Comentario del capítulo
Isaiah Capítulo 50
1
Isa 50:1-11.
繁體中文
Original en inglés
Isa 50:1-11.
THE JUDGMENTS ON ISRAEL WERE PROVOKED BY THEIR CRIMES, YET THEY ARE NOT FINALLY CAST OFF BY GOD.
1. Where . . . mothers divorcement--Zion is "the mother"; the Jews are the children; and God the Husband and Father
(Isa 54:5; 62:5; Jer 3:14).
GESENIUS thinks that God means by the question to deny that He had given "a bill of divorcement" to her, as was often done on slight pretexts by a husband
(De 24:1),
or that He had "sold" His and her "children," as a poor parent sometimes did
(Ex 21:7; 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:5)
under pressure of his "creditors"; that it was they who sold themselves through their own sins. MAURER explains, "Show the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom . . . ; produce the creditors to whom ye have been sold; so it will be seen that it was not from any caprice of Mine, but through your own fault, your mother has been put away, and you sold"
(Isa 52:3).
HORSLEY best explains (as the antithesis between "I" and "yourselves" shows, though LOWTH translates, "Ye are sold") I have never given your mother a regular bill of divorcement; I have merely "put her away" for a time, and can, therefore, by right as her husband still take her back on her submission; I have not made you, the children, over to any "creditor" to satisfy a debt; I therefore still have the right of a father over you, and can take you back on repentance, though as rebellious children you have sold yourselves to sin and its penalty
(1Ki 21:25).
bill . . . whom--rather, "the bill with which I have put her away" [MAURER].
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2. I——彌賽亞。
no man——願意信服並順從我的
(Isa 52:1, 3).
同一位神聖位格在舊約中曾藉先知「來到」（向他們呼籲卻徒然，
Jer 7:25, 26），
祂也將在新約之下來到。
hand shortened——東方以之為軟弱的象徵，正如伸出的長手為能力的象徵
(Isa 59:1).
儘管你們有罪，我仍能從你們的被擄與分散中「救贖」你們。
dry up . . . sea——
(Ex 14:21).
第二次出埃及在奇事上將超越第一次，同時也與之相似
(Isa 11:11, 15; 51:15).
make . . . rivers . . . wilderness——將以色列仇敵的昌盛轉為逆境。
fish stinketh——正是第一次出埃及時加於埃及仇敵的同一審判
(Ex 7:18, 21).
Original en inglés
2. I--Messiah.
no man--willing to believe in and obey Me
(Isa 52:1, 3).
The same Divine Person had "come" by His prophets in the Old Testament (appealing to them, but in vain,
Jer 7:25, 26),
who was about to come under the New Testament.
hand shortened--the Oriental emblem of weakness, as the long stretched-out hand is of power
(Isa 59:1).
Notwithstanding your sins, I can still "redeem" you from your bondage and dispersion.
dry up . . . sea--
(Ex 14:21).
The second exodus shall exceed, while it resembles in wonders, the first
(Isa 11:11, 15; 51:15).
make . . . rivers . . . wilderness--turn the prosperity of Israel's foes into adversity.
fish stinketh--the very judgment inflicted on their Egyptian enemies at the first exodus
(Ex 7:18, 21).
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3. heavens . . . blackness——昔日降於埃及的災之一，將來也必重複降於神子民的最後仇敵身上
(Ex 10:21).
sackcloth——
(Re 6:12).
Original en inglés
3. heavens . . . blackness--another of the judgments on Egypt to be repeated hereafter on the last enemy of God's people
(Ex 10:21).
sackcloth--
(Re 6:12).
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4. 彌賽亞作為「耶和華的僕人」
(Isa 42:1),
宣告祂已受託以「合宜的話」鼓勵「疲倦的」以色列被擄者；無論這要使祂自己付上何等代價，祂都不退縮
(Isa 50:5, 6),
因為祂知道祂的事業終必得勝
(Isa 50:7, 8).
learned——非指單純的人間學問，而是指出於神教導的教導方式與口才
(Isa 49:2;
Ex 4:11;
Mt 7:28, 29; 13:54).
speak a word in season——
(Pr 15:23; 25:11).
