Chapter commentary
Numbers Chapter 28
1
Nu 28:1-31.
繁體中文
English original
Nu 28:1-31.
OFFERINGS TO BE OBSERVED.
2
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繁體中文
2. 你要吩咐以色列人說——本章重申了先前已頒佈的數條律法，這重申既合時宜又屬必要——不僅因這些律法十分重要、卻屢被忽略，更因自首次設立以來新一代人已經興起，而且以色列人即將進入那地定居，這些條例要在那裏遵行。
我的供物、我的糧食——這是對所定祭物的泛稱，這條命令的要旨在於強調獻祭當按規律、當鄭重。
English original
2. Command the children of Israel, and say unto them--The repetition of several laws formerly enacted, which is made in this chapter, was seasonable and necessary, not only on account of their importance and the frequent neglect of them, but because a new generation had sprung up since their first institution and because the Israelites were about to be settled in the land where those ordinances were to be observed.
My offering, and my bread--used generally for the appointed offerings, and the import of the prescription is to enforce regularity and care in their observance.
9
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繁體中文
9, 10. 這是每安息日獻的燔祭——聖經先前並未提及安息日的燔祭，這是在每日常獻的祭之外另加的。
English original
9, 10. This is the burnt offering of every sabbath--There is no previous mention of a Sabbath burnt offering, which was additional to the daily sacrifices.
11
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繁體中文
11-15. 每月朔，你們要將燔祭獻給耶和華——這些日子被視為神聖節期；雖然沒有重大節日的性質，卻有別於平日——要在獻祭之上吹號
(Nu 10:10)， 要停息一切勞作（婦女的家務除外）
(Am 8:5)， 要舉行公眾崇拜
(2Ki 4:23)， 並要設社交或家族宴席
(1Sa 20:5)。 這些做法並非律法明文所定，而是後來習俗中所行。每月朔的確定不是靠天文推算，而是據猶太作者所言，靠奉派守望新月初現之人的見證；其事實再由山頂所點的信號火傳遍全國。月朔節期既為異教徒所共有，則其在以色列設立的一個重要用意，很可能是要給那百姓的心思一個更好的方向；若這確是其目的之一，便解釋了為何一隻公山羊是獻給耶和華
(Nu 28:15)， 而非如埃及人和敘利亞人那樣獻給月亮。安息日與月朔常被相提並論。
English original
11-15. And in the beginnings of your months ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the Lord--These were held as sacred festivals; and though not possessing the character of solemn feasts, they were distinguished by the blowing of trumpets over the sacrifices
(Nu 10:10),
by the suspension of all labor except the domestic occupations of women
(Am 8:5),
by the celebration of public worship
(2Ki 4:23),
and by social or family feasts
(1Sa 20:5).
These observations are not prescribed in the law though they obtained in the practice of a later time. The beginning of the month was known, not by astronomical calculations, but, according to Jewish writers, by the testimony of messengers appointed to watch the first visible appearance of the new moon; and then the fact was announced through the whole country by signal-fires kindled on the mountain tops. The new-moon festivals having been common among the heathen, it is probable that an important design of their institution in Israel was to give the minds of that people a better direction; and assuming this to have been one of the objects contemplated, it will account for one of the kids being offered unto the Lord
(Nu 28:15),
not unto the moon, as the Egyptians and Syrians did. The Sabbath and the new moon are frequently mentioned together.
16
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繁體中文
16-25. 正月十四日是逾越節——這個一年一度大節期的律法已見
(Le 23:5)， 但此處加入若干細節，規定在除酵節七日的每日都要獻特定的祭〔Nu 28:18-25〕。
English original
16-25. in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover--The law for that great annual festival is given
(Le 23:5),
but some details are here introduced, as certain specified offerings are prescribed to be made on each of the seven days of unleavened bread
[Nu 28:18-25].
26
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繁體中文
26, 27. 在初熟節……獻燔祭——這裏為這節期的慶祝命令了一項新的祭，是附加於另一項當與初熟之物同獻的祭
（Le 23:18）。
English original
26, 27. in the day of the first-fruits . . . offer the burnt offering--A new sacrifice is here ordered for the celebration of this festival, in addition to the other offering, which was to accompany the first-fruits
(Le 23:18).
Nu 28:1-31.
當獻的祭。