Chapter commentary
Isaiah Chapter 15
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Isa 15:1-9.
简体中文
English original
Isa 15:1-9.
THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CHAPTERS FORM ONE PROPHECY ON MOAB.
LOWTH thinks it was delivered in the first years of Hezekiah's reign and fulfilled in the fourth when Shalmaneser, on his way to invade Israel, may have seized on the strongholds of Moab. Moab probably had made common cause with Israel and Syria in a league against Assyria. Hence it incurred the vengeance of Assyria. Jeremiah has introduced much of this prophecy into his
forty-eighth chapter.
1. Because--rather, "Surely"; literally, "(I affirm) that" [MAURER].
night--the time best suited for a hostile incursion
(Isa 21:4; Jer 39:4).
Ar--meaning in Hebrew, "the city"; the metropolis of Moab, on the south of the river Arnon.
Kir--literally, "a citadel"; not far from Ar, towards the south.
He--Moab personified.
Bajith--rather, "to the temple" [MAURER]; answering to the "sanctuary"
(Isa 16:12),
in a similar context.
to Dibon--Rather, as Dibon was in a plain north of the Arnon, "Dibon (is gone up) to the high places," the usual places of sacrifice in the East. Same town as Dimon
(Isa 15:9).
to weep--at the sudden calamity.
over Nebo--rather "in Nebo"; not "on account of" Nebo (compare
Isa 15:3)
[MAURER]. The town Nebo was adjacent to the mountain, not far from the northern shore of the Dead Sea. There it was that Chemosh, the idol of Moab, was worshipped (compare
De 34:1).
Medeba--south of Heshbon, on a hill east of Jordan.
baldness . . . beard cut off--The Orientals regarded the beard with peculiar veneration. To cut one's beard off is the greatest mark of sorrow and mortification (compare
Jer 48:37).
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简体中文
3. 房顶上——东方房屋的房顶是平的，是祷告等活动的聚集之处
（徒 10:9）。
痛痛哭泣——即"在泪水中消融"。HORSLEY取"下来哭泣"之意。如此便形成"交替结构的平行"[LOWTH]，即交叉对偶（chiasmus）："哀号"对应"房顶"，"下来哭泣"对应"街市"或广场——他们正是从房顶下到那里去哭泣。
English original
3. tops of . . . houses--flat; places of resort for prayer, &c., in the East
(Ac 10:9).
weeping abundantly--"melting away in tears." HORSLEY prefers "descending to weep." Thus there is a "parallelism by alternate construction" [LOWTH], or chiasmus; "howl" refers to "tops of houses." "Descending to weep" to "streets" or squares, whither they descend from the housetops.
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简体中文
4. 希实本——亚摩利人的城，在约旦河东二十英里；以色列被掳后为摩押所得（参
耶 48:1-47）。
以利亚利——靠近希实本，在流便境内。
雅杂——约旦河东，在流便境内。摩西在此附近击败西宏。
所以——因他们的城忽然倾覆。连兵丁也不为保卫国土而战，反要加入众人的哀号。
性命云云——更确切为"他的灵魂忧伤"
（撒上 1:8）
[MAURER]。
English original
4. Heshbon--an Amorite city, twenty miles east of Jordan; taken by Moab after the carrying away of Israel (compare
Jer 48:1-47).
Elealeh--near Heshbon, in Reuben.
Jahaz--east of Jordan, in Reuben. Near it Moses defeated Sihon.
therefore--because of the sudden overthrow of their cities. Even the armed men, instead of fighting in defense of their land, shall join in the general cry.
life, &c.--rather, "his soul is grieved"
(1Sa 1:8)
[MAURER].
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简体中文
5. 我——先知自己为摩押动了怜悯之心。传道人在宣告神对罪人的烈怒时，当以柔和的忧愁行之，不可幸灾乐祸。
逃亡者——从摩押逃出的人，远逃至死海极南边界的琐珥。HORSLEY译作"她的贵族"或"统治者"
（何 4:18）。
牛犊云云——即"如同牛犊"一般扬起声音（参
耶 48:34, 36）。
"三岁"一词暗示正当壮盛之年
（创 15:9），
尚未负轭；正如摩押迄今未被征服，如今却即将被折断。参
耶 31:18； 何 4:13。
MAURER译作："伊基拉（英文译本作'一只牛犊'）·谢利实雅（即第三，以别于另外两个同名之地）"。
- 上坡*——即登坡之处。
路希——摩押的一座山。
何罗念——摩押的一座城，离琐珥不远
（耶 48:5）。
其意为"两极"，因临近洞穴。
毁灭的呼声——与临到他们国土的毁灭相称的呼喊。
English original
5. My--The prophet himself is moved with pity for Moab. Ministers, in denouncing the wrath of God against sinners, should do it with tender sorrow, not with exultation.
fugitives--fleeing from Moab, wander as far as to Zoar, on the extreme boundary south of the Dead Sea. HORSLEY translates, "her nobility," or "rulers"
(Ho 4:18).
heifer, &c.--that is, raising their voices "like a heifer" (compare
Jer 48:34, 36).
