Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary · 2 Samuel Chapter 22

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2 Samuel Chapter 22

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日本語

本章は一つの詩篇、賛美の詩篇である。私たちはこれを後で、いくらかの異同とともにダビデの詩篇の中に挿入されているのを見出す(Ps 18:1-50)。ここでは、それが最初に彼自身の私的使用と彼自身の琴のために作られた通りにある。しかし向こうでは、教会の奉仕のために賛美長に渡されたもの、すなわちいくらかの修正を加えた第二版としてある。なぜならそれは本来ダビデの状況のために作られたものであったが、他の人々の救出に対する感謝において、その奉献に等しく役立ち得たからである。あるいは、彼が公人であってその救出は公の祝福とみなされるべきであり、公の感謝を要するゆえに、彼の民がこのように彼の感謝に加わることが意図されたのである。霊感を受けた歴史家は、この書と前の書においてダビデの救出を詳しく語り、特に前章の終わりに一つの救出を記したのち、これらすべてを記念するものとしてこの聖なる詩を記録することを適切と考えた。ダビデが年をとって、生涯の恵みと、最初から最後まで神が彼に与えられた多くの驚くべき守りとを全般的に顧みてこの詩篇を記したと考える者もいる。私たちは賛美においてできる限り遡って眺め、時が神の恵みの感覚をすり減らすに任せてはならない。また彼が若くして、最初の救出のいくつかの機会にこれを記し、後の使用のために手元に置き、毎回新しい救出ごとにこの歌を歌うのが彼の習慣であったと考える者もいる。しかし詩篇の書は、彼が必要に応じて変え、一つの形式に局限しなかったことを示している。ここに次のことがある。I. 詩篇の題(2Sa 22:1)。II. 詩篇そのもの。そこで彼は極めて熱烈な献身と、非常に流暢で豊かな表現をもって、1. 神に栄光を帰す。2. 神に慰めを見出す。そして彼はその両方について、(1.) 神の過去の恵みについての経験に、(2.) さらなる恵みに対する期待に、その根拠を見出す。これらは詩篇全体を通して入り混じっている。

English original

This chapter is a psalm, a psalm of praise; we find it afterwards inserted among David's psalms (Ps 18:1-50) with some little variation. We have it here as it was first composed for his own closed and his own harp; but there we have it as it was afterwards delivered to the chief musician for the service of the church, a second edition with some amendments; for, though it was calculated primarily for David's case, yet it might indifferently serve the devotion of others, in giving thanks for their deliverances; or it was intended that his people should thus join with him in his thanksgivings, because, being a public person, his deliverances were to be accounted public blessings and called for public acknowledgments. The inspired historian, having largely related David's deliverances in this and the foregoing book, and one particularly in the close of the foregoing chapter, thought fit to record this sacred poem as a memorial of all that had been before related. Some think that David penned this psalm when he was old, upon a general review of the mercies of his life and the many wonderful preservations God had blessed him with, from first to last. We should in our praises, look as far back as we can, and not suffer time to wear out the sense of God's favours. Others think that he penned it when he was young, upon occasion of some of his first deliverances, and kept it by him for his use afterwards, and that, upon every new deliverance, his practice was to sing this song. But the book of Psalms shows that he varied as there was occasion, and confined not himself to one form. Here is, I. The title of the psalm, 2Sa 22:1. II. The psalm itself, in which, with a very warm devotion and very great fluency and copiousness of expression, 1. He gives glory to God. 2. He takes comfort in him; and he finds matter for both, (1.) In the experiences he had of God's former favours. (2.) In the expectations he had of his further favours. These are intermixed throughout the whole psalm.

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David's Song of Praise (1020 BC)

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日本語

ダビデの賛美の歌(紀元前1020年)

¹ ダビデは主にこの歌のことばを語った。主がすべての敵の手とサウルの手から彼を救い出された日に。

ここで観察せよ。I. 神の民が多くの敵を持ち、彼らの手に陥る切迫した危険にあることがしばしば神の民の分け前であったこと。ダビデは神の心にかなった人であったが、人の心にかなった者ではなかった。彼を憎み、その破滅を求めた者は多かった。サウルが特に名ざしされている。1. 異邦人の敵と区別するためか。サウルはダビデを憎んだが、ダビデはサウルを憎まず、それゆえ彼を敵の中に数えなかった。あるいはむしろ、2. 彼の敵のかしこであり、だれよりも悪意深く力強かったから。神に愛される者は、この世が彼らを憎んでも驚いてはならない。

II. 義務の道において神に信頼する者は、最も大きな危険の中で神がすぐに助けてくださるのを見出す。ダビデはそうであった。神は彼をサウルの手から救い出された。彼はこれを特に心に留める。顕著な守護は、私たちの賛美において特別な強調をもって語られるべきである。神はまたすべての敵の手から、次々に、ある時はこの方法で、ある時は別の方法で救い出された。ダビデは自らの経験から、正しい者の悩みは多いが、主はそのすべてから彼らを救い出されると確言した(Ps 34:19)。私たちは天に着くまで、すべての敵から救い出されることはない。その御国に神はご自身のものをすべて保たれる(2Ti 4:18)。

III. 神から多くの顕著なあわれみを受けた者は、その栄光を神に帰すべきである。私たちの手にある新しいあわれみはすべて、新しい歌を私たちの口に置くべきである。すなわち私たちの神への賛美を。感謝な心がある所、その豊かさから口は語る。ダビデは語った。自らの楽しみのためだけでなく、周囲の者への教えのためでもなく、主に、その誉れのために、この歌のことばを。私たちが主に向かって歌う時、恵みをもって歌うのである。苦難の中で彼は声を出して叫んだ(Ps 142:1)。それゆえ声を出して感謝した。神への感謝は最も甘い声楽である。

