Chapter commentary
2 Chronicles Chapter 23
서론
Untitled
日本語
English original
Six years bloody Athaliah had tyrannised; in this chapter we have her deposed and slain, and Joash, the rightful heir, enthroned. We had the story before nearly as it is here related, 2Ki 11:4-21, etc. I. Jehoiada prepared the people for the king, acquainted them with his design, armed them, and appointed them their posts, 2Ch 23:1-10. II. He produced the king to the people, crowned him, and anointed him, 2Ch 23:11. III. He slew the usurper, 2Ch 23:12-15. IV. He reformed the kingdom, re-established religion, and restored the civil government, 2Ch 23:16-21.
1-11
Preparations to Restore Judah (878 BC)
日本語
ユダを回復するための準備(前878年)
¹ 第七年にエホヤダは力を強め、エロハムの子アザリヤ、エホハナンの子イシュマエル、オベデの子アザリヤ、アダヤの子マアセヤ、ジクリの子エリシャパテ——これらの百人隊の長たちと契約を結んだ。
² 彼らはユダを巡り、ユダのすべての町からレビ人とイスラエルの父祖のかしらたちを集め、彼らはエルサレムに来た。
³ 全会衆は神の宮で王と契約を結んだ。彼は彼らに言った、「見よ、王の子が王となる。主がダビデの子孫について語られた通りである」。
⁴ あなたがたがすべきことはこれである。安息日に入ってくる祭司とレビ人の三分の一は門衛となり、
⁵ 三分の一は王の宮に、三分の一は基礎の門にいる。民はみな主の宮の庭にいる。
⁶ ただし祭司と、仕えるレビ人以外は、だれも主の宮に入ってはならない。彼らは聖なる者であるから入ってよい。民はみな主の定めを守る。
⁷ レビ人はおのおのその手に武器を持って王の四方を囲む。ほかに宮に入る者はだれでも殺されなければならない。王が入る時も出る時も、あなたがたは王と共にいなければならない。
⁸ レビ人とユダのすべての人は、祭司エホヤダが命じたすべての事をその通り行い、安息日に入ってくる者と安息日に出て行く者を、おのおのその管轄する人々と共に連れて来た。祭司エホヤダが組を解散させなかったからである。
⁹ また、祭司エホヤダは神の宮にあったダビデ王の槍と小盾と大盾を百人隊の長たちに渡した。
¹⁰ 彼はすべての民を、おのおのその手に武器を持たせ、神殿の右側から左側まで、祭壇と神殿に沿って、王の四方に立たせた。
¹¹ そこで彼らは王の子を導き出し、彼に冠をかぶらせ、あかしを与え、王とした。エホヤダとその子らが彼に油を注いで言った、「王よ、長生きされよ」。
アタリヤが六年間王位を簒奪していた間のエルサレムの事態の悪さは十分に想像できる。そして神がなぜそれを許されたのか、また神の民がなぜそれほど長く耐えたのかは不思議である。しかし、そのような暗く長い夜の後、この革命によって再び戻って来た昼はより明るく、より歓迎すべきものであった。ダビデの子孫と王位の継続は、神がその聖さによって誓われたことであり(詩 89:35)、中断があったとしても無効とはならなかった。ここで統治の流れは再び正しい水路に流れる。この王政回復の道具であり主な主宰者はエホヤダであった。彼は次のような人物であったと思われる。1. 大いなる思慮深さを持つ人。彼は若い王子が公に立つのにふさわしくなり、国民が簒奪者に飽きるまで長年彼を隠しておいた。事を前もって準備し、驚くべき秘密と迅速さでそれを成し遂げた。神がなすべきわざがある時、神はそのための人を整え、奮い立たせられる。2. 大いなる影響力を持つ人。百人隊の長たちが彼に加わり(2Ch 23:1)、レビ人とイスラエルの父祖のかしらたちが彼の呼びかけに応じてエルサレムに来て(2Ch 23:2)、彼の命令を受ける準備ができていた。知恵と徳が人にどれほどの権威を与えるかを見よ。レビ人とユダのすべての人はエホヤダが命じた通りに行い(2Ch 23:8)、驚くべきことに、秘密を託された者たちが皆、それが実行されるまで自分たちの知恵を保った。このように知恵ある者の言葉は静かに聞かれる(伝 9:17)。3. 大いなる信仰を持つ人。彼をこの企てに駆り立てたのは、単なる一般的な公正(ましてや妻の王室血縁)ではなく、神のことばと王位の神定的継承に対する配慮であった(2Ch 23:3)。王の子が王となる、王とならなければならない、主が語られた通りに。約束に目を向け、それに依存したことが、この企てに大いなる栄光を加えた。4. 大いなる敬虔を持つ人。この事は神殿でなされねばならず、それは規定を破る機会となり得、事態の必要性がそれを正当化すると思われ得た。しかし彼は特別に、民のうちだれも祭司とレビ人以外は主の宮に入ってはならないこと、それは死の罰に処すことを命じた(2Ch 23:6,7)。民権を支えるためであっても、神聖なものを汚してはならない。5. 大いなる決断力を持つ人。この務めを引き受けると、彼はそれを最後まで貫き、王を導き出し、彼に冠をかぶらせ、あかしを与えた(2Ch 23:11)。彼は首を危険にさらしたが、それは良い大義のためであった。それゆえ大胆に進んだ。ここで、彼の子らが若い王に油を注ぐことに加わったと記されている。その子らの一人は、おそらく後にヨアシュが彼を責めたために殺したザカリヤであったろう(2Ch 24:20)。喜んで彼に油を注いだ者をそのように扱ったことは、いっそう恩知らずであった。
English original
Preparations to Restore Judah (878 BC)
¹ And in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him.
² And they went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the chief of the fathers of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem.
³ And all the congregation made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And he said unto them, Behold, the king's son shall reign, as the LORD hath said of the sons of David.
⁴ This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you entering on the sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the doors;
⁵ And a third part shall be at the king's house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation: and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD.
⁶ But let none come into the house of the LORD, save the priests, and they that minister of the Levites; they shall go in, for they are holy: but all the people shall keep the watch of the LORD.
