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Exodus Capítulo 30
1
Ex 30:1-38.
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Original en inglés
Ex 30:1-38.
THE ALTAR OF INCENSE.
1. thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon, &c.--Its material was to be like that of the ark of the testimony, but its dimensions very small
[Ex 25:10].
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2-4. 四四方方——其意並非說它完全是立方形，而是它的上面與底面都呈現四個相等的邊。它的高為其寬的兩倍——寬二十一英吋，高三英呎六英吋。它有「角」；其頂部即平坦的表面有裝飾性的凸緣或邊圈，稱為冠冕；其兩側裝有可供抬舉的環子。它惟一隨附的器具是一個金的香爐或盤子，香便在其中於壇上點燃。因此它被稱為香壇，或「金壇」
〔Ex 39:38；40:26〕，
因它大量鍍金或包以這貴重金屬。這輝煌是為適應教會的早期；但在後來的時代，當敬拜要更屬靈時，香壇在預言中被描述為不是金的、而是木的，並且比會幕中的大一倍，因為教會將大大擴展
（瑪 1:11）。
Original en inglés
2-4. foursquare--the meaning of which is not that it was to be entirely of a cubical form, but that upon its upper and under surface, it showed four equal sides. It was twice as high as it was broad, being twenty-one inches broad and three feet six inches high. It had "horns"; its top or flat surface was surmounted by an ornamental ledge or rim, called a crown, and it was furnished at the sides with rings for carriage. Its only accompanying piece of furniture was a golden censer or pan, in which the incense was set fire to upon the altar. Hence it was called the altar of incense, or the "golden altar"
[Ex 39:38; 40:26],
from the profuse degree in which it was gilded or overlaid with the precious metal. This splendor was adapted to the early age of the church, but in later times, when the worship was to be more spiritual, the altar of incense is prophetically described as not of gold but of wood, and double the size of that in the tabernacle, because the church should be vastly extended
(Mal 1:11).
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6. 要放在見證櫃前的幔子外——這幔子將聖所與至聖所隔開。壇位於陳設餅桌子與靠近至聖所的金燈臺之間的正中，距南北兩牆等距；換言之，它位於大隔斷幔子外的一處，卻正對著幔子內的施恩座；因此，雖然在這壇前事奉的祭司不能看見施恩座，卻要朝著它，向那個方向獻上香。這是一項特別的安排，旨在教導一個重要的功課：雖然我們不能用感官的眼看見施恩寶座，卻必須「憑信心仰望、向它禱告」
〔詩 5:3〕
（比較 林後 3:14；來 10:20；啟 4:1）。
Original en inglés
6. thou shalt put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony--which separated the holy from the most holy place. The altar was in the middle between the table of showbread and the candlestick next the holy of holies, at equal distances from the north and south walls; in other words, it occupied a spot on the outside of the great partition veil, but directly in front of the mercy seat, which was within that sacred enclosure; so that although the priest who ministered at this altar could not behold the mercy seat, he was to look towards it, and present his incense in that direction. This was a special arrangement, and it was designed to teach the important lesson that, though we cannot with the eye of sense, see the throne of grace, we must "direct our prayer to it and look up"
[Ps 5:3]
(compare
2Co 3:14; Heb 10:20; Re 4:1).
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7, 8. 亞倫在壇上要燒馨香料做的香——直譯「香料的香」——在這壇上焚燒濃郁芳香的物質，以香氣對抗祭牲那令人不悅的煙味；或這香是用作東方人對君王所獻的進貢之敬，作為尊榮的記號；而上帝既是以色列的神權統治者，祂的宮殿也不可缺乏這意義重大的慣例。這壇同時服務兩個目的——一方面為神聖建築的房間熏香，而純淨明亮的火焰按東方人的觀念，是對以色列君王尊嚴的尊榮貢品。但其中還有更高的含義；因為會幕不僅是以色列君王的宮殿，更是以色列上帝敬拜之所，這壇與宗教目的直接相連。在聖經作者的筆法中，香是禱告的象徵或表號
（詩 141:2；啟 5:8；8:3）。
從這兩項事奉恆常的配合可見，香是真誠敬拜者的禱告在香雲中升上天的表號；因此，在這壇前事奉的祭司預表了基督代求的職任
（路 1:10；來 7:25）。
每早晚——在國家歷史的每一個時期，這每日的敬拜都嚴格地被遵守。
Original en inglés
7, 8. Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense--literally, "incense of spices"--Strong aromatic substances were burnt upon this altar to counteract by their odoriferous fragrance the offensive fumes of the sacrifices; or the incense was employed in an offering of tributary homage which the Orientals used to make as a mark of honor to kings; and as God was Theocratic Ruler of Israel, His palace was not to be wanting in a usage of such significancy. Both these ends were served by this altar--that of fumigating the apartments of the sacred edifice, while the pure lambent flame, according to Oriental notions, was an honorary tribute to the majesty of Israel's King. But there was a far higher meaning in it still; for as the tabernacle was not only a palace for Israel's King, but a place of worship for Israel's God, this altar was immediately connected with a religious purpose. In the style of the sacred writers, incense was a symbol or emblem of prayer
(Ps 141:2; Re 5:8; 8:3).
