Chapter commentary
Leviticus Chapter 4
1
Le 4:1, 2.
简体中文
English original
Le 4:1, 2.
SIN OFFERING OF IGNORANCE.
2
Untitled
简体中文
2. 若有人误犯了耶和华的命令中的任何一条——"一个人"，指个体。从某种意义上说，一切罪都可视为因"无知"、错误或对自身真正益处的误解而犯的。然而此处律法所指的，是对礼仪律的无意干犯——即因匆忙或疏忽而违背了某些消极的训诫，若明知故犯，则当处死刑。
在这些事上犯了——为达意，须补上"他当献一只赎罪祭"。
English original
2. If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord--a soul--an individual. All sins may be considered, in a certain sense, as committed "through ignorance," error, or misapprehension of one's true interests. The sins, however, referred to in this law were unintentional violations of the ceremonial laws,--breaches made through haste, or inadvertency of some negative precepts, which, if done knowingly and wilfully, would have involved a capital punishment.
do against any of them--To bring out the meaning, it is necessary to supply, "he shall bring a sin offering."
3
Le 4:3-35.
简体中文
Le 4:3-35。
祭司的赎罪祭。
3. 受膏的祭司若犯了罪——即大祭司。考虑到他作为预表性中保的身份及其崇高的职任，百姓与他关系最为深远；因此他违背神圣律法的任何部分，无论是出于无意还是疏忽，都是极其严重的过犯，无论对他个人而言，还是就其榜样的影响而言，都是如此。主要所指的就是他这个人，尽管普通的祭司阶层也包括在内。
使百姓陷在罪里——即给百姓带来罪咎。他要取一只公牛犊（年龄和性别明确说明），按照燔祭所规定的方式宰杀之后，要将其带进圣所，在幔子前洒赎罪之血七次，并在前往祭司院的途中，用这红色的液体涂金香坛的四个角上——这是一项只为极为重大、可憎的过犯所设立的庄严礼仪，表明他的罪虽是在无知中犯的，却已使他所行的一切事奉都归于无效；他若不以血赎罪，他所从事的任何职务事奉，都对他自己或百姓无益。
English original
Le 4:3-35.
SIN OFFERING FOR THE PRIEST.
3. If the priest that is anointed do sin--that is, the high priest, in whom, considering his character as typical mediator, and his exalted office, the people had the deepest interest; and whose transgression of any part of the divine law, therefore, whether done unconsciously or heedlessly, was a very serious offense, both as regarded himself individually, and the influence of his example. He is the person principally meant, though the common order of the priesthood was included.
according to the sin of the people--that is, bring guilt on the people. He was to take a young bullock (the age and sex being expressly mentioned), and having killed it according to the form prescribed for the burnt offerings, he was to take it into the holy place and sprinkle the atoning blood seven times before the veil, and tip with the crimson fluid the horns of the golden altar of incense, on his way to the court of the priests,--a solemn ceremonial appointed only for very grave and heinous offenses, and which betokened that his sin, though done in ignorance, had vitiated all his services; nor could any official duty he engaged in be beneficial either to himself or the people, unless it were atoned for by blood.
11
Untitled
简体中文
11. 公牛的皮和所有的肉——在一般情形下，这些是祭司的所得。但在为大祭司之罪所需的赎罪中，祭物的脂油献在坛上之后，胴体要被抬到营外 [Le 4:12]，以便在倒灰之处将其完全烧尽，更能显著地表明这过犯的严重，以及神对此的憎恶（参较 Heb 13:12, 13）。
English original
11. the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh--In ordinary circumstances, these were perquisites of the priests. But in the expiation necessary for a sin of the high priest, after the fat of the sacrifice was offered on the altar, the carcass was carried without the camp
[Le 4:12],
in order that the total combustion of it in the place of ashes might the more strikingly indicate the enormity of the transgression, and the horror with which he regarded it (compare
Heb 13:12, 13).