IV. 私たちは神への感謝の応答において迅速であるべきである。*神が彼を救い出された日に彼はこの歌を歌った。*あわれみが新鮮なうち、私たちの敬虔な感情がそれによって最もかき立てられるうちに、感謝の供え物を携えて来よう。それがその感情の火によって燃やされるように。

English original

David's Song of Praise (1020 BC)

¹ And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:

Observe here, I. That it has often been the lot of God's people to have many enemies, and to be in imminent danger of falling into their hands. David was a man after God's heart, but not after men's heart: many were those that hated him, and sought his ruin; Saul is particularly named, either, 1. As distinguished from his enemies of the heathen nations. Saul hated David, but David did not hate Saul, and therefore would not reckon him among his enemies; or, rather, 2. As the chief of his enemies, who was more malicious and powerful than any of them. Let not those whom God loves marvel if the world hate them.

II. Those that trust God in the way of duty shall find him a present help to them in their greatest dangers. David did so. God delivered him out of the hand of Saul. He takes special notice of this. Remarkable preservations should be mentioned in our praises with a particular emphasis. He delivered him also out of the hand of all his enemies, one after another, sometimes in one way, sometimes in another; and David, from his own experience, has assured us that, though many are the troubles of the righteous, yet the Lord delivers them out of them all, Ps 34:19. We shall never be delivered from all our enemies till we get to heaven; and to that heavenly kingdom God will preserve all that are his, 2Ti 4:18.

III. Those that have received many signal mercies from God ought to give him the glory of them. Every new mercy in our hand should put a new song into our mouth, even praises to our God. Where there is a grateful heart, out of the abundance of that the mouth will speak. David spoke, not only to himself, for his own pleasure, not merely to those about him, for their instruction, but to the Lord, for his honour, the words of this song. Then we sing with grace when we sing to the Lord. In distress he cried with his voice (Ps 142:1), therefore with his voice he gave thanks. Thanksgiving to God is the sweetest vocal music.

IV. We ought to be speedy in our thankful returns to God: In the day that God delivered him he sang this song. While the mercy is fresh, and our devout affections are most excited by it, let the thank-offering be brought, that it may be kindled with the fire of those affections.

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David's Thanksgiving (1020 BC)

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日本語

ダビデの感謝(紀元前1020年)

² 彼は言った。「主は私の岩、私のとりで、私の救出者。
³ 私の岩である神。私は彼に身を避ける。彼は私の盾、私の救いの角、私の高きやぐら、私の避け所、私の救い主。あなたは私を暴力から救われる。
⁴ 私は賛美されるべき主を呼ぶ。こうして私は敵から救われる。
⁵ 死の波が私を囲み、よこしまな者の激流が私を恐れさせた。
⁶ 陰府の縄が私を囲み、死のわなが私に迫った。
⁷ 私は悩みの中で主を呼び、私の神に叫んだ。彼はその宮から私の声を聞かれた。私の叫びがその耳に入った。
⁸ その時、地は揺れ、震えた。天の基が動き、震えた。彼が怒られたからである。
⁹ その鼻から煙が上り、その口から火が devour した。火種がそれによって燃えた。
¹⁰ 彼は天をたわめ、下られた。その足の下に暗やみがあった。
¹¹ 彼はケルブに乗り、飛んだ。風の翼の上に現れた。
¹² 彼は暗やみをその周りの天幕とし、水の暗やみ、空の厚い雲を。
¹³ その前の輝きから火の火種が燃えた。
¹⁴ 主は天から雷をとどろかせ、いと高き方はその声を放たれた。
¹⁵ 彼は矢を放ち、彼らを散らした。いなずまを放ち、彼らを打ち破った。
¹⁶ 主の責めによって、その鼻の息の吹きによって、海の川筋が現れ、世界の基があらわになった。
¹⁷ 彼は上から遣わし、私を取られた。彼は私を多くの水から引き上げられた。
¹⁸ 彼は私を私の強い敵から、私を憎む者たちから救い出された。彼らは私には強すぎたからである。
¹⁹ 彼らは私のわざわいの日に私に先んじた。しかし主は私の支えであった。
²⁰ 彼は私を広い所に連れ出された。彼は私を喜ばれたから、私を救い出された。
²¹ 主は私の義にしたがって私に報いた。私の手のきよめにしたがって私に返した。
²² 私は主の道を守り、悪意をもって私の神から離れなかったからである。
²³ そのすべてのさばつが私の前にあった。そのおきてについては、私はそれらから離れなかった。
²⁴ 私はまた彼の前に正しかった。私は自分の不義から自分を守った。
²⁵ それゆえ主は私の義にしたがって、その目の前の私のきよめにしたがって私に報いた。
²⁶ あなたは恵み深い者には恵み深く、全き人には全くあられる。
²⁷ きよい者にはきく、曲がった者にはねじけた者としてあられる。
²⁸ 悩む民をあなたは救われる。しかし高ぶる者に目を留め、彼らを低くされる。
²⁹ 主よ、あなたは私のともしび。主は私の暗やみを照らされる。
³⁰ あなたによって私は一隊を走り抜けた。私の神によって私は城壁を飛び越えた。
³¹ 神について言えば、その道は完全。主のみことばは練られた。彼は彼に身を避けるすべて者の盾。
³² 主のほかに神はだれか。私たちの神のほかに岩はだれか。
³³ 神は私の力と勢い。彼は私の道を完全にされる。
³⁴ 彼は私の足を雌鹿のようにし、私を高い所に立たせる。
³⁵ 彼は私の手に戦いを教えられる。私の腕で鋼の弓が折れるように。
³⁶ あなたは私にあなたの救いの盾を与えられた。あなたの柔和が私を大いなる者とした。
³⁷ あなたは私の下に私の歩みを広げられた。それで私の足はすべらなかった。
³⁸ 私は敵を追い、これを滅ぼした。これを消し尽くすまで再び帰らなかった。
³⁹ 私は彼らを消し尽くし、彼らを打った。彼らは立ち上がれなかった。彼らは私の足の下に倒れた。
⁴⁰ あなたは私に戦いの力を帯びさせられた。私に立ち向かう者を私の下に服させられた。
⁴¹ あなたは私の敵の首を私に与えられた。私を憎む者を滅ぼすために。
⁴² 彼らは見た。しかし救う者はいなかった。主にすがったが、彼は彼らに答えられなかった。
⁴³ そこで私は彼らを地のちりのように打ち、通りの泥のように踏みつけ、彼らを打ち広げた。
⁴⁴ あなたは私を民の争いから救い出し、私を異邦人のかしらとして保たれた。私の知らない民が私に仕える。
⁴⁵ 異邦人は私に服する。聞くとすぐ、私に従う。
⁴⁶ 異邦人はfade_away_し、その隠れ場から恐れる。
⁴⁷ 主は生きておられる。私の岩はほむべきかな。私の救いの岩である神はあがめられる。
⁴⁸ 私に復讐される神、私の下に民を下される方。
⁴⁹ 私を敵から携え出される方。あなたはまた私に立ち向かう者たちの上に私を高く上げられた。あなたは私を暴力的な者から救い出された。
⁵⁰ それゆえ主よ、私は異邦人の中であなたに感謝し、あなたの御名をほめ歌う。
⁵¹ 彼はその王のために救いのやぐら。その油注がれた者、ダビデとその子孫にとこしえにいつくしみを示される。