字面作「以言語扶助」，即在需要之時，扶助「疲倦的」分散的以色列人
(De 28:65-67).
也包括屬靈上「疲倦」的人
(Isa 42:3;
Mt 11:28).
wakeneth morning by morning, 等等——比較「每日早晨起來」
(Jer 7:25;
Mr 1:35).
這意象取自師傅清早喚醒學生以施教。
wakeneth . . . ear——預備我領受祂的教訓。
as the learned——如同受教於祂的人。祂「學了順從」—— experientially（在經歷中）——「從所受的苦難」；如此獲得了那使祂能向受苦之人「講合宜的話」的實際學習
(Heb 5:8).
Original en inglés
4. Messiah, as "the servant of Jehovah"
(Isa 42:1),
declares that the office has been assigned to Him of encouraging the "weary" exiles of Israel by "words in season" suited to their case; and that, whatever suffering it is to cost Himself, He does not shrink from it
(Isa 50:5, 6),
for that He knows His cause will triumph at last
(Isa 50:7, 8).
learned--not in mere human learning, but in divinely taught modes of instruction and eloquence
(Isa 49:2; Ex 4:11; Mt 7:28, 29; 13:54).
speak a word in season--
(Pr 15:23; 25:11).
Literally, "to succor by words," namely, in their season of need, the "weary" dispersed ones of Israel
(De 28:65-67).
Also, the spiritual "weary"
(Isa 42:3; Mt 11:28).
wakeneth morning by morning, &c.--Compare "daily rising up early"
(Jer 7:25; Mr 1:35).
The image is drawn from a master wakening his pupils early for instruction.
wakeneth . . . ear--prepares me for receiving His divine instructions.
as the learned--as one taught by Him. He "learned obedience," experimentally, "by the things which He suffered"; thus gaining that practical learning which adapted Him for "speaking a word in season" to suffering men
(Heb 5:8).
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5. opened . . . ear——（見
Isa 42:20;
Isa 48:8
的註解。）即使我順服地留心（但 MAURER 作「將我的本分指示我」），如僕人對主人一般（比較
Ps
40:6-8,
與 Php 2:7;
Isa 42:1; 49:3, 6; 52:13; 53:11;
Mt 20:28;
Lu 22:27).
not rebellious——而是極其樂意遵行父的旨意，以宣告並成就人的救恩，即使代價是自己的受苦
(Heb 10:5-10).
Original en inglés
5. opened . . . ear--(See on
Isa 42:20;
Isa 48:8);
that is, hath made me obediently attentive (but MAURER, "hath informed me of my duty"), as a servant to his master (compare
Ps 40:6-8, with Php 2:7; Isa 42:1; 49:3, 6; 52:13; 53:11; Mt 20:28; Lu 22:27).
not rebellious--but, on the contrary, most willing to do the Father's will in proclaiming and procuring salvation for man, at the cost of His own sufferings
(Heb 10:5-10).
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6. smiters——以鞭子和手掌擊打
(Isa 52:14;
Mr 14:65).
按字面應驗
(Mt 27:26; 26:27;
Lu 18:33).
「拔鬍鬚」是對東方人最大的侮辱
(2Sa 10:4;
La 3:30).
「我給」暗示祂受苦的自願性；祂的榜樣與祂的教訓相符
(Mt 5:39).
spitting——在東方，當面吐唾沫已是侮辱，吐在人身上更甚，吐在臉上最甚
(Job 30:10;
Mt 27:30;
Lu 18:32).
Original en inglés
6. smiters--with scourges and with the open hand
(Isa 52:14; Mr 14:65).
Literally fulfilled
(Mt 27:26; 26:27; Lu 18:33).
