Comentario del capítulo
Nahum Capítulo 3
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Na 3:1-19.
繁體中文
Original en inglés
Na 3:1-19.
REPETITION OF NINEVEH'S DOOM, WITH NEW FEATURES; THE CAUSE IS HER TYRANNY, RAPINE, AND CRUELTY: NO-AMMON'S FORTIFICATIONS DID NOT SAVE HER; IT IS VAIN, THEREFORE, FOR NINEVEH TO THINK HER DEFENSES WILL SECURE HER AGAINST GOD'S SENTENCE.
1. the bloody city!--literally, "city of blood," namely, shed by Nineveh; just so now her own blood is to be shed.
robbery--violence [MAURER]. Extortion [GROTIUS].
the prey departeth not--Nineveh never ceases to live by rapine. Or, the Hebrew verb is transitive, "she (Nineveh) does not make the prey depart"; she ceases not to plunder.
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繁體中文
2. 讀者被移到戰鬥的中心（比較
耶 47:3）。
聽得見驅趕（戰車中的）馬匹的「鞭聲」，以及戰車「輪子轟轟的響聲」，看得見「馬匹」「跳躍」、「車輛」「奔騰」等等。
Original en inglés
2. The reader is transported into the midst of the fight (compare
Jer 47:3).
The "noise of the whips" urging on the horses (in the chariots) is heard, and of "the rattling of the wheels" of war chariots, and the "horses" are seen "prancing," and the "chariots jumping," &c.
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繁體中文
3. 馬兵——與（戰車中的）「馬」有別
（鴻 3:2）。
舉起——表示已預備爭戰〔埃瓦爾德（Ewald）〕。格塞尼烏斯（Gesenius）譯作「舉起（按字面作『使……上來』）他的馬」。毛勒（Maurer）相近：「使他的馬以後腿直立。」武加大譯本譯作「上前」，即驅馬上前攻擊。最後一個譯法或許比英文譯本更佳。
明亮的刀與閃耀的槍——按字面作「刀的閃光與槍的火光！」這譯法與「馬兵上前推進」一樣，更生動地將戰場呈現於眼前。
他們在屍首上絆跌——瑪代—巴比倫的仇敵在亞述人的屍首上絆跌。
Original en inglés
3. horseman--distinct from "the horses" (in the chariots,
Na 3:2).
lifteth up--denoting readiness for fight [EWALD]. GESENIUS translates, "lifteth up (literally, 'makes to ascend') his horse." Similarly MAURER, "makes his horse to rise up on his hind feet." Vulgate translates, "ascending," that is, making his horse to advance up to the assault. This last is perhaps better than English Version.
the bright sword and the glittering spear--literally, "the glitter of the sword and the flash of the spear!" This, as well as the translation, "the horseman advancing up," more graphically presents the battle scene to the eye.
they stumble upon their corpses--The Medo-Babylonian enemy stumble upon the Assyrian corpses.
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繁體中文
4. 因那美貌的妓女多有淫行——此處說明尼尼微遭毀的原因。
美貌的妓女——亞述既不是敬拜真神的，「淫行」不能如以色列那樣指背叛去敬拜假神；而是指她如妓女般的詭計，用以引誘鄰近諸國歸順自己。正如無戒心之人被「美貌的妓女」容貌所誘，以色列、猶大（例如亞哈斯年間，他求助於提革拉毗列色，結果被勒令進貢，
王下 16:7-10），
以及其他各國，都被亞述看似可信的表象與貿易的誘餌所誘
（啟 18:2, 3），
因而信賴她。
邪術——
（賽 47:9, 12）。
暗指妓女用以使少年人神智昏迷、落入網羅的戀愛咒語；對應於亞述用以吸引萬國歸向她的詭秘計謀。
出賣——奪去他們的自由；正如奴隸常被出賣；在其他財產上，買賣也是常見的轉移方式。毛勒（Maurer）將之理解為奪去萬國的自由，並實際將他們賣為奴隸給遠方之民
（珥 3:2, 3, 6-8）。
但別處並無亞述人這樣作的證據。
萬族——即萬民。
Original en inglés
4. Because of the multitude of the whoredoms--This assigns the reason for Nineveh's destruction.
of the well-favoured harlot--As Assyria was not a worshipper of the true God, "whoredoms" cannot mean, as in the case of Israel, apostasy to the worship of false gods; but, her harlot-like artifices whereby she allured neighboring states so as to subject them to herself. As the unwary are allured by the "well-favored harlot's" looks, so Israel, Judah (for example, under Ahaz, who, calling to his aid Tiglath-pileser, was made tributary by him,
2Ki 16:7-10),
and other nations, were tempted by the plausible professions of Assyria, and by the lure of commerce
(Re 18:2, 3),
to trust her.