⁷ And the Levites shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and whosoever else cometh into the house, he shall be put to death: but be ye with the king when he cometh in, and when he goeth out.
⁸ So the Levites and all Judah did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest had commanded, and took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that were to go out on the sabbath: for Jehoiada the priest dismissed not the courses.
⁹ Moreover Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David's, which were in the house of God.
¹⁰ And he set all the people, every man having his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the temple to the left side of the temple, along by the altar and the temple, by the king round about.
¹¹ Then they brought out the king's son, and put upon him the crown, and gave him the testimony, and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him, and said, God save the king.
We may well imagine the bad posture of affairs in Jerusalem during Athaliah's six years' usurpation, and may wonder that God permitted it and his people bore it so long; but after such a dark and tedious night the returning day in this revolution was the brighter and the more welcome. The continuance of David's seed and throne was what God had sworn by his holiness (Ps 89:35), and an interruption was no defeasance; the stream of government here runs again in the right channel. The instrument and chief manager of the restoration is Jehoiada, who appears to have been, 1. A man of great prudence, who reserved the young prince for so many years till he was fit to appear in public, and till the nation had grown weary of the usurper, who prepared his work beforehand, and then effected it with admirable secresy and expedition. When God has work to do he will qualify and animate men for it. 2. A man of great interest. The captains joined with him, 2Ch 23:1. The Levites and the chief of the fathers of Israel came at his call to Jerusalem (2Ch 23:2) and were there ready to receive his orders. See what a command wisdom and virtue will give men. The Levites and all Judah did as Jehoiada commanded (2Ch 23:8), and, which is strange, all that were entrusted with the secret kept their own counsel till it was executed. Thus the words of the wise are heard in quiet, Ec 9:17. 3. A man of great faith. It was not only common equity (much less his wife's relation to the royal family) that put him upon this undertaking, but a regard to the word of God, and the divine entail of the crown (2Ch 23:3): The king's son shall reign, must reign, as the Lord hath said. His eye to the promise, and dependence upon that, added a great deal of glory to this undertaking. 4. A man of great religion. This matter was to be done in the temple, which might occasion some breach of rule, and the necessity of the case might be thought to excuse it; but he gave special order that none of the people should come into the house of the Lord, but the priests and Levites only, who were holy, upon pain of death, 2Ch 23:6,7. Never let sacred things be profaned, no, not for the support of civil rights. 5. A man of great resolution. When he had undertaken this business he went through with it, brought out the king, crowned him, and gave him the testimony, 2Ch 23:11. He ventured his head, but it was in a good cause, and therefore he went on boldly. It is here said that his sons joined with him in anointing the young king. One of them, it is likely, was that Zechariah whom Joash afterwards put to death for reproving him (2Ch 24:20), which was so much the more ungrateful because he bore a willing part in anointing him.