To "pluck the hair" is the highest insult that can be offered an Oriental
(2Sa 10:4; La 3:30).
"I gave" implies the voluntary nature of His sufferings; His example corresponds to His precept
(Mt 5:39).
spitting--To spit in another's presence is an insult in the East, much more on one; most of all in the face
(Job 30:10; Mt 27:30; Lu 18:32).
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7. 祂「不灰心」的例證
(Isa 42:4; 49:5).
set . . . face like . . . flint——堅定地立定心意，不因羞辱或苦難而從我愛的工作中退縮
(Eze 3:8, 9).
Original en inglés
7. Sample of His not being "discouraged"
(Isa 42:4; 49:5).
set . . . face like . . . flint--set Myself resolutely, not to be daunted from My work of love by shame or suffering
(Eze 3:8, 9).
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繁體中文
8.
(Isa 49:4)。
信徒因著與基督聯合為一，也可以使用同樣的話語
(Ps 138:8; Ro 8:32-34)。
但「稱義」在祂的情形，是神因著祂自己的義而在司法上悅納祂、為祂伸雪
(Lu 23:44-47; Ro 1:4; 1Ti 3:16，
與此比較
1Pe 3:18)；
而在他們的情形，則是因著祂的義與有功勞的死歸算給他們
(Ro 5:19)。
stand together——在審判中站立，以辨明結果。
adversary——字面意思是「我案件的主」，即對我有實在控告根據、以致能要求判決於他有利的人（參
Zec 3:1 等； Re 12:10）。
Original en inglés
8.
(Isa 49:4).
The believer, by virtue of his oneness with Christ, uses the same language
(Ps 138:8; Ro 8:32-34).
But "justify" in His case, is God's judicial acceptance and vindication of Him on the ground of His own righteousness
(Lu 23:44-47; Ro 1:4; 1Ti 3:16,
with which compare
1Pe 3:18);
in their case, on the ground of His righteousness and meritorious death imputed to them
(Ro 5:19).
stand together--in judgment, to try the issue.
adversary--literally, "master of my cause," that is, who has real ground of accusation against me, so that he can demand judgment to be given in his favor (compare
Zec 3:1, &c. Re 12:10).
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9.（比較「deal」或「proper」，
Isa 52:13，
旁註；
Isa 53:10; Ps 118:6; Jer 23:5)。
as a garment——
(Isa 51:6, 8; Ps 102:26)。
東方財富的主要成分之一是衣裳的更換，而衣裳總是容易受蟲蛀；因此聖經中這意象頻繁出現。
Original en inglés
9. (Compare "deal," or "proper,"
Isa 52:13,
Margin;
Isa 53:10; Ps 118:6; Jer 23:5).
as a garment--
(Isa 51:6, 8; Ps 102:26).
A leading constituent of wealth in the East is change of raiment, which is always liable to the inroads of the moth; hence the frequency of the image in Scripture.
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10. 彌賽亞勸勉敬虔人在試煉中（「黑暗」，
Isa 47:5) 效法祂的榜樣
(Isa 49:4, 5; 42:4)，
單單信靠耶和華的膀臂。
Who is 等——即「誰」
(Jud 7:3)。
obeyeth . . . servant——即彌賽亞。敬虔人「尊敬子，如同尊敬父一樣」
(Joh 5:23)。
darkness——
(Mic 7:8, 9)。
神從未有一個兒子不曾有時在黑暗中。因為連基督——祂的獨生子——也呼喊說：「我的神！我的神！為什麼離棄我？」
light——宜作「光輝」；明亮的日光；因為神的僕人絕不會完全沒有「光」〔VITRINGA〕。 敬虔人的路可能是黑暗的，但他的結局必是平安與光。惡人的路可能是明亮的，但他的結局必是全然的黑暗
(Ps 112:4; 97:11; 37:24)。
let him trust in the name of the Lord——如彌賽亞所行
(Isa 50:8, 9)。
Original en inglés
10. Messiah exhorts the godly after His example
(Isa 49:4, 5; 42:4)
when in circumstances of trial ("darkness,"
Isa 47:5),
to trust in the arm of Jehovah alone.
