Komentaryo ng kabanata
Numbers Kabanata 29
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简体中文
orihinal na Ingles
This chapter appoints the offerings that were to be made by fire unto the Lord in the three great solemnities of the seventh month. I. In the feast of trumpets on the first day of that month, Nu 29:1-6. II. In the day of atonement on the tenth day, Nu 29:7-11. III. In the feast of tabernacles on the fifteenth day and the seven days following, Nu 29:12-38. And then the conclusion of these ordinances, Nu 29:39,40.
1-40
Solemnities of the Seventh Month (1452 BC)
简体中文
第七月的节期（主前1452年）
¹ 七月初一日，你们当有圣会；什么劳碌的工都不可做：这是你们吹角的日子。
² 你们要将公牛犊一只、公绵羊一只、没有残疾一岁的羊羔七只，作馨香的燔祭献给耶和华；
³ 同献的素祭要用调油的细面：为一只公牛献伊法十分之三，为一只公绵羊献伊法十分之二；
⁴ 为七只羊羔，每只献伊法十分之一；
⁵ 又献一只公山羊作赎罪祭，为你们赎罪；
⁶ 这些是在月朔的燔祭和同献的素祭、并常献的燔祭和同献的素祭，以及照例同献的奠祭之外——作馨香的火祭献给耶和华。
⁷ 七月初十日，你们当有圣会；要刻苦己心，什么工都不可做：
⁸ 只要将燔祭献给耶和华为馨香之气：公牛犊一只、公绵羊一只、一岁的羊羔七只；都要没有残疾；
⁹ 同献的素祭要用调油的细面：为一只公牛献伊法十分之三，为一只公绵羊献伊法十分之二；
¹⁰ 为七只羊羔，每只献伊法十分之一；
¹¹ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在赎罪日的赎罪祭、并常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
第七月比一年中任何一月都有更多神圣的节期，不仅因为它是直到以色列人出埃及之前的正月（这事发生在亚笔月，使该月从此在一切教会计算的算法中成为众月之首），更因为它在禧年和豁免年的民事计算中仍是正月；又因这正是收获与播种之间的闲暇时节，他们最有空闲到圣所事奉——这表明：虽然神因必需的工和怜悯的工可以免献祭物，但我们从今生紧迫的事务中越有空闲，就越当将时间用在直接事奉神的事上。1. 此处我们有所指定的祭物，要在初一日——吹角的日子——献上；这日是为随后两大节期作预备：赎罪日的圣洁哀伤与住棚节的圣洁欢乐。神圣设立的用意若能达到——即一种宗教事奉帮助人为另一种事奉作好预备，而这一切都为天上——便是美好的。吹角的事在利23:24已有规定。此处则指示百姓当在那日献什么祭——关于这事，那里并未提及。请留意：那要在圣经中明白神旨意的人，必须将圣经的一部分与另一部分相比较，把那些论及同一件事的部分放在一起，因为神光后期的启示解释了前期隐晦之处，补足了前期不足之处，使属神的人得以完全。当献的祭物在此特别加以规定（民29:2-6），并且确保这些祭物不取代每日的常献和月朔所献。此处表明：我们不可寻找借口减少在事奉神上的热心，也不可因有任何借口省去善工而窃喜，倒要因有机会在宗教上加添、行得超过寻常而喜乐。我们若行了家庭敬拜，不可以为这就可以免去我们私下的灵修；也不可因那日我们上教堂，就不必独自敬拜神、与家人一同敬拜神；倒要常常竭力多做主工。2. 在赎罪日。除了那日一切的事奉——其设立见于利16:1-34，且已经够麻烦、够花费了——之外，此处还规定要献燔祭（民29:8-10）。因为在我们借着那日所表征的两大福音恩典——信心与悔改——之中，我们必须着眼于神的荣耀与尊贵——这正是燔祭所纯粹着意的；此外还要献一只公山羊为赎罪祭，在那为大赎罪的赎罪祭之外（民29:11），这表明：就是在我们悔改的操练与发表中，也有如此多的缺陷与过失，以至我们需要在那祭上有分，借此为我们圣洁事物中那部分的罪愆赎罪。我们虽不应后悔已经悔改，却当后悔没有更好地悔改。这也表明仪文祭物的不完全及其不能除罪——就在那献赎罪之祭的当日，还要另献一只赎罪祭。但律法因肉体软弱所不能行的，基督已经成就了。
¹² 七月十五日，你们当有圣会；什么劳碌的工都不可做，要在耶和华面前向耶和华守节七日：