この賛美の歌において観察しよう、

I. ダビデがいかに神を礼拝し、その無限の完全性の栄光を帰するか。彼に等しい者はなく、彼と比較され得る者もいない(2Sa 22:32)。主のほかに神はだれか。神として礼拝される他のすべては偽物と僭称者である。頼りにされるべきは彼のみ。私たちの神のほかに岩はだれか。彼らは死んだもの。しかし主は生きておられる(2Sa 22:47)。彼らは最も必要な時に礼拝者を失望させる。しかし神について言えば、その道は完全(2Sa 22:31)。人は親切に始めるが、終わらず。約束するが、果たさない。しかし神はそのわざを終え、そのみことばは練られたもので、信頼できる。

II. 彼がいかにこの神との交わり、神との関係に勝利するか。それを彼から受けたすべての祝福の基礎として置く。彼は私の神。そのように彼は彼に叫び(2Sa 22:7)、彼に堅くつく(2Sa 22:22)。そして、もし私の神であるなら、私の岩(2Sa 22:2)。すなわち「私の力と勢い」(2Sa 22:33)。「私が避難する岩(疲れた地における大いなる岩の影のような者)」、「私が望みを建てる岩」(2Sa 22:3)。何が私の力と支えであれ、それは私の岩である神がそうさせる。いな、彼は私の救いの岩である神(2Sa 22:47)。私の救う力は彼にあり、彼からある。ダビデはしばしば岩に隠れた(1Sa 24:2)が、神は彼の主な隠れ場であった。「彼は私のとりで、その中で私は安全であり、そう思う。私の高きやぐら、すなわち要塞、その中で私は真の悪の届かない所。救いのやぐら(2Sa 22:51)、封鎖も砲撃も掘り崩しもできない。救い自身が私を救う。私は悩みの中にあるか。彼は私の救出者。打たれ、射られるか。彼は私の盾。追われるか。彼は私の避け所。抑圧されるか。彼は私の救い主、私の破滅を求める者の手から私を救い出す。いな、彼は私の救いの角、それによって私は強く守られ、私の敵は強く突き飛ばされる。」キリストはダビデの家における救いの角として語られる(Lu 1:69)。「私は負い、沈みそうか。主は私の支え(2Sa 22:19)、それによって私は支えられる。私は暗やみにあり、夜に、途方に暮れているか。*主よ、あなたは私のともしび。*私の道を示し、私の暗やみを散らされる」(2Sa 22:29)。もしそんじりに主を私たちの神として取るなら、これらすべて、そしてさらに多くのものを、私たちの必要と望みうるすべてを、彼は私たちとなられる。

III. 彼が神との交わりをどのように用いるか。もし彼が私のものなら、1. 私は彼に身を避ける(2Sa 22:3)。すなわち「私は自らをその導きにゆだね、その力と知恵と善良さに頼って、私を良く導く。」2. 私は彼を呼ぶ(2Sa 22:4)。*彼は賛美に値するから。*私たちが神に見出した賛美に値するものは、彼に祈り、栄光を帰するよう私たちを駆り立てるべき。3. 私は彼に感謝する(2Sa 22:50)。しかも公に。彼が異邦人の間にいた時、彼はイスラエルの神への義務を認めることを恐れも恥じもしなかった。

IV. 神が彼のためにした大いなる親切な事について、彼が自らのために、そして他者に与える、完全で広範な説明。これが歌の大部分を占める。彼は救出と成功の両方の栄光を神に帰し、救い出された危険と、高められた力の両方を示す。

1. 彼は神が彼のためになした大いなる救いを magnify する。神は時にその民を非常に大いなる困難と危険の中に入れられる。それによって彼に救う誉れを得させ、彼らに救われる慰めを得させるため。彼は認める。あなたは私を暴力から救われた(2Sa 22:3)、敵から(2Sa 22:4)、私の強い敵から、すなわちサウルから。もし神が彼を助けなかったら、彼には強すぎたであろう(2Sa 22:18)。あなたは私にあなたの救いの盾を与えられた(2Sa 22:36)。救いを magnify するために、彼は観察する、

