Comentario del capítulo
Exodus Capítulo 21
1
Ex 21:1-6.
繁體中文
Original en inglés
Ex 21:1-6.
LAWS FOR MENSERVANTS.
1. judgments--rules for regulating the procedure of judges and magistrates in the decision of cases and the trial of criminals. The government of the Israelites being a theocracy, those public authorities were the servants of the Divine Sovereign, and subject to His direction. Most of these laws here noticed were primitive usages, founded on principles of natural equity, and incorporated, with modifications and improvements, in the Mosaic code.
2
Sin título
繁體中文
2-6. 你若買希伯來人作奴僕——每一個以色列人都是生而自由的；但奴隸制在若干限制下是獲准的。希伯來人可因貧窮、負債或犯罪而淪為奴隸；但六年期滿，他有權得自由，其妻若自願與他同受奴役的狀態，也同獲釋放。然而他若娶的是女奴，則在丈夫獲釋之後，她和兒女仍為主人的產業；他若因眷戀家室而情願放棄其權利、維持現狀，便須經公開法庭的正式程序，在其耳上烙下奴僕的印記
（詩 40:6），
終身為奴，至少直到禧年
（申 15:17）。
Original en inglés
2-6. If thou buy an Hebrew servant--Every Israelite was free-born; but slavery was permitted under certain restrictions. An Hebrew might be made a slave through poverty, debt, or crime; but at the end of six years he was entitled to freedom, and his wife, if she had voluntarily shared his state of bondage, also obtained release. Should he, however, have married a female slave, she and the children, after the husband's liberation, remained the master's property; and if, through attachment to his family, the Hebrew chose to forfeit his privilege and abide as he was, a formal process was gone through in a public court, and a brand of servitude stamped on his ear
(Ps 40:6)
for life, or at least till the Jubilee
(De 15:17).
7
Ex 21:7-36.
繁體中文
Ex 21:7-36.
有關使女的律例。
7-11. 人若賣女兒作使女——希伯來女孩可以合理的價銀贖回。但若其父母或親友無力付出贖金，她的主人也不可隨意將她賣到別處。她若已許配給主人或其兒子、而任何一方改變心意，便必須按其為其未婚妻的身分為她提供適當的供養，或立即賜她自由。
Original en inglés
Ex 21:7-36.
LAWS FOR MAIDSERVANTS.
7-11. if a man sell his daughter--Hebrew girls might be redeemed for a reasonable sum. But in the event of her parents or friends being unable to pay the redemption money, her owner was not at liberty to sell her elsewhere. Should she have been betrothed to him or his son, and either change their minds, a maintenance must be provided for her suitable to her condition as his intended wife, or her freedom instantly granted.
23
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23-25. 以眼還眼——授權報復（一切原始民族所奉行的原則）的律法是一項民事律法。它是為規範公共裁判官在裁定每一傷害案件中賠償數額時的程序而賜的，並不鼓勵私人報復之情緒。然而後來的猶太人誤將其當作道德誡命，因而被主所糾正
（太 5:38-42）。
Original en inglés
23-25. eye for eye--The law which authorized retaliation (a principle acted upon by all primitive people) was a civil one. It was given to regulate the procedure of the public magistrate in determining the amount of compensation in every case of injury, but did not encourage feelings of private revenge. The later Jews, however, mistook it for a moral precept, and were corrected by our Lord
(Mt 5:38-42).
28
Sin título
繁體中文
28-36. 牛若觸死男人或是女人——為使人的血視為聖潔，並使人將一切涉及性命的傷害以嚴肅的眼光看待，凡造成死亡的動物，必須被處死，或按其所造成的損害程度受相應的刑罰。波斯及東方其他國家至今仍按此原則施行懲處；對於一個粗野的民族而言，這樣作比懲罰主人更能激發人小心謹慎，使人將危險的牲畜約束受管。
Original en inglés
28-36. If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die--For the purpose of sanctifying human blood, and representing all injuries affecting life in a serious light, an animal that occasioned death was to be killed or suffer punishment proportioned to the degree of damage it had caused. Punishments are still inflicted on this principle in Persia and other countries of the East; and among a rude people greater effect is thus produced in inspiring caution, and making them keep noxious animals under restraint, than a penalty imposed on the owners.
30
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繁體中文
30. 若罰他贖命的價銀等語——血金在阿拉伯人中頗為通行，昔日並普遍行於東方各國。這是摩西律法中惟一明文允許以金錢賠償代替死刑的案例。
Original en inglés
30. If there be laid on him a sum of money, &c.--Blood fines are common among the Arabs as they were once general throughout the East. This is the only case where a money compensation, instead of capital punishment, was expressly allowed in the Mosaic law.
Ex 21:1-6.
有關男僕的律例。
1. 典章——規範審判官與官長在裁決案件和審訊罪犯時程序的規則。以色列人的政體是神權政體，這些公共權威都是神聖君王的僕人，須受其指示管轄。此處所記的律法，大多數是遠古的習慣，奠基於自然公平的原則之上，經修改與改良後被納入摩西的律典。