From the uniform combination of the two services, it is evident that the incense was an emblem of the prayers of sincere worshippers ascending to heaven in the cloud of perfume; and, accordingly, the priest who officiated at this altar typified the intercessory office of Christ
(Lu 1:10; Heb 7:25).
every morning . . . at even--In every period of the national history this daily worship was scrupulously observed.
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8. 亞倫要燒香——似乎將在香壇事奉的特權僅限於大祭司；無疑地，在重大的宗教節期，他和他的繼承者獨家在此壇前事奉。但「亞倫」一名常用以代表整個祭司的等次；在後來的時代，任何祭司都可輪流在此壇前事奉
（路 1:9）。
Original en inglés
8. Aaron shall burn incense--seemingly limiting the privilege of officiating at the altar of incense to the high priest alone, and there is no doubt that he and his successors exclusively attended this altar on the great religious festivals. But "Aaron" is frequently used for the whole priestly order, and in later times, any of the priests might have officiated at this altar in rotation
(Lu 1:9).
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繁體中文
9. 不可在壇上奉上異樣的香——即成分與那仔細描述其配料的香不同的。
Original en inglés
9. Ye shall offer no strange incense--that is, of a different composition from that of which the ingredients are described so minutely.
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11-16. 你數點以色列人的時候等語——摩西如此行了兩次，無疑也遵行了此處所規定的律法。這稅不向婦女、未成年者、老人
（民 1:42, 45）
及利未人
（民 1:47）
征收，因為他們不被數點。假設聖所的舍客勒約為半金衡英両——雖然其詳情無確考——每人當繳的數目約為兩先令四便士。這不是一項自願的捐獻，而是為百姓的靈魂或生命所付的贖價。它要求一切階層同等繳納，拒絕繳付意味著故意排除於聖所的特權之外，並暴露在上帝的審判之下。這可能就是向我主所征收的同一稅款
（太 17:24-27）， 通常用於修繕及其他與聖所事奉有關的用途。
Original en inglés
11-16. When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel, &c.--Moses did so twice, and doubtless observed the law here prescribed. The tax was not levied from women, minors, old men
(Nu 1:42, 45),
and the Levites
(Nu 1:47),
they being not numbered. Assuming the shekel of the sanctuary to be about half an ounce troy, though nothing certain is known about it, the sum payable by each individual was two and four pence. This was not a voluntary contribution, but a ransom for the soul or lives of the people. It was required from all classes alike, and a refusal to pay implied a wilful exclusion from the privileges of the sanctuary, as well as exposure to divine judgments. It was probably the same impost that was exacted from our Lord
(Mt 17:24-27),
and it was usually devoted to repairs and other purposes connected with the services of the sanctuary.
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18-21. 你要做一個銅洗濯盆——雖然這器皿實際上並非會幕家具的組成部分，卻與之密切相連；雖然因放在入口而成為常見之物，卻因其所應用的洗滌目的而具有極大的意義和重要性。沒有給出可據以確定其形式與大小的資料；但它大概是所羅門洗濯盆的縮小版——一個圓形的水盆。
盆座——被認為不是它所安放的座，而是下方的一個槽或淺盆，水從龍頭或噴嘴流出時注入其中；因為東方人洗手或洗腳的方式是將水澆在其上、水落在盆中。這洗濯盆只供祭司使用。但在基督的安排中，一切信徒都是祭司，因此使徒勸勉他們當如何親近上帝
（約 13:10；來 10:22）。
Original en inglés
18-21. Thou shalt . . . make a laver of brass--Though not actually forming a component part of the furniture of the tabernacle, this vase was closely connected with it; and though from standing at the entrance it would be a familiar object, it possessed great interest and importance from the baptismal purposes to which it was applied. No data are given by which its form and size can be ascertained; but it was probably a miniature pattern of Solomon's--a circular basin.
his foot--supposed not to be the pedestal on which it rested, but a trough or shallow receptacle below, into which the water, let out from a cock or spout, flowed; for the way in which all Eastern people wash their hands or feet is by pouring upon them the water which falls into a basin. This laver was provided for the priests alone. But in the Christian dispensation, all believers are priests, and hence the apostle exhorts them how to draw near to God
(Joh 13:10; Heb 10:22).