witchcrafts--
(Isa 47:9, 12).
Alluding to the love incantations whereby harlots tried to dement and ensnare youths; answering to the subtle machinations whereby Assyria attracted nations to her.
selleth--deprives of their liberty; as slaves used to be sold: and in other property also sale was a usual mode of transfer. MAURER understands it of depriving nations of their freedom, and literally selling them as slaves to distant peoples
(Joe 3:2, 3, 6-8).
But elsewhere there is no evidence that the Assyrians did this.
families--peoples.
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繁體中文
5. 我必掀起你的裙子蒙在你臉上——即把你的裙子掀到你的臉上來揭露你的赤裸（盡可能最大的侮辱），將它們高掀至你的頭頂
（耶 13:22； 結 16:37-41）。
我必不以貴婦待你，卻如羞辱被揭穿的妓女一般待你；她華麗的飾物從她身上被掀起
（賽 47:2, 3）。
尼尼微也必照樣被剝去她所矜誇的一切榮耀與防禦。
Original en inglés
5. I will discover thy skirts upon thy face--that is, discover thy nakedness by throwing up thy skirts upon thy face (the greatest possible insult), pulling them up as as high as thy head
(Jer 13:22; Eze 16:37-41).
I will treat thee not as a matron, but as a harlot whose shame is exposed; her gaudy finery being lifted up off her
(Isa 47:2, 3).
So Nineveh shall be stripped of all her glory and defenses on which she prides herself.
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繁體中文
6. 將可憎的污穢拋在你身上——正如聲名狼藉的妓女常受的對待。
令人驚駭——被置於公眾的羞辱之前，作為對他人的鑑戒
（結 28:17）。
Original en inglés
6. cast abominable filth upon thee--as infamous harlots used to be treated.
gazing stock--exposed to public ignominy as a warning to others
(Eze 28:17).
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繁體中文
7. 凡……看見你的——當你已被作成「令人驚駭的」之時
（鴻 3:6）。
都必從你那裏逃跑——如同逃離一件可憎可怕之物。可比較「遠遠站著」，
啟 18:10。
我從何處為你尋找安慰者呢？——可比較
賽 51:19，
那鴻心中正存記這話。
Original en inglés
7. all . . . that look upon thee--when thou hast been made "a gazing stock"
(Na 3:6).
shall flee from thee--as a thing horrible to look upon. Compare "standing afar off,"
Re 18:10.
whence shall I seek comforters for thee?--Compare
Isa 51:19,
which Nahum had before his mind.