(1.) 救い出された危険が非常に大きく、脅かすものであったこと。人が彼に立ち向かい(2Sa 22:40,49)、彼を憎んだ(2Sa 22:41)。暴力的な者(2Sa 22:49)、すなわちサウル。彼に対する計画において悪意深く、その追跡において精力的であった。これは比喩的に表現される(2Sa 22:5,6)。彼は四方を死で囲まれ、圧倒される脅しを受け、逃げ道を見なかった。死の波がこれほど激しく彼に打ち寄せ、死の縄とわながこれほど強く彼を捕らえたので、彼は自ら助けることができなかった。墓の中の者のように。ベリアルの激流、悪しき者とその悪い器が彼を恐れさせた。彼は地だけでなく、死と地獄が彼に対して武器を取るのを見て震えた。

(2.) 彼の救いが祈りの答えであったこと(2Sa 22:7)。彼はここに良い模範を残した。悩みの中にある時に、子供が恐れの中で親に叫ぶように、せがんで神に叫ぶように。そして大きな励ましを。彼は天のその宮から祈りに答える準備のある神を見出したから。そこで神は絶えず仕えられ礼拝されている。

(3.) 神が彼のために、そして彼の敵に対して、特異で例外的な仕方で現れたこと。表現はシナイ山への神の威光の降下から借りた(2Sa 22:8,9等)。ダビデの戦いのどれにおいても、神が(サムエルの時のように)雷で、(ヨシュアの時のように)雹で、(デボラの時のように)その軌道にある星々で彼のために戦ったとは見出さない。しかしこれらの高邁な比喩が用いられる。[1.] 彼の救いにおいて現された神の栄光を示すために。ダビデに好都合に現れた神の知恵と力、その善良さと真実、その正義と聖さ、そしてすべての被造物と人のすべてのはかりごとに対するその主権的支配は、信仰の目には、そのような奇跡的な介入が感覚の目に現れるであろうのと同じくらい明るく明白な神の栄光の現れであった。[2.] 神の敵に対する神の不満を示すために。神はこれほど彼の大義を擁護したので、すべての敵に敵としてご自身を示された。その怒りは鼻からの煙、口からの火(2Sa 22:9)、燃えた火種(2Sa 22:13)、矢(2Sa 22:15)で表される。だれがその怒りの力と恐怖を知るか。[3.] 敵の陥った例外的な混乱と、彼らを襲った恐怖を示すために。あたかも地が震え、世界の基があらわになったかのように(2Sa 22:8,16)。神が怒られる時、だれが御前に立ち得ようか。[4.] 神がいかに助ける準備があったかを示すために。彼はケルブに乗り、飛んだ(2Sa 22:11)。神は彼の救援に急ぎ、時宜を得た relief をもって彼に来られた。距離があるように見えたが。しかし彼はご自身を隠す神(Isa 14:15)であった。暗やみをその天幕とされた(2Sa 22:12)から。敵の驚愕とその民の保護のために。

(4.) 神がこれらの救いにおいて彼に特別の恵みと親切を示されたこと(2Sa 22:20)。彼は私を喜ばれたから、私を救い出された。救いは普通の摂理からでなく、契約の愛から来た。彼はここにおいてお気に入りとして扱われた。それをこれらの救いと共に彼のたましいに臨んだ神の恵みと慰めの交わり、そしてその中での神との交わりによって知覚した。ここにおいて彼はキリストの型であった。神は彼を喜まれたから彼を支えられた(Isa 42:1,2)。

2. 彼は神が彼に冠された大いなる成功を magnify する。彼は彼を守っただけでなく繁栄させた。彼は祝福された。(1.) 自由と拡大において。彼は広い所に連れ出され(2Sa 22:20)、そこで栄える余地があり、その歩みはその下に広げられ、動く余地があった(2Sa 22:37)。もはやせばく閉じ込められず。(2.) 軍事の技術と力と速さにおいて。彼は羊飼いの杖に育てられたが、戦いの術によく教えられ、その労苦と危険にふさわしくされた。神が彼にその戦いを戦わせるために召されたので、その奉仕のために彼を資格づけられた。彼を非常に巧妙にされた(彼は私の手に戦いを教えられる、2Sa 22:35)。そしてこの巧妙さは力と同じほど良かった。それに続くから。「私の腕で鋼の弓が折れるように。」主として腕力でなく器用さによって。そして非常に活発で勇敢であった。(あなたは私に戦いの力を帯びさせられた、2Sa 22:40)。彼はそのすべての勇気と奉仕の能力の栄光を神に帰する。そして非常に迅速であった。彼は私の足を雌鹿のように速くされる(2Sa 22:34)。突撃と退却の両方において大いに有利。(3.) 敵に対する勝利において。サウルとアブサロムだけでなく、ペリシテ人、モアブ人、アモン人、アラム人、および他の隣接する国々。彼は彼らを征服し、イスラエルに貢ぐ者とした。その驚くべき勝利がここに描写される(2Sa 22:38-43)。それらは迅速な勝利であり(私はこれらを消し尽くすまで再び帰らなかった、2Sa 22:38)、完全な勝利であった。イスラエルの敵は打たれ、滅ぼされ、消し尽くされ、彼の足の下に倒れ、踏みつけられ、立ち上がる力を奪われ、その首は彼の思いのままに。彼らは地にも天にも助けを求めて叫んだが、無効であった。救う者はいなかった。彼らのために現れる勇気のある者はいなかった。神は彼らに答えなかった。彼らが神の側になく、最後の極限に至るまで神に叫ばなかったから。このように見捨てられて、彼らはダビデの正義で勝利した剣の容易な獲物となった。それで彼は彼らを地のちりのように打った。風に散らされ、すべての足に踏みつけられる。(4.) 誉れと力への昇進において。これに彼はその悩みが始まる前に油注がれ、ついにpost tot discrimina rerum—すべての危険と災難の後、その目的を達した。神は彼の道を完全にされ(2Sa 22:33)、彼のすべての企てにおいて成功を与え、彼をその高い所に立たせ(2Sa 22:34)、安全と威厳の両方を意味する。神の柔和、その恵みと tender mercy が彼を大いなる者とした(2Sa 22:36)。大いなる富、大いなる権威、地の大いなる者たちのような名を与えた。彼は異邦人のかしらとして保たれた(2Sa 22:44)。その顕著な守護は、彼が何か大いなることのために定められ、取って置かれたことを示した。民の争いにもかかわらず全イスラエルの上に治めるために。また彼が知らなかった人々が彼に仕えるように、遠くにある多くの国々が。このように彼は高く上げられた。玉座と同じくらい高く、彼に立ち向かう者たちの上に(2Sa 22:49)。