12-21
Joash Crowned and Athaliah Slain (878 BC)
日本語
ヨアシュの戴冠とアタリヤの処刑 (紀元前878年)
¹² アタリヤは民が走り回り、王を賛美する声を聞いて、主の宮にいる民のところに出て来た。
¹³ 見ると、王が入口の自分の柱のところに立ち、君たちとラッパ手が王のそばにいた。地のすべての民は喜び、ラッパを吹き鳴らし、歌うたう者たちは楽器を持ち、賛美を教える者たちと共にいた。そのときアタリヤは衣服を引き裂き、「反逆だ、反逆だ」と言った。
¹⁴ そこで祭司エホヤダは軍勢の上に立てられた百人隊の長たちを出して、彼らに言った。「彼女を列の外に出せ。彼女に従う者はだれでも剣で殺せ。」祭司が言ったからである。「主の宮の中で彼女を殺してはならない。」
¹⁵ そこで彼らは彼女に手をかけた。彼女が馬の門の入口、王宮のそばに来たとき、彼らはそこで彼女を殺した。
¹⁶ エホヤダは自分と、すべての民と、王の間に契約を結んで、彼らが主の民となるようにした。
¹⁷ すべての民はバアルの家に行き、これを打ち壊し、その祭壇と像を打ち砕き、バアルの祭司マタンを祭壇の前で殺した。
¹⁸ エホヤダはまた主の宮の務めを祭司レビ人の手に任せた。これはダビデが主の宮で分けた者であって、モーセの律法に書かれている通りに主の燔祭をささげ、ダビデが定めた通りに喜びと歌をもってささげさせるためであった。
¹⁹ また彼は主の宮の門に門衛を置き、何であれ汚れている者が入らないようにした。
²⁰ 彼は百人隊の長たち、貴族たち、民のつかさたち、地のすべての民を率いて、王を主の宮から連れ下ろし、彼らは高い門を通って王宮に入り、王を王国の玉座につかせた。
²¹ 地のすべての民は喜んだ。そして彼らが剣でアタリヤを殺した後、町は静まった。
ここに私たちは次のことを見る。I. 民の喜び(2Ch 23:12,13)。王がそこに立つべき自分の柱のところに立ったとき、 地のすべての民はエッサイの切り株からひとつの枝が出るのを見て喜んだ(Isa 11:1)。乾いた地にしおれた根のように見えたとき、二度と見ることを絶望していたもの — ダビデの家の王 — を見ることは、彼らにどれほど喜ばしい驚きであったことか。彼らは喜びの恍惚のうちにこの光景を見ようと走って来て、王を賛美し、神を賛美した。 賛美を教える者たち が彼らと共にいたからである。
II. アタリヤの処刑。彼女は正義の剣の先に自ら走った。自分の勢力を実際よりもはるかに良いと思い込み、その時に 主の宮の中に 敢えて入り込み、 反逆だ、反逆だ と叫んだ。しかし彼女に同調する者も、味方する者もいなかった。彼女の心の高ぶりが彼女を欺いた。彼女はすべてが自分のものと思ったが、心からそうである者はいなかった。エホヤダは王が未成年の間の保護者として、彼女を殺すよう命じた(2Ch 23:14)。これは直ちに実行された(2Ch 23:15)。ただ彼女が 主の宮の中で殺されない ように配慮された。その聖なる場所がこれほど汚されてはならず、その悪い女がこれほどまでに誉れを受けてもならなかったからである。
III. 元の契約の合意(2Ch 23:16)。 列王記 では、エホヤダが 主 と民と王の間に契約を結んだとある(2Ki 11:17)。ここでは 彼自身 と民と王の間に結んだとある。彼は神の祭司として、この取引において神の代表者であったか、モーセがそうであったように一種の仲介者であった。この協定は三者間のものだったが、その全体の真の意図と意味は 彼らが主の民となる ことであった。神はエホヤダを通して彼らを御自分の民として取ることを契約し、王と民は彼と契約して彼のものとなり、王は民と契約して 神の民として 彼らを治め、民は王と契約して 主の民として 、その恐れのうちに、彼のために王に従うこととした。私たち自身と互いを 主の民 として見よう。そうすれば、これは神と人に対するすべての義務の遂行において私たちに強い影響を与えるであろう。
IV. バアルの破壊(2Ch 23:17)。 王の 権利を奪った簒奪者を滅ぼすだけで、 神の 権利を奪った簒奪者を滅ぼさないなら、彼らはなすべきわざの半分しかしなかったことになる — 玉座の誉れは回復し、祭壇の誉れは回復しないなら。アタリヤの治世の最大の弊害はバアル礼拝の導入とその支持であった。それゆえそれは真っ先に廃止されなければならなかった。バアルの家、その祭壇、その像を打ち倒せ。それらすべてを打ち壊せ。そしてその祭司たちの血をそのいけにえと交えさせよ。神は偶像礼拝へと誘惑する者を死刑に処すよう命じられたからである(De 13:5,6)。