Who is, &c.--that is, Whosoever
(Jud 7:3).
obeyeth . . . servant--namely, Messiah. The godly "honor the Son, even as they honor the Father"
(Joh 5:23).
darkness--
(Mic 7:8, 9).
God never had a son who was not sometimes in the dark. For even Christ, His only Son, cried out, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?"
light--rather, "splendor"; bright sunshine; for the servant of God is never wholly without "light" [VITRINGA]. A godly man's way may be dark, but his end shall be peace and light. A wicked man's way may be bright, but his end shall be utter darkness
(Ps 112:4; 97:11; 37:24).
let him trust in the name of the Lord--as Messiah did
(Isa 50:8, 9).
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11. 與敬虔人
(Isa 50:10)
相反，惡人在黑暗之時，不信靠神，反而信靠自己（為自己點火把行走）
(Ec 11:9)。
這意象延續自
Isa 50:10
的「黑暗」；人為的拯救之法
(Pr 19:21; 16:9, 25)
如同在黑暗中轉瞬即逝的火花（參
Job 18:6; 21:17，
與 Ps 18:28)。
sparks——不是穩定的光，而是頃刻熄滅的火星。
walk——不是命令，而是暗示他們若如此行，必躺在悲哀之中
(Jer 3:25)。
與奧秘的巴比倫先前「自己榮耀自己」的程度成正比，她的悲哀也必如此
(Mt 25:30; 8:12; Re 18:7)。
Original en inglés
11. In contrast to the godly
(Isa 50:10),
the wicked, in times of darkness, instead of trusting in God, trust in themselves (kindle a light for themselves to walk by)
(Ec 11:9).
The image is continued from
Isa 50:10,
"darkness"; human devices for salvation
(Pr 19:21; 16:9, 25)
are like the spark that goes out in an instant in darkness (compare
Job 18:6; 21:17, with Ps 18:28).
sparks--not a steady light, but blazing sparks extinguished in a moment.
walk--not a command, but implying that as surely as they would do so, they should lie down in sorrow
(Jer 3:25).
In exact proportion to mystic Babylon's previous "glorifying" of herself shall be her sorrow
(Mt 25:30; 8:12; Re 18:7).
Isa 50:1-11.
以色列所受的審判乃因其罪惡所惹，然而他們並未被神最終棄絕。
1. Where . . . mothers divorcement——錫安是「母親」；猶太人是兒女；神是丈夫與父親
(Isa 54:5; 62:5; Jer 3:14).
GESENIUS 認為，神藉此問題要否認祂曾給她「休書」——丈夫常因微小的藉口便如此行
(De 24:1),
又或說祂曾「賣了」祂與她的「兒女」——貧窮的父母有時在「債主」的壓力下如此行
(Ex 21:7; 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:5);
而是他們因自己的罪將自己賣了。MAURER 解釋為：「拿出你們母親的休書，就是……；指出你們被賣給的債主；如此便可看出，你母親被休、你們被賣，並非出於我的任性，而是因你們自己的過犯」
(Isa 52:3).
HORSLEY 的解釋最好（正如「我」與「你們自己」之間的對比所示，雖然 LOWTH 譯作「你們被賣了」）：我從未給你們母親正式的休書；我不過是暫時「把她打發走」，因此憑丈夫的權利仍可在她順服時將她接回；我也沒有將你們這些兒女交給任何「債主」以抵債；因此我仍有為父的權利，可以在你們悔改時將你們接回，儘管你們作為悖逆的兒女將自己賣給了罪與其刑罰
(1Ki 21:25).
bill . . . whom——不如譯作「我打發她走所用的休書」[MAURER]。