13
Untitled
简体中文
13-21. 以色列全会众若误犯了罪——由于某种当受责备的疏忽或对律法的误解，百姓可能招致全国性的罪咎，那时便须有全国性的赎罪。所献的祭与前一情形相同，但礼仪上有所不同：长老或各支派的族长，作为百姓的代表，也是误导会众的主要肇事者，要按手在祭牲头上。然后祭司将血带进圣所，在那里用指头蘸血七次，在幔子前弹七次。此后，他回到祭司院，登上祭坛，将一部分血抹在坛的角上；然后把血倒在坛脚。祭坛上所献的祭物只有脂油；至于胴体及其附属部分和脏下之物，要抬到营外倒灰之处，在那里用火烧尽。
English original
13-21. if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance--In consequence of some culpable neglect or misapprehension of the law, the people might contract national guilt, and then national expiation was necessary. The same sacrifice was to be offered as in the former case, but with this difference in the ceremonial, that the elders or heads of the tribes, as representing the people and being the principal aggressors in misleading the congregation, laid their hands on the head of the victim. The priest then took the blood into the holy place, where, after dipping his finger in it seven times, he sprinkled the drops seven times before the veil. This done, he returned to the court of the priests, and ascending the altar, put some portion upon its horns; then he poured it out at the foot of the altar. The fat was the only part of the animal which was offered on the altar; for the carcass, with its appurtenances and offals, was carried without the camp, into the place where the ashes were deposited, and there consumed with fire.
22
Untitled
简体中文
22-26. 官长若误犯罪，行了耶和华所吩咐不可行的什么事——无论政体形式如何，君王、审判官或下属官员，都是这条律法所涉及的对象。这样的民政官员，其过犯的性质和后果都不如大祭司或全会众的那样严重，因此只需献价值较低的赎罪祭——"一只公山羊"；血既不须带进圣所，只须抹在燔祭坛上；胴体也不须抬到营外，而由值班的祭司食用。
English original
22-26. When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments--Whatever was the form of government, the king, judge, or subordinate, was the party concerned in this law. The trespass of such a civil functionary being less serious in its character and consequences than that either of the high priest or the congregation, a sin offering of inferior value was required--"a kid of the goats"; and neither was the blood carried into the sanctuary, but applied only to the altar of burnt offering; nor was the carcass taken without the camp; it was eaten by the priests-in-waiting.
27
Untitled
简体中文
27-34. 平民中若有人误犯了罪——在这种情形下，所定的赎罪祭是一只无残疾的母山羊，或一只母绵羊羔；所行的礼仪与那犯罪的官长所行的完全一样 [Le 4:22-26]。在这后两类情形中，赎罪祭的血抹在燔祭坛上——即指定宰杀血祭之处。但大祭司或全会众的过犯，因会令会幕的礼仪普遍受到玷染，并使其事奉失效，便需要进一步的赎罪；因此在这些情形中，赎罪祭的血要抹在香坛上 [Le 4:6-17]。
English original
27-34. if any one of the common people sin through ignorance--In this case the expiatory offering appointed was a female kid, or a ewe-lamb without blemish; and the ceremonies were exactly the same as those observed in the case of the offending ruler
[Le 4:22-26].
In these two latter instances, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of burnt offering--the place where bloody sacrifices were appointed to be immolated. But the transgression of a high priest, or of the whole congregation, entailing a general taint on the ritual of the tabernacle, and vitiating its services, required a further expiation; and therefore, in these cases, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of incense
[Le 4:6, 17].
35
Untitled
简体中文
35. 他必蒙赦免——这一切祭物本身没有任何内在价值，足以使罪人的良心脱离罪恶的玷染，或从神那里获得赦免；它们只是从世俗的刑罚中给予形式上的释放（Heb 9:13-14）；它们也是基督所要献上那完全无罪之祭的象征性预表。
English original
35. it shall be forgiven him--None of these sacrifices possessed any intrinsic value sufficient to free the conscience of the sinner from the pollution of guilt, or to obtain his pardon from God; but they gave a formal deliverance from a secular penalty
(Heb 9:13, 14);
and they were figurative representations of the full and perfect sin offering which was to be made by Christ.
Le 4:1, 2.
误犯之罪的赎罪祭。