had left, and hence was held guilty of fratricide by God (Esau, their ancestor, having been brother to Jacob): this was the cause of the denunciations of the prophets against Edom

(Isa 63:1, &c.; Jer 49:7; Eze 25:12-14; 35:3-15; Joe 3:19; Am 1:11, 12; Ob 8, 10, 12-18; Mal 1:3,4).

Nebuchadnezzar humbled Idumea accordingly

(Jer 25:15-21).

of my curse--that is, doomed to it.

to judgment--that is, to execute it.

6. filled--glutted. The image of a sacrifice is continued.

blood . . . fat--the parts especially devoted to God in a sacrifice

(2Sa 1:22).

lambs . . . goats--sacrificial animals: the Idumeans, of all classes, doomed to slaughter, are meant

(Zep 1:7).

Bozrah--called Bostra by the Romans, &c., assigned in

Jer 48:24

to Moab, so that it seems to have been at one time in the dominion of Edom, and at another in that of Moab

(Isa 63:1; Jer 49:13, 20, 22);

it was strictly not in Edom, but the capital of Auranitis (the Houran). Edom seems to have extended its dominion so as to include it (compare

La 4:21).

7. unicorns--Hebrew, reem: conveying the idea of loftiness, power, and pre-eminence (see on

Job 39:9),

in the Bible. At one time the image in the term answers to a reality in nature; at another it symbolizes an abstraction. The rhinoceros was the original type. The Arab rim is two-horned: it was the oryx (the leucoryx, antelope, bold and pugnacious); but when accident or artifice deprived it of one horn, the notion of the unicorn arose. Here is meant the portion of the Edomites which was strong and warlike.

come down--rather, "fall down," slain [LOWTH].

with them--with the "lambs and goats," the less powerful Edomites

(Isa 34:6).

bullocks . . . bulls--the young and old Edomites: all classes.

dust--ground.

8. recompenses for the controversy of Zion--that is, the year when God will retaliate on those who have contended with Zion. Her controversy is His. Edom had thought to extend its borders by laying hold of its neighbor's lands and has instigated Babylon to cruelty towards fallen Judah

(Ps 137:7; Eze 36:5);

therefore Edom shall suffer the same herself

(La 4:21, 22).

The final winding up of the controversy between God and all enemies of Him and His people is also foreshadowed

(Isa 61:2; 63:4; 66:14-16; Mal 4:1, 3; 2Th 1:7, 8, 9; Re 11:18; 18:20; 19:2).