V. 宮の奉仕の回復(2Ch 23:18,19)。これは前の治世でなおざりにされていた。祭司と民は、それに敵対的な君たちを持つとき、それを維持する力も熱心も持たなかったからである。しかしエホヤダは、近頃乱され侵略されていた 主の宮の務め を、本来の順序と本来の手に回復した。1. 彼はモーセの律法にしたがって、いけにえを正しくささげるために祭司たちをその組に任じた。2. ダビデの定めにしたがって、歌うたう者たちをその組に置いた。いけにえは(そう見受けられるが) 喜びと歌をもって ささげられた。もっともなことである。私たちは 和解を受ける とき、神を 喜ぶ(Ro 5:11)。3. 門衛たちはダビデが命じた通りにそれぞれの持ち場に置かれ(2Ch 23:19)、その務めは、儀式的に汚れている者が何らかの理由で宮の庭に入れないよう注意することであった。
VI. 世俗の統治の再建(2Ch 23:20)。彼らは王を荘厳にして王宮に連れ行き、 王国の玉座に つかせた。王みずから、あるいはその師エホヤダを通じて、律法を布告し、さばきを行うために。こうしてこの幸いな革命が完成した。民の大多数はこれを喜び、残りも静まって何の反対もしなかった(2Ch 23:21)。ダビデの子が魂の玉座につかれるとき、すべては静まり、喜びの泉が開かれる。
English original
Joash Crowned and Athaliah Slain (878 BC)
¹² Now when Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of the LORD:
¹³ And she looked, and, behold, the king stood at his pillar at the entering in, and the princes and the trumpets by the king: and all the people of the land rejoiced, and sounded with trumpets, also the singers with instruments of music, and such as taught to sing praise. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and said, Treason, Treason.
¹⁴ Then Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth of the ranges: and whoso followeth her, let him be slain with the sword. For the priest said, Slay her not in the house of the LORD.
¹⁵ So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there.
¹⁶ And Jehoiada made a covenant between him, and between all the people, and between the king, that they should be the LORD's people.
¹⁷ Then all the people went to the house of Baal, and brake it down, and brake his altars and his images in pieces, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars.
¹⁸ Also Jehoiada appointed the offices of the house of the LORD by the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, as it was ordained by David.
¹⁹ And he set the porters at the gates of the house of the LORD, that none which was unclean in any thing should enter in.
²⁰ And he took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of the LORD: and they came through the high gate into the king's house, and set the king upon the throne of the kingdom.