V. 彼自身の誠実さについての慰めの反映。神はその驚くべき救いによって恵み深くそれを認め、証しされた(2Sa 22:21-25)。彼は特にサウルとイシ・ボシェテ、アブサロムとシェバ、およびその王冠への道に反対したか、王座から引きずり下ろそうとした者々に関するその誠実さを意味する。彼らは彼を偽って告発し、誤って表したが、彼は良心の証しを持って、野心に満ちた向上心の男、偽りで血にまみれた男ではなかった。彼が身を確保し昇るために間接的な不法な手段を取ったことはなく、その全行動において義務の道を守った。そしてその会話の全行程において、主として宗教をその仕事とした。それで神の彼への恵みをその義の報いとして、負債でなく恵みとして取ることができた。神は彼に報いた。その義に対してではない(あたかもそれが神の手から何か価するものかのように)。しかし彼の義にしたがって。それは神が喜び、目を留めた。彼の良心は彼のために証しした。1. 彼は神のことばをその規則とし、それに守った(2Sa 22:23)。どこにいても、神のさばつが導き手としてその前にあった。どこに行っても、その宗教を共に携え、国を離れることを余儀なくされ、あたかも他の神々に仕えるために遣わされたとしても、神のおきてについては離れなかった。主の道を守り、その中を歩んだ。2. 彼は罪の脇道を注意深く避けた。彼は悪意をもって神から離れなかった。いくらかの誤った歩みを取らなかったとは言えないが、神を捨てず、その道を捨てなかった。弱さの罪からは自らを免罪できなかったが、神の恵みが彼を思い上がりの罪から守った。彼は時に弱々しく神から離れた。これによって彼は神の前に、あるいは神に正しかった(その目の前に、そして目を向けて)ことが現れた。彼は自分の不義から自分を守った。特にその手にあった時にサウルを殺すその特定の罪からだけでなく、一般に彼は罪を恐れ、それに対して目を覚まし、言動において良心とした。ウリヤの事は例外(1Ki 15:5)。ヒゼキヤの特徴にあるものと同様(2Ch 32:31)。注意せよ、自らの不義から注意深く遠ざかることは、自らの誠実さの最良の証拠の一つである。そして私たちがそうしたという良心の証しは、悩める状態の悲しみを和らげるだけでなく、繁栄する状態の慰めを増す喜びとなる。ダビデはゴリアテと割礼なきペリシテ人のすべての軍勢の征服以上に、自らの不義に対する勝利をいっそう慰めをもって思い起こした。そしてその誠実さに対する自らの心の証しは、ダビデは万人を打ったと歌う彼らのものよりも、静かではあるが、いっそう甘い音楽であった。大いなる者が良い人であるなら、その善良さはその偉大さよりもはるかにその満足となる。恵みが正しい者に示されるなら、その正しさがそれを甘くし、倍にする。

VI. 神のさらなる恵みについての慰めの望み。彼が振り返るように、前を見る。楽しみをもって。そしてすべての聖徒のために、自らのために、またその子孫のために神が用意しておられる親切を確信する。

1. すべての良い人々のために(2Sa 22:26-28)。神がその正しさにしたがって彼に扱われたように、すべての他の者にもそうする。彼はここに機会を取って、人の子らに対する神の手続きの確立された規則を置く。

(1.) 心の正しい者に良いことをする。私たちが神に対して見出されるように、神は私たちに対して見出される。[1.] 神のあわれみと恵みは、あわれみ深く恵み深い者の喜びとなる。あわれみ深い者さえあわれみを必要とする。そして彼らはそれを得る。[2.] 神の正しさ、その正義と真実は、正しく、忠実な者、神と人に対しての両方の、喜びとなる。[3.] 神のきよさと聖さは、きよく聖い者の喜びとなる。それゆえに彼らはその思い出において感謝する。そして、もしこれらの良い人のうちの誰かが悩む民であれば、彼は救われる。その悩みから、あるいはその中で、その後に。

一方、

(2.) 曲がった道にそれる者を不義を行う者たちと共に導き出すと、彼が別の詩で言うように。曲がった者とは彼は格闘する。そして神が格闘する者は確実に敗北する。*その造り主と争う者にわざわい。*神はご自身に逆らって歩む者に逆らって歩まれ、ご自身に不満な者に不満とされる。高ぶる者については、その目が彼らの上にあり、あたかも彼らを印をつけ、引き下ろすために。神は高ぶる者に抵抗されるから。

