Chapter commentary
Exodus Chapter 19
1
Exodus 19:1
简体中文
English original
The wilderness ... the desert of Sinai - If the mount from which the law was delivered be the rock of Ras Safsafeh, then the spacious plain of Er Rahah would be the "desert" of Sinai (see Exodus 5:17).
3
Exodus 19:3
简体中文
「摩西到神那里」——这似乎暗示摩西是在上山途中听见那声音的。
「雅各家」——这一说法在摩西五经的其他地方并未出现。它在此处有特别的贴切之处，无疑是指向那赐给先祖的特别应许。
English original
Moses went up unto God - This seems to imply that the voice was heard by Moses as he was ascending the mount.
House of Jacob - This expression does not occur elsewhere in the Pentateuch. It has a special fitness here, referring doubtless to the special promises made to the Patriarch.
4
Exodus 19:4
简体中文
「如鹰将你们背在翅膀上」——无论在律法中（Deuteronomy 32:11）还是在福音书中（Matthew 23:37），教会都被比作母鸟所珍爱并保护在翅膀之下的雏鸟：但在律法中那母鸟是一只鹰，在福音书中则是"母鸡"；这便预示了两个圣约之下治理方式的不同：一种是权能，是神以大能的手和伸出来的膀臂将祂的百姓从埃及领出来、并引导他们进入应许之地时所彰显的；另一种是恩典，是基督以谦卑降临、取了奴仆的形像、存心顺服以至于死、且死在十字架上之时所显明的。另参 Revelation 12:14。
English original
On eagles' wings - Both in the law Deuteronomy 32:11 and in the Gospel Matthew 23:37, the Church is compared to fledgelings which the mother cherishes and protects under her wings: but in the law that mother is an eagle, in the Gospels "a hen"; thus shadowing forth the diversity of administration under each covenant: the one of power, which God manifested when He brought His people out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, and led them into the promised land; the other of grace, when Christ came in humility and took the form of a servant and became obedient unto death, even the death of the Cross. Compare also Revelation 12:14.
5
Exodus 19:5
简体中文
「特有的产业」——即一种费心获得、并谨慎守护的宝贵产业。以色列从外邦世界中蒙拣选出来、归神为圣——作祂的奴仆、子民与儿女——这一特殊关系，决定了他们的特权，也是他们义务的根基。这同一原则，甚至以更强的意义适用于教会。参 Acts 20:28；1 Corinthians 6:20；1 Peter 2:9。
「全地都是我的」——向犹太人灌输他们的神绝非仅仅一国之神这一点，具有极大的实际重要性。参 Deuteronomy 10:14；Psalm 24:1。
English original
A peculiar treasure - A costly possession acquired with exertion, and carefully guarded. The special relation in which Israel stands, taken out of the pagan world and consecrated to God, as His slaves, subjects, and children, determines their privileges, and is the foundation of their duties. The same principle applies even in a stronger sense to the Church. See Acts 20:28; 1 Corinthians 6:20; 1 Peter 2:9.
All the earth is mine - It was a point of great practical importance, to impress upon the Jews that their God was no mere national Deity. Compare Deuteronomy 10:14; Psalm 24:1.
6
Exodus 19:6
简体中文
「祭司的国度」——以色列作为一个整体，是王族的、祭司的族类：一个祭司的王朝，每一个真正的成员都将君王与祭司的属性集于一身。参 1 Peter 2:5；Revelation 1:6。
「圣洁的国民」——以色列的圣洁在于它特别地归神为圣：它是一个圣洁的国度，因被收纳、因圣约、并因有分于一切恩典的途径而成为圣。参 Deuteronomy 7:6；Deuteronomy 26:19；Deuteronomy 28:9；1 Corinthians 3:17；1 Thessalonians 5:27。
English original
A kingdom of priests - Israel collectively is a royal and priestly race: a dynasty of priests, each true member uniting in himself the attributes of a king and priest. Compare 1 Peter 2:5; Revelation 1:6.
An holy nation - The holiness of Israel consisted in its special consecration to God: it was a sacred nation, sacred by adoption, by covenant, and by participation in all means of grace. Compare Deuteronomy 7:6; Deuteronomy 26:19; Deuteronomy 28:9; 1 Corinthians 3:17; 1 Thessalonians 5:27.
8
Exodus 19:8
简体中文
「凡耶和华所……」——百姓藉此回答接受了圣约。这是他们得以完全进入祭司国度这一身份的先决条件。
English original
All that the Lord ... - By this answer the people accepted the covenant. It was the preliminary condition of their complete admission into the state of a royal priesthood.
10
Exodus 19:10
简体中文
「叫他们自洁」——这一命令包含身体的洁净，无疑也包括属灵的预备。参 Hebrews 10:22。洗衣服是万国都明白的一种外在象征。
English original
Sanctify them - The injunction involves bodily purification and undoubtedly also spiritual preparation. Compare Hebrews 10:22. The washing of the clothes was an outward symbol well understood in all nations.
12
Exodus 19:12
简体中文
「给百姓定界限」——拉斯萨夫萨费（Ras Safsafeh）崖壁脚下那一线低矮的冲积土丘，恰好对应于为防止百姓触摸那山而设的界限；但这里所说的界限，是要由摩西来设立的。
English original
Set bounds unto the people - The low line of alluvial mounds at the foot of the cliff of Ras Safsafeh exactly answers to the bounds which were to keep the people off from touching the mount: but the bounds here spoken of were to be set up by Moses.
13
Exodus 19:13
简体中文
「摸它」——更确切地说是"摸他"。凡摸了那山的人，不可再被人触碰，因为那接触会成为玷污。
English original
Touch it - Rather "touch him." The person who had touched the mount was not to be touched, since the contact would be pollution.
17
Exodus 19:17
简体中文
「出营」——营盘必定在山前的平原上延伸得又广又远。从平原的一端入口到另一端，有足以容纳以色列全众的空间。
English original
Out of the camp - The encampment must have extended far and wide over the plain in front of the mountain. From one entrance of the plain to the other there is space for the whole host of the Israelites.
18
Exodus 19:18
简体中文
「窑」——原文的这个词源于埃及语，且仅出现于摩西五经之中。
English original
A furnace - The word in the original is Egyptian, and occurs only in the Pentateuch.
22
Exodus 19:22
简体中文
「祭司们也……」——直到那时，献祭一向由长子或家族的首领进行。见 Genesis 14:18 注释。
English original
The priests also - Sacrifices had hitherto been offered by firstborn, or the heads of families. See Genesis 14:18 note.
「……西奈的旷野……」——如果颁赐律法的那座山是 Ras Safsafeh 岩石，那么辽阔的 Er Rahah 平原便是西奈的"旷野"（见 Exodus 5:17）。