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繁體中文
8. 人口眾多的挪（No）——不如按希伯來文作「挪·阿們（No-ammon）」，這是上埃及底比斯（Thebes）的埃及文名稱；意即亞捫（Ammon）的分或產業，亞捫即埃及的朱庇特（希臘人因此稱該城為丟斯波里斯 Diospolis），在那裏尤其受崇奉。埃及碑文稱該神為亞捫—銳（Amon-re），即太陽亞捫；他以人身羊首、坐於寶座之上的形象出現
（耶 46:25； 結 30:14-16）。
鴻 3:10
所描述臨到挪·阿們的打擊，大概是亞述的撒珥根所為（見
賽 18:1；
賽 20:1
的註解）。
底比斯雖有這一切資源，仍被亞述所克服；照樣，亞述的尼尼微儘管大有勢力，也必輪到被巴比倫所克服。英文譯本作「人口眾多的」若屬正確，便暗示挪的龐大人口並未救她免於毀滅。
坐落在眾河之間——大概指尼羅河在此處分成的水道（比較
賽 19:6-8）。
底比斯位於河的兩岸。在荷馬（Homer）時代，她以百門之城聞名〔《伊利亞特》（Iliad），9.381〕。其廢墟至今仍圍成一道二十七英里的周界。其中以河東的盧克索（Luxor）與卡爾奈克（Karnak）兩座神廟最為著名。前者的列柱廊與後者的大殿，規模皆極驚人。一面牆上至今仍描繪著示撒（Shishak）在羅波安年間攻打耶路撒冷的遠征
（王上 14:25； 代下 12:2-9）。
她的……城牆靠海——即「從海」升起。毛勒（Maurer）譯作「她的城牆由海構成」。但這不過是重複前一子句。尼羅河因每年氾濫時的外觀而被稱為海
（賽 19:5）。
Original en inglés
8. populous No--rather, as Hebrew, "No-ammon," the Egyptian name for Thebes in Upper Egypt; meaning the portion or possession of Ammon, the Egyptian Jupiter (whence the Greeks called the city Diospolis), who was especially worshipped there. The Egyptian inscriptions call the god Amon-re, that is, Amon the Sun; he is represented as a human figure with a ram's head, seated on a chair
(Jer 46:25; Eze 30:14-16).
The blow inflicted on No-ammon, described in
Na 3:10,
was probably by the Assyrian Sargon (see on
Isa 18:1;
Isa 20:1).
As Thebes, with all her resources, was overcome by Assyria, so Assyrian Nineveh, notwithstanding all her might, in her turn, shall be overcome by Babylon. English Version, "populous," if correct, implies that No's large population did not save her from destruction.
situate among the rivers--probably the channels into which the Nile here divides (compare
Isa 19:6-8).
Thebes lay on both sides of the river. It was famed in HOMER'S time for its hundred gates [Iliad, 9.381]. Its ruins still describe a circumference of twenty-seven miles. Of them the temples of Luxor and Karnak, east of the river, are most famous. The colonnade of the former, and the grand hall of the latter, are of stupendous dimensions. One wall still represents the expedition of Shishak against Jerusalem under Rehoboam
(1Ki 14:25; 2Ch 12:2-9).
whose . . . wall was from the sea--that is, rose up "from the sea." MAURER translates, "whose wall consisted of the sea." But this would be a mere repetition of the former clause. The Nile is called a sea, from its appearance in the annual flood
(Isa 19:5).
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繁體中文
9. 古實——希伯來文作古實（Cush）。據信此時古實正統治著上埃及。
埃及——下埃及。
她的力量——作為盟友的保障。
那是無限的——她這些盟友的資源無窮無盡。
弗（Put）——或作普特（Phut）
（創 10:6）；
含的後裔
（結 27:10）。
其名出於意為弓的詞根，因他們以善射聞名〔格塞尼烏斯（Gesenius）〕。大概在下埃及以西。約瑟夫斯（Josephus）〔《猶太古志》（Antiquities），1:6.2〕將之等同於毛里塔尼亞（Mauritania）（比較
耶 46:9，
邊註；
結 38:5）。
路比人（Lubim）——呂彼亞人，其首府為古利奈（Cyrene）；沿埃及以西的地中海延伸
（代下 12:3; 16:8； 徒 2:10）。
然而路比人總是與埃及人、古實人並提，故此或許有別於呂彼亞人。路比人起初大概是遊牧部族，後來在古利奈一帶、於迦太基治下定居，稱為呂彼亞人。
你的——指挪的。
幫手——按字面作「在你的幫助之中」，即在你的輔助者之中。
Original en inglés
9. Ethiopia--Hebrew, Cush. Ethiopia is thought at this time to have been mistress of Upper Egypt.
Egypt--Lower Egypt.
her strength--her safeguard as an ally.
it was infinite--The resources of these, her allies, were endless.
Put--or Phut
(Ge 10:6);
descended from Ham
(Eze 27:10).
From a root meaning a bow; as they were famed as archers [GESENIUS]. Probably west of Lower Egypt. JOSEPHUS [Antiquities, 1:6.2] identifies it with Mauritania (compare
Jer 46:9,
Margin;
Eze 38:5).