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23-33. 你要取……上品的香料等語——油在聖經中屢被提及為成聖的象徵，膏油是將物件與人分別為聖歸於上帝事奉的手段。此處由上帝權威所規定，並描述了用以膏抹會幕家具的聖油之各種成分及其比例。
沒藥——一種芬芳而有藥性的樹膠，來自阿拉伯一種鮮為人知的樹。
香肉桂——產自一種樟或香月桂，主要見於錫蘭，高達二十英呎：這香料取自內樹皮，但摩西所提及的是否與我們所熟悉的相同，不能確定。
香菖蒲——或香草，為阿拉伯與印度所產，外觀呈褐色；類似普通的甘蔗，氣味濃郁芬芳。
Original en inglés
23-33. Take thou also . . . principal spices, &c.--Oil is frequently mentioned in Scripture as an emblem of sanctification, and anointing with it a means of designating objects as well as persons to the service of God. Here it is prescribed by divine authority, and the various ingredients in their several proportions described which were to compose the oil used in consecrating the furniture of the tabernacle.
myrrh--a fragrant and medicinal gum from a little known tree in Arabia.
sweet cinnamon--produced from a species of laurel or sweet bay, found chiefly in Ceylon, growing to a height of twenty feet: this spice is extracted from the inner bark, but it is not certain whether that mentioned by Moses is the same as that with which we are familiar.
sweet calamus--or sweet cane, a product of Arabia and India, of a tawny color in appearance; it is like the common cane and strongly odoriferous.
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24. 桂皮——取自與肉桂同類的樹種；有人認為是該樹的外皮。上述各樣香料合計，依金衡制約重一百二十磅。
欣——源於埃及語的詞，合十品脫。這些香料與橄欖油——無疑是最純淨的一種——調和之後，這調合物大概始終保持液態；並且對於將它用於膏抹會幕及其器具以外的任何用途，頒布了最嚴厲的禁令。
Original en inglés
24. cassia--from the same species of tree as the cinnamon--some think the outer bark of that tree. All these together would amount to one hundred twenty pounds, troy weight.
hin--a word of Egyptian origin, equal to ten pints. Being mixed with the olive oil--no doubt of the purest kind--this composition probably remained always in a liquid state, and the strictest prohibition issued against using it for any other purpose than anointing the tabernacle and its furniture.
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34-38. 耶和華對摩西說：你要取香料——即：
拿他弗——最上等的沒藥；
施喜列——據推測是一種有香氣的貝殼；
喜利比拿——一種取自繖形科植物的樹膠脂；
乳香——一種黃色的乾燥芳香樹膠，產自阿拉伯的一種樹，是割破樹皮而得。這香要放在聖所內，以便祭司在壇上焚燒時取用。調製香膏與香料的技藝在埃及頗為發達，香料不僅廣泛用於日常生活，也用於廟宇的禮儀之中。此處所提的多數成分，在仔細檢驗木乃伊及其他埃及文物時均有發現；因此以色列人在那地有最好的機會學習搗碎、調配香料的技巧，以應會幕事奉之需。然而這香和會幕中之油的配方，雖然可從埃及的習俗得到說明，卻是獨特的；既由上帝的權威所規定，便不可用於任何普通或卑下的用途。
Original en inglés
34-38. the Lord said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices--These were:
stacte--the finest myrrh;
onycha--supposed to be an odoriferous shell;
galbanum--a gum resin from an umbelliferous plant.
frankincense--a dry, resinous, aromatic gum, of a yellow color, which comes from a tree in Arabia, and is obtained by incision of the bark. This incense was placed within the sanctuary, to be at hand when the priest required to burn on the altar. The art of compounding unguents and perfumes was well known in Egypt, where sweet-scented spices were extensively used not only in common life, but in the ritual of the temples. Most of the ingredients here mentioned have been found on minute examination of mummies and other Egyptian relics; and the Israelites, therefore, would have the best opportunities of acquiring in that country the skill in pounding and mixing them which they were called to exercise in the service of the tabernacle. But the recipe for the incense as well as for the oil in the tabernacle, though it receives illustration from the customs of Egypt, was peculiar, and being prescribed by divine authority, was to be applied to no common or inferior purpose.
Ex 30:1-38.
香壇。
1. 你要用皂莢木做一座燒香的壇等語——其材料當與法櫃相同，但尺寸甚小
〔Ex 25:10〕。