²¹ And all the people of the land rejoiced: and the city was quiet, after that they had slain Athaliah with the sword.
Here we have, I. The people pleased, 2Ch 23:12,13. When the king stood at his pillar, whose right it was to stand there, all the people of the land rejoiced to see a rod sprung out of the stem of Jesse, Isa 11:1. When it seemed a withered root in a dry ground, to see what they despaired of ever seeing—a king of the house of David, what a pleasing surprise was it to them! They ran in transports of joy to see this sight, praised the king, and praised God, for they had with them such as taught to sing praise.
II. Athaliah slain. She ran upon the point of the sword of justice; for, imagining her interest much better than it was, she ventured into the house of the Lord at that time, and cried, Treason, treason! But nobody seconded her, or sided with her. The pride of her heart deceived her. She thought all her own, whereas none were cordially so. Jehoiada, as protector in the king's minority, ordered her to be slain (2Ch 23:14), which was done immediately (2Ch 23:15), only care was taken that she should not be slain in the house of the Lord, that sacred place must not be so far disgraced, nor that wicked woman so far honoured.
III. The original contract agreed to, 2Ch 23:16. In the Kings it is said that Jehoiada made a covenant between the Lord, the people, and the king, 2Ki 11:17. Here it is said to be between himself, the people, and the king; for he, as God's priest, was his representative in this transaction, or a sort of mediator, as Moses was. The indenture was tripartite, but the true intent and meaning of the whole was that they should be the Lord's people. God covenanted by Jehoiada to take them for his people; the king and people covenanted with him to be his; and then the king covenanted with the people to govern them as the people of God, and the people with the king to be subject to him as the Lord's people, in his fear and for his sake. Let us look upon ourselves and one another as the Lord's people, and this will have a powerful influence upon us in the discharge of all our duty both to God and man.
IV. Baal destroyed, 2Ch 23:17. They would not have done half their work if they had only destroyed the usurper of the king's right, and not the usurper of God's right—if they had asserted the honour of the throne, and not that of the altar. The greatest grievance of Athaliah's reign was the bringing in of the worship of Baal, and supporting of that; therefore that must be abolished in the first place. Down with Baal's house, his altars, his images; down with them all, and let the blood of his priests be mingled with his sacrifices; for God had commanded that seducers to idolatry should be put to death, De 13:5,6.
V. The temple service revived, 2Ch 23:18,19. This had been neglected in the last reigns, the priest and people wanting either power or zeal to keep it up when they had princes that were disaffected to it. But Jehoiada restored the offices of the house of the Lord, which in the late times had been disturbed and invaded, to the proper course and proper hands. 1. He appointed the priests to their courses, for the due offering of sacrifices, according to the law of Moses. 2. The singers to theirs, according to the appointment of David. The sacrifices (it should seem) were offered with rejoicing and singing, and with good reason. We joy in God when we receive the atonement, Ro 5:11. 3. The porters were put in their respective posts as David ordered (2Ch 23:19), and their office was to take care that none who were upon any account ceremonially unclean should be admitted into the courts of the temple.
VI. The civil government re-established, 2Ch 23:20. They brought the king in state to his own palace, and set him upon the throne of the kingdom, to give law, and give judgment, either in his own person or by Jehoiada his tutor. Thus was this happy revolution perfected. The generality of the people rejoiced in it, and the rest were quiet and made no opposition, 2Ch 23:21. When the Son of David is enthroned in the soul all is quiet and springs of joy are opened.
血に染まったアタリヤが六年間暴政を振るったが、本章で彼女が退位させられて殺され、正当な王位継承者であるヨアシュが王座に就く様を見る。この物語はすでに1Ki 11:4-21等でほぼ同様に記されている。 I. エホヤダは王のために民を備え、自分の計画を彼らに知らせ、彼らを武装させ、持ち場を割り当てた(2Ch 23:1-10)。 II. 彼は王を民の前に提示し、王冠を戴かせ、油を注いだ(2Ch 23:11)。 III. 彼は簒奪者を殺した(2Ch 23:12-15)。 IV. 彼は王国を改革し、宗教を再建し、民政を回復した(2Ch 23:16-21)。