Lubim--the Libyans, whose capital was Cyrene; extending along the Mediterranean west of Egypt
(2Ch 12:3; 16:8; Ac 2:10).
As, however, the Lubim are always connected with the Egyptians and Ethiopians, they are perhaps distinct from the Libyans. The Lubim were probably at first wandering tribes, who afterwards were settled under Carthage in the region of Cyrene, under the name Libyans.
thy--No's.
helpers--literally, "in thy help," that is, among thy auxiliaries.
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10. 儘管她勢力雄厚，她仍被克服。
為她的尊貴人拈鬮——他們以鬮將她們當作奴隸彼此分取
（珥 3:3）。
Original en inglés
10. Notwithstanding all her might, she was overcome.
cast lots for her honourable men--They divided them among themselves by lot, as slaves
(Joe 3:3).
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11. 醉酒——被迫喝耶和華怒杯的
（賽 51:17, 21； 耶 25:15）。
隱藏——被遮蔽不見：這是一則驚人地應驗於尼尼微廢墟現狀的預言〔G. V. 史密斯（G. V. Smith）〕。但因「隱藏」在「尋求力量」等之前，不如指尼尼微被仇敵攻擊時的狀態：「你如今如此自誇，卻必被迫從仇敵面前尋找藏身之處」〔加爾文（Calvin）〕；或作：必被眾人忽略輕視〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。
因仇敵的緣故尋求力量——你也必如底比斯
（鴻 3:9）
那樣，為對抗你的瑪代—巴比倫仇敵而向別國求助。
Original en inglés
11. drunken--made to drink of the cup of Jehovah's wrath
(Isa 51:17, 21; Jer 25:15).
hid--covered out of sight: a prediction remarkably verified in the state in which the ruins of Nineveh have been found [G. V. SMITH]. But as "hid" precedes "seek strength," &c., it rather refers to Nineveh's state when attacked by her foe: "Thou who now so vauntest thyself, shalt be compelled to seek a hiding-place from the foe" [CALVIN]; or, shalt be neglected and slighted by all [MAURER].
seek strength because of the enemy--Thou too, like Thebes
(Na 3:9),
shalt have recourse to other nations for help against thy Medo-Babylonian enemy.
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繁體中文
12. 你的保障——在亞述邊境、保護通往尼尼微通路之處：「你地的眾門」
（鴻 3:13）。
無花果樹上有初熟的無花果——表示攻取尼尼微的迅速與輕易（比較
賽 28:4； 啟 6:13）。
Original en inglés
12. thy strongholds--on the borders of Assyria, protecting the approaches to Nineveh: "the gates of thy land"
(Na 3:13).
fig trees with the first ripe figs--expressing the rapidity and ease of the capture of Nineveh (compare
Isa 28:4; Re 6:13).
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繁體中文
13. 你的百姓——你的士兵。
如同婦女——不能為你爭戰的
（賽 19:16； 耶 50:37; 51:30）。
你地的門——進入尼尼微地區的設防關隘或入口（比較
耶 15:7）。
尼尼微東北方有丘陵，可作為抵禦入侵者的天然屏障；穿越這些丘陵的關防要道，大概就是所謂「那地的門」。
火必吞滅你的門閂——指亞述各通道上堡壘的「門閂」。在亞述遺物中，亞述人自己也被描繪為放火燒一城的城門〔博諾米（Bonomi），《尼尼微》（Nineveh），頁 194、197〕。
Original en inglés
13. thy people--thy soldiers.
women--unable to fight for thee
(Isa 19:16; Jer 50:37; 51:30).
gates on thy land--the fortified passes or entrances to the region of Nineveh (compare
Jer 15:7).
Northeast of Nineveh there were hills affording a natural barrier against an invader; the guarded passes through these are probably "the gates of the land" meant.
fire shall devour thy bars--the "bars" of the fortresses at the passes into Assyria. So in Assyrian remains the Assyrians themselves are represented as setting fire to the gates of a city [BONOMI, Nineveh, pp. 194, 197].