2. 自らのために。彼はその征服と王国がさらに広げられることを予見した(2Sa 22:45,46)。彼の勝利と神が彼と共にいるしるしの報告を聞く異邦人の子らさえ、彼への恐れに満たされ、偽りであっても彼に服することを余儀なくされ、彼に従うであろう。彼が持っていた成功を、彼はさらに大いなるものの保証であり手段と見なした。これほど多くの者が打ち負かされた者にだれが立ち向かう勇気を持とうか。このようにダビデの子は征服し、また征服するために進む(Re 6:2)。その福音は勝利してきたが、いっそう勝利するであろう。

3. その子孫のために。彼はそのメシアにいつくしみを示される(2Sa 22:51)。ダビデ自身にだけでなく、その子孫に、とこしえに。ダビデ自身は神の油注がれた者であり、簒奪者でなく、正当に政府に召され、それにふさわしくされた。それゆえ神が彼に、彼もその子孫からも取らないと約束したあわれみ(2Sa 7:15,16)を示すことを疑わなかった。その約束に依存し、キリストに目を向けて。キリストのみが彼のとこしえの子孫であり、その王座と王国は今も続く。終わりまで。ダビデの子孫と系統はずっと前に絶えたのに。Ps 89:28,29を見よ。このように彼のすべての喜びとすべての望みは、私たちのものもそうであるべきだが、大いなる贖い主において終わる。

English original

David's Thanksgiving (1020 BC)

² And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer;
³ The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence.
⁴ I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies.
⁵ When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid;
⁶ The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death prevented me;
⁷ In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry did enter into his ears.
⁸ Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth.
⁹ There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it.
¹⁰ He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under his feet.
¹¹ And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind.
¹² And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies.
¹³ Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled.
¹⁴ The LORD thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice.
¹⁵ And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them.
¹⁶ And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
¹⁷ He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters;
¹⁸ He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated me: for they were too strong for me.
¹⁹ They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my stay.
²⁰ He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, because he delighted in me.
²¹ The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me.
²² For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God.
²³ For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I did not depart from them.
²⁴ I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity.
²⁵ Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight.
²⁶ With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright.
²⁷ With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt shew thyself unsavoury.
²⁸ And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down.
²⁹ For thou art my lamp, O LORD: and the LORD will lighten my darkness.
³⁰ For by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall.
³¹ As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all them that trust in him.
³² For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, save our God?
³³ God is my strength and power: and he maketh my way perfect.
³⁴ He maketh my feet like hinds' feet: and setteth me upon my high places.
³⁵ He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms.
³⁶ Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy gentleness hath made me great.
³⁷ Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip.
³⁸ I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not again until I had consumed them.
³⁹ And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet.
⁴⁰ For thou hast girded me with strength to battle: them that rose up against me hast thou subdued under me.
⁴¹ Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me.
⁴² They looked, but there was none to save; even unto the LORD, but he answered them not.
⁴³ Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.
⁴⁴ Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people, thou hast kept me to be head of the heathen: a people which I knew not shall serve me.
⁴⁵ Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me.
⁴⁶ Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places.
⁴⁷ The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation.
⁴⁸ It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me,
⁴⁹ And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man.
⁵⁰ Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name.
⁵¹ He is the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.

Let us observe, in this song of praise,

I. How David adores God, and gives him the glory of his infinite perfections. There is none like him, nor any to be compared with him (2Sa 22:32): Who is God, save the Lord? All others that are adored as deities are counterfeits and pretenders. None is to be relied on but he. Who is a rock, save our God? They are dead, but the Lord liveth, 2Sa 22:47. They disappoint their worshippers when they most need them. But as for God his way is perfect, 2Sa 22:31. Men begin in kindness, but end not-promise, but perform not; but God will finish his work, and his word is tried, and what we may trust.

II. How he triumphs in the interest he has in this God, and his relation to him, which he lays down as the foundation of all the benefits he has received from him: He is my God; as such he cries to him (2Sa 22:7), and cleaves to him (2Sa 22:22); "and, if my God, then my rock" (2Sa 22:2), that is, "my strength and my power (2Sa 22:33), the rock under which I take shelter (he who is to me as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land), the rock on which I build my hope," 2Sa 22:3. Whatever is my strength and support, it is the God of my rock that makes it so; nay, he is the God of the rock of my salvation (2Sa 22:47): my saving strength is in him and from him. David often hid himself in a rock (1Sa 24:2), but God was his chief hiding-place. "He is my fortress, in which I am safe and think myself so—my high tower, or stronghold, in which I am out of the reach of real evils—the tower of salvation (2Sa 22:51), which can never be sealed nor battered, nor undermined. Salvation itself saves me. Am I in distress? he is my deliverer—struck at, shot at? he is my shield—pursued? he is my refuge—oppressed? he is my saviour, that rescues me out of the hand of those that seek my ruin. Nay, he is the horn of my salvation, by which I am strongly protected, and my enemies are strongly pushed." Christ is spoken of as the horn of salvation in the house of David, Lu 1:69. "Am I burdened, and ready to sink? The Lord is my stay (2Sa 22:19), by whom I am supported. Am I in the dark, benighted, at a loss? Thou art my lamp, O Lord! to show me my way, and thou wilt dispel my darkness," 2Sa 22:29. If we sincerely take the Lord for our God, all this, and much more, he will be to us, all we need and can desire.