The expression "three years old," implies one at its full vigor
(Ge 15:9),
as yet not brought under the yoke; as Moab heretofore unsubdued, but now about to be broken. So
Jer 31:18; Ho 4:13.
MAURER translates, "Eglath" (in English Version, "a heifer") Shelishijah (that is, the third, to distinguish it from two others of the same name).
by the mounting up--up the ascent.
Luhith--a mountain in Moab.
Horonaim--a town of Moab not far from Zoar
(Jer 48:5).
It means "the two poles," being near caves.
cry of destruction--a cry appropriate to the destruction which visits their country.
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简体中文
6. 因为——他们向南逃亡的原因
（王下 3:19, 25）。
"因为"北方地区甚至宁琳城（其名意为"清澈的水"，在约旦附近的基列）都缺水缺草。
English original
6. For--the cause of their flight southwards
(2Ki 3:19, 25).
"For" the northern regions and even the city Nimrim (the very name of which means "limpid waters," in Gilead near Jordan) are without water or herbage.
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7. 因此——因这地遭受蹂躏。
所积蓄的——字面意为"超过生活必需之外的多余之物"。
柳树河——逃难者从水资源枯竭的宁林逃往水源更丰沛之处。旁注作"亚拉伯人的谷"；即他们与彼特拉亚拉伯交界处的谷；即今之Wady-el Arabah。"亚拉伯"原意为"沙漠"。
English original
7. Therefore--because of the devastation of the land.
abundance--literally, "that which is over and above" the necessaries of life.
brook of . . . willows--The fugitives flee from Nimrim, where the waters have failed, to places better watered. Margin has "valley of Arabians"; that is, to the valley on the boundary between them and Arabia-Petræa; now Wady-el Arabah. "Arabia" means a "desert."
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简体中文
8. 以基莲——
（结 47:10），
即恩以基莲。并非EUSEBIUS所载的Agalum，在亚罗波利斯以南八英里处；上下文要求此城位于摩押边境之上或之外。
比珥以琳——字面意为"首领之井"——
（民 21:16-18）。
在摩押东界之外。
English original
8. Eglaim--
(Eze 47:10),
En-eglaim. Not the Agalum of EUSEBIUS, eight miles from Areopolis towards the south; the context requires a town on the very borders of Moab or beyond them.
Beer-elim--literally, "the well of the Princes"--(so
Nu 21:16-18).
Beyond the east borders of Moab.
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简体中文
9. 底们——与底本相同
（赛 15:2）。
其水即亚嫩河。
满了血——摩押被杀之人必如此之多。
再加——新的灾祸，即下文提到的「狮子」
（王下 17:25； 耶 5:6; 15:3）。
VITRINGA 理解「狮子」为尼布甲尼撒；但它是复数「狮子」。「再加」，或希伯来文「加添」，他解释为被杀者的血流加入底们之水中。
English original
9. Dimon--same as Dibon
(Isa 15:2).
Its waters are the Arnon.
full of blood--The slain of Moab shall be so many.
bring more--fresh calamities, namely, the "lions" afterwards mentioned
(2Ki 17:25; Jer 5:6; 15:3).
VITRINGA understands Nebuchadnezzar as meant by "the lion"; but it is plural, "lions." The "more," or in Hebrew, "additions," he explains of the addition made to the waters of Dimon by the streams of blood of the slain.
赛 15:1-9。
第十五与十六章合成一篇论摩押的预言。
LOWTH 认为此预言传于希西家王朝之初，应验于第四年，当时撒缦以色在前往攻打以色列的途中，可能攻取了摩押的坚固城。摩押大概曾与以色列和叙利亚结盟共同对抗亚述。因此它招致亚述的报复。耶利米将本预言的大部分内容引入了他的第四十八章。
1. 因为——更准确地说，应为"必定"；字面作"（我断言）……"[MAURER]。
夜——最适宜发动敌袭的时刻
（赛 21:4； 耶 39:4）。
亚珥——希伯来文意为"城"；摩押的京城，在亚嫩河之南。
基珥——字面作"堡垒"；离亚珥不远，偏南。
他——拟人化的摩押。
巴益——更准确地说，应为"往庙宇去"[MAURER]；与类似上下文中的"圣所"
（赛 16:12）
相对应。
往底本——更准确地说，由于底本在亚嫩河之北的平原上，应作"底本（上）到高处去"，即东方通常献祭之处。与底们
（赛 15:9）
是同一城。
哭泣——为突如其来的灾祸而哭。
尼波——更准确地说应为"在尼波"；不是"因"尼波（比较
赛 15:3）
[MAURER]。尼波城邻近尼波山，离死海北岸不远。摩押的偶像基抹就在那里受敬拜（比较
申 34:1）。
米底巴——在希实本之南，约旦河东的一座山上。
光秃……胡须剃净——东方人对胡须格外尊崇。剃去胡须是忧愁与屈辱最大的标记（比较
耶 48:37）。