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繁體中文
14. 諷刺地勸尼尼微自衛。
打……水——免得被圍困者截斷水源之後，沒有水喝。
堅固磚窰——或作「修補」〔毛勒（Maurer）〕；以便有窯燒的黏土磚可供修補城牆缺口，或在外圍工事被仇敵攻佔時在內部建造新防禦。
Original en inglés
14. Ironical exhortation to Nineveh to defend herself.
Draw . . . waters--so as not to be without water for drinking, in the event of being cut off by the besiegers from the fountains.
make strong the brick-kiln--or "repair" [MAURER]; so as to have a supply of bricks formed of kiln-burnt clay, to repair breaches in the ramparts, or to build new fortifications inside when the outer ones are taken by the foe.
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繁體中文
15. 在那裏——就在你為防禦大作準備的那現場；就在你如今如此安穩自恃之處。
火——正如上一次毀滅之時；撒縵以色（Sardanapalus）（普勒？）與全家在宮殿大火中同盡，他在絕望中放火焚宮，其痕跡至今尚存。
蝗蟲——「舐食的蝗蟲」〔亨德森（Henderson）〕。
你當增多如蝗蟲——「成群的蝗蟲」〔亨德森（Henderson）〕；即你的軍隊無論如何眾多，如「成群的蝗蟲」或「舐食的蝗蟲」一般，仇敵仍必如「舐食的蝗蟲」舐盡面前一切那樣將你吞盡。
Original en inglés
15. There--in the very scene of thy great preparations for defense; and where thou now art so secure.
fire--even as at the former destruction; Sardanapalus (Pul?) perished with all his household in the conflagration of his palace, having in despair set it on fire, the traces of which are still remaining.
cankerworm--"the licking locust" [HENDERSON].
make thyself many as the locusts--"the swarming locusts" [HENDERSON]; that is, however "many" be thy forces, like those of "the swarming locusts," or the "licking locusts," yet the foe shall consume thee as the "licking locust" licks up all before it.
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16. 你增添你的商人——
（結 27:23, 24）。
尼尼微藉大型運河可輕易通往巴比倫；又是西方與西北方各族前往那城的主要路線之一；她位於底格里斯河畔，又可通海。腓尼基人將她的貨物運往各處。故此她的貿易屢被提及。
蝗蟲卻掠奪而飛去——即蝗蟲掠奪了你的商人。「蝗蟲」，即舐食的蝗蟲，相當於入侵尼尼微的瑪代—巴比倫人〔G. V. 史密斯（G. V. Smith）〕。加爾文（Calvin）較不恰當地解作：「你的商人掠奪了許多地區；但蝗蟲所遭遇的也必臨到他們，他們轉眼之間便四散逃跑了。」毛勒（Maurer）相近：「舐食的蝗蟲蛻去（翅膀原來所摺藏的）外殼，便飛去」
（鴻 2:9；
比較
珥 1:4）。
希伯來文有十個不同的詞指蝗蟲，可見其破壞力之大。
Original en inglés
16. multiplied thy merchants--
(Eze 27:23, 24).
Nineveh, by large canals, had easy access to Babylon; and it was one of the great routes for the people of the west and northwest to that city; lying on the Tigris it had access to the sea. The Phœnicians carried its wares everywhere. Hence its merchandise is so much spoken of.
the cankerworm spoileth, and fleeth away--that is, spoiled thy merchants. The "cankerworm," or licking locust, answers to the Medo-Babylonian invaders of Nineveh [G. V. SMITH]. CALVIN explains less probably, "Thy merchants spoiled many regions; but the same shall befall them as befalls locusts, they in a moment shall be scattered and flee away." MAURER, somewhat similarly, "The licking locust puts off (the envelope in which his wings had been folded), and teeth away"
(Na 2:9;
compare
Joe 1:4).
The Hebrew has ten different names for the locust, so destructive was it.