III. What improvement he makes of his interest in God. If he be mine, 1. In him will I trust (2Sa 22:3), that is, "I will resign myself to his direction, and then depend upon his power, and wisdom, and goodness, to conduct me well." 2. On him I will call (2Sa 22:4), for he is worthy to be praised. What we have found in God that is worthy to be praised should engage us to pray to him and give glory to him. 3. To him will I give thanks (2Sa 22:50), and that publicly. When he was among the heathen he would neither be afraid nor ashamed to own his obligations to the God of Israel.

IV. The full and large account he keeps for himself, and gives to others, of the great and kind things God had done for him. This takes up most of the song. He gives God the glory both of his deliverances and of his successes, showing both the perils he was delivered from and the power he was advanced to.

1. He magnifies the great salvations God had wrought for him. God sometimes brings his people into very great difficulties and dangers, that he may have the honour of saving them and they the comfort of being saved by him. He owns, Thou hast saved me from violence (2Sa 22:3), from my enemies (2Sa 22:4), from my strong enemy, meaning Saul, who, if God had not succoured him, would have been too hard for him, 2Sa 22:18. Thou hast given me the shield of thy salvation, 2Sa 22:36. To magnify the salvation, he observes,

(1.) That the danger was very great and threatening out of which he was delivered. Men rose up against him (2Sa 22:40,49) that hated him (2Sa 22:41), a violent man (2Sa 22:49) namely, Saul, who was malicious in his designs against him and vigorous in his pursuit. This is expressed figuratively, 2Sa 22:5,6. He was surrounded with death on every side, threatened to be overwhelmed, and saw no way of escape. So violently did the waves of death beat upon him, so strongly did the cords and snares of death hold him, that he could not help himself, any more than a man in the grave can. The floods of Belial, the wicked one, and his wicked instruments, made him afraid; he trembled to see not only earth, but death and hell, in arms against him.

(2.) That his deliverance was an answer to prayer, 2Sa 22:7. He has here left us a good example, when we are in distress, to cry unto God with importunity, as children in a fright cry to their parents; and great encouragement to do so, in that he found God ready to answer prayer out of his temple in heaven, where he is continually served and adored.

(3.) That God appeared in a singular and extraordinary manner for him and against his enemies. The expressions are borrowed from the descent of the divine Majesty upon Mount Sinai, 2Sa 22:8,9, etc. We do not find that in any of David's battles God fought for him with thunder (as in Samuel's time), or with hail (as in Joshua's time), or with the stars in their courses (as in Deborah's time); but these lofty metaphors are used, [1.] To set forth the glory of God, which was manifested in his deliverance. God's wisdom and power, his goodness and faithfulness, his justice and holiness, and his sovereign dominion over all the creatures and all the counsels of men, which appeared in favour of David, were as clear and bright a discovery of God's glory to an eye of faith as such miraculous interpositions would have been to an eye of sense. [2.] To set forth God's displeasure against his enemies, God so espoused his cause that he showed himself an enemy to all his enemies; his anger is set forth by a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth (2Sa 22:9), coals kindled (2Sa 22:13), arrows, 2Sa 22:15. Who knows the power and terror of his wrath? [3.] To set forth the extraordinary confusion which his enemies were put into, and the consternation that seized them; as if the earth had trembled and the foundations of the world had been discovered, 2Sa 22:8,16. Who can stand before God when he is angry? [4.] To show how ready God was to help him: He rode upon a cherub and did fly, 2Sa 22:11. God hastened to his succour, and came to him with seasonable relief, though he had seemed at a distance; yet he was a God hiding himself (Isa 14:15), for he made darkness his pavilion (2Sa 22:12), for the amazement of his enemies and the protection of his own people.

(4.) That God manifested his particular favour and kindness to him in these deliverances (2Sa 22:20): He delivered me, because he delighted in me. The deliverance came not from common providence, but covenant-love; he was herein treated as a favourite: so he perceived by the communications of divine grace and comfort to his soul with these deliverances, and the communion he had with God in them. Herein he was a type of Christ, whom God upheld because he delighted in him, Isa 42:1,2.

2. He magnifies the great successes God had crowned him with. He had not only preserved but prospered him. He was blessed, (1.) With liberty and enlargement. He was brought into a large place (2Sa 22:20), where he had room to thrive, and his steps were enlarged under him, so that he had room to stir (2Sa 22:37), being no longer straitened and confined. (2.) With military skill, and strength, and swiftness. Though he was bred up to the crook, he was well instructed in the arts of war and qualified for the toils and perils of it. God, having called him to fight his battles, qualified him for the service. He made him very ingenious (He teacheth my hands to war, 2Sa 22:35. And this ingenuity was as good as strength, for it follows, "so that a bow of steel is broken by my arms," not so much by main force as by dexterity), and very vigorous and valiant. (Thou hast girded me with strength to battle, 2Sa 22:40. He gives God the glory of all his courage and ability for service), and very expeditious: He maketh my feet swift like hinds feet (2Sa 22:34), which is of great advantage both in charging and retreating. (3.) With victory over his enemies, not only Saul and Absalom, but the Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites, Syrians, and other neighbouring nations, whom he subdued and made tributaries to Israel. His wonderful victories are here described, 2Sa 22:38-43. They were speedy victories (I turned not again till I had consumed them, 2Sa 22:38) and complete victories. The enemies of Israel were wounded, destroyed, consumed, fell under his feet, trampled upon, and disabled to rise, and their necks lay at his mercy. They cried both to earth and heaven for help, but in vain. There was none to save, none that durst appear for them. God answered them, not for they were not on his side, nor did they cry unto him till they were brought to the last extremity. Being thus abandoned, they became an easy prey to David's righteous and victorious sword, so that he beat them as small as the dust of the earth, which is scattered by the wind and trodden on by every foot. (4.) With advancement to honour and power. To this he was anointed before his troubles began, and at length, post tot discrimina rerum—after all his dangers and disasters, he gained his point. God made his way perfect (2Sa 22:33), gave him success in all his undertakings, set him upon his high places (2Sa 22:34), denoting both safety and dignity. God's gentleness, his grace and tender mercy, made him great (2Sa 22:36), gave him great wealth, and great authority, and a name like that of the great men of the earth. He was kept to be the head of the heathen (2Sa 22:44); his signal preservations evinced that he was designed and reserved for something great—to rule over all Israel, notwithstanding the strivings of the people, and so that those whom he had not known should serve him, many of the nations that lay remote. Thus he was lifted up on high, as high as the throne, above those that rose up against him, 2Sa 22:49.