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繁體中文
17. 你的首領——你的王侯
（啟 9:7）。
王的貴族與臣宰，與王一樣，都戴著冠冕；故此他們在此被稱為「你戴冠冕的」。
如蝗蟲——多如成群的蝗蟲。
你的軍長——Tiphsar，一個亞述語詞；亦見於
耶 51:27，
意為總督〔米凱利斯（Michaelis）〕；不如作「軍事統領」〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。最後一個音節sar意為「首領」，見於伯沙撒、尼波普拉薩、尼布甲尼撒（Belshaz-zar, Nabopolas-sar, Nebuchadnez-zar）等名。
如大蝗蟲——按字面作「蝗蟲中的蝗蟲」，即最大的蝗蟲。毛勒（Maurer）譯作「多如蝗蟲上加蝗蟲」，即蝗蟲成群。希伯來文習慣用語支持英文譯本。
天冷時停在籬笆上——寒冷使蝗蟲喪失飛行之力；故此牠們在寒冷天氣和夜間停棲，但被太陽曬暖之後不久便「飛去」。亞述的群眾也必照樣忽然消逝，不留一絲痕跡（可比較老普林尼（Pliny），《自然史》（Natural History），11.29）。
Original en inglés
17. Thy crowned--Thy princes
(Re 9:7).
The king's nobles and officers wore the tiara, as well as the king; hence they are called here "thy crowned ones."
as the locusts--as many as the swarming locusts.
thy captains--Tiphsar, an Assyrian word; found also in
Jer 51:27,
meaning satraps [MICHAELIS]; or rather, "military leaders" [MAURER]. The last syllable, sar means a "prince," and is found in Belshaz-zar, Nabopolas-sar, Nebuchadnez-zar.
as the great grasshoppers--literally, "as the locust of locusts," that is, the largest locust. MAURER translates, "as many as locusts upon locusts," that is, swarms of locusts. Hebrew idiom favors English Version.
in the hedges in the cold--Cold deprives the locust of the power of flight; so they alight in cold weather and at night, but when warmed by the sun soon "flee away." So shall the Assyrian multitudes suddenly disappear, not leaving a trace behind (compare PLINY, Natural History, 11.29).
18
Sin título
繁體中文
18. 你的牧人——即你的領袖。
沉睡——漫不經心地安享太平〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。不如作「被殺而躺在死亡的沉睡中」〔耶柔米（Jerome）〕
（出 15:16； 詩 76:6）。
必住在塵土中——
（詩 7:5; 94:17）。
你的百姓散在地上——這是領袖被除滅之後必有的結果
（王上 22:17）。
Original en inglés
18. Thy shepherds--that is, Thy leaders.
slumber--are carelessly secure [MAURER]. Rather, "lie in death's sleep, having been slain" [JEROME]
(Ex 15:16; Ps 76:6).
shall dwell in the dust--
(Ps 7:5; 94:17).
thy people is scattered--the necessary consequence of their leaders being laid low
(1Ki 22:17).
19
Sin título
繁體中文
19. 風聲——那消息。
拍掌——因你的傾覆而歡喜。全國古今亞述人與巴比倫人唯一的後裔，就是說迦勒底語的涅斯多留派基督徒〔萊亞德（Layard）〕。
你的惡行豈不斷經過誰呢？——暗示神長久的忍耐，以及亞述罪孽因此之故何等深重，使她的情形毫無復興之望。
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羅伯特·詹姆遜（Robert Jamieson）、A. R. 法賽特（A. R. Fausset）、大衛·布朗（David Brown）
《全本聖經批判與解釋註釋》（Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible）（1871）
補遺、勘誤與意見請寄給編者
Original en inglés
19. bruit--the report.
clap the hands--with joy at thy fall. The sole descendants of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians in the whole country are the Nestorian Christians, who speak a Chaldean language [LAYARD].
upon whom hath not thy wickedness passed continually?--implying God's long forbearance, and the consequent enormity of Assyria's guilt, rendering her case one that admitted no hope of restoration.
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
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鴻 3:1-19.
尼尼微的厄運重申，並加入新特點；其原因乃她的暴虐、搶掠與殘忍。挪·阿們的堅固工事未能拯救她；因此，尼尼微若以為自己的防禦能在神的判決面前保她安全，便是徒然。
1. 這流人血的城！——按字面作「血之城」，即尼尼微所流的血；如今照樣，她自己的血也要被流。
搶奪——強暴〔毛勒（Maurer）〕。勒索〔格羅提烏斯（Grotius）〕。
掠物還未離去——尼尼微從不以搶奪度日為滿足。或作：希伯來文動詞為及物的，「她（尼尼微）不讓掠物離去」；即她搶奪不止。