V. The comfortable reflections he makes upon his own integrity, which God, by those wonderful deliverances, had graciously owned and witnessed to, 2Sa 22:21-25. He means especially his integrity with reference to Saul and Ishbosheth, Absalom and Sheba, and those who either opposed his coming to the crown or endeavoured to dethrone him. They falsely accused him and misrepresented him, but he had the testimony of this conscience for him that he was not an ambitious aspiring man, a false and bloody man, as they called him,—that he had never taken any indirect unlawful courses to secure or raise himself, but in his whole conduct had kept in the way of his duty,—and that in the whole course of his conversation he had, for the main, made religion his business, so that he could take God's favours to him as the rewards of his righteousness, not of debt, but of grace. God had recompensed him, though not for his righteousness, as if that had merited any thing at the hand of God, yet according to his righteousness, which he was well pleased with, and had an eye to. His conscience witnessed for him, 1. That he had made the word of God his rule, and had kept to it, 2Sa 22:23. Wherever he was, God's judgments were before him as his guide; whithersoever he went, he took his religion along with him, and though he was forced to depart from his country, and sent, as it were, to serve other gods, yet as for God's statutes, he did not depart from them, but kept the way of the Lord and walked in it. 2. That he had carefully avoided the bye-paths of sin. He had not wickedly departed from his God. He could not say but that he had taken some false steps, but he had not deserted God, nor forsaken his way. Sins of infirmity he could not acquit himself from, but the grace of God had kept him from presumptuous sins. Though he had sometimes weakly departed from his God. By this it appeared that he was upright before God, or to God (in his sight, and with an eye to him), that he kept himself from his own iniquity, not only from that particular sin of killing Saul when it was in the power of his hand to do it, but, in general, he was afraid of sin and watchful against it, and made conscience of what he said and did. The matter of Uriah is an exception (1Ki 15:5), like that in Hezekiah's character, 2Ch 32:31. Note, A careful abstaining from our own iniquity is one of the best evidences of our own integrity; and the testimony of our conscience for us that we have done so will be such a rejoicing as will not only lessen the griefs of an afflicted state, but increase the comforts of a prosperous state. David reflected with more comfort upon his victories over his own iniquity than upon his conquest of Goliath and all the hosts of the uncircumcised Philistines; and the witness of his own heart to his uprightness was sweeter though more silent music than theirs that sang, David has slain his ten thousands. If a great man be a good man, his goodness will be much more his satisfaction than his greatness. Let favour be shown to the upright and his uprightness will sweeten it, will double it.

VI. The comfortable prospects he has of God's further favour. As he looks back, so he looks forward, with pleasure, and assures himself of the kindness God has in store for all the saints, for himself, and also for his seed.

1. For all good people, 2Sa 22:26-28. As God had dealt with him according to his uprightness, so he will with all others. He takes occasion here to lay down the established rules of God's procedure with the children of men:—

(1.) That he will do good to those that are upright in their hearts. As we are found towards God, he will be found towards us. [1.] God's mercy and grace will be the joy of those that are merciful and gracious. Even the merciful need mercy; and they shall obtain it. [2.] God's uprightness, his justice and faithfulness, will be the joy of those that are upright, just, and faithful, both towards God and man. [3.] God's purity and holiness will be the joy of those that are pure and holy, who therefore give thanks at the remembrance thereof. And, if any of these good people be afflicted people, he will save them, either out of their afflictions or by and after them. On the other hand,

(2.) That those who turn aside to crooked ways he will lead forth with the workers of iniquity, as he says in another psalm. With the froward he will wrestle; and those with whom God wrestles are sure to be foiled. Woe unto him that strives with his Maker! God will walk contrary to those that walk contrary to him and be displeased with those that are displeased with him. As for the haughty, his eyes are upon them, marking them out, as it were, to be brought down; for he resists the proud.

2. For himself. He foresaw that his conquests and kingdom would be yet further enlarged, 2Sa 22:45,46. Even the sons of the stranger, that would hear the report of his victories and the tokens of God's presence with him, would be possessed with a fear of him, would be forced to submit to him, though feignedly, and would be obedient to him. The successes which he had had he looked upon as earnests of more and means of more. Who durst oppose him by whom so many had been overcome? Thus the Son of David goes on conquering and to conquer, Re 6:2. His gospel, which has been victorious, shall be so more and more.

3. For his seed: He showeth mercy to his Messiah (2Sa 22:51), not only to David himself, but to that seed of his for evermore. David was himself anointed of God, not a usurper, but duly called to the government and qualified for it; therefore he doubted not but God would show mercy to him, that mercy which he had promised not to take from him nor from his posterity (2Sa 7:15,16); on that promise he depends, with an eye to Christ, who alone is his seed for evermore, whose throne and kingdom still continue, and will to the end, whereas the seed and lineage of David are long since extinct. See Ps 89:28,29. Thus all his joys and all his hopes terminate, as ours should, in the great Redeemer.