¹³ 你们要将燔祭献上，作献给耶和华馨香的火祭：公牛犊十三只，公绵羊两只，一岁的羊羔十四只；都要没有残疾：
¹⁴ 同献的素祭要用调油的细面：为十三只公牛每只献伊法十分之三，为两只公绵羊每只献伊法十分之二，
¹⁵ 为十四只羊羔每只献伊法十分之一；
¹⁶ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
¹⁷ 第二日你们要献公牛犊十二只，公绵羊两只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔十四只；
¹⁸ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
¹⁹ 又献一只公山羊作赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
²⁰ 第三日要献公牛十一只，公绵羊两只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔十四只；
²¹ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
²² 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
²³ 第四日要献公牛十只，公绵羊两只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔十四只；
²⁴ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
²⁵ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
²⁶ 第五日要献公牛九只，公绵羊两只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔十四只；
²⁷ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
²⁸ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
²⁹ 第六日要献公牛八只，公绵羊两只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔十四只；
³⁰ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
³¹ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
³² 第七日要献公牛七只，公绵羊两只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔十四只；
³³ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
³⁴ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
³⁵ 第八日你们当有严肃会；什么劳碌的工都不可做：
³⁶ 只要将燔祭献给耶和华为馨香的火祭：公牛一只，公绵羊一只，没有残疾一岁的羊羔七只；
³⁷ 同献的素祭和奠祭，为公牛、公绵羊、羊羔，要按数目照例献上；
³⁸ 又献一只公山羊为赎罪祭；这是在常献的燔祭和同献的素祭及奠祭之外。
³⁹ 这些物，你们要在所定的节期献给耶和华——在你们所许的愿和甘心祭，并为燔祭、素祭、奠祭、平安祭之外。
⁴⁰ 于是摩西照耶和华所吩咐他的一切话，告诉了以色列人。
赎罪日——人当刻苦己心的那日——之后不久，便紧随住棚节，他们要在耶和华面前欢乐；因为那流泪撒种的，必很快欢呼收割。在利23:34-44等处关于此节的原有律法之外，此处又加上关于火祭的指示——他们要在那节的七日期间献给耶和华（利33:36——注：原文如此）。当留意：1. 他们欢乐的日子也当是献祭的日子。乐意的心怀对我们无害，也不是什么不好的征兆——只要它非但不使我们不配尽直接事奉神的本分，反而在其中鼓舞、扩充我们的心。2. 他们住棚的全程，每日都当献祭。当我们在世尚处于帐棚状态之时，不断与神保持相交既是本分，也是我们的益处；我们外在光景的不安定，不能作为我们忽略神敬拜之工的借口。3. 七日之中每日的祭物——除了公牛数目不同外，并无其他差别——都被逐一特别规定；然而这并非虚文重复；因为神要借此教导他们在这些事奉上极其精确，并在每日的工上以信心的眼目定睛于设立之命。这也表明：同样事奉的重复，若以正直的心、并以敬虔热诚之爱持续燃烧之火而献，对神并非厌烦；所以我们不当对此嗤之以鼻，或说：看哪，何等烦琐！4. 公牛的数目（这是祭物中最昂贵的部分）每日递减。节期的第一日要献十三只，第二日十二只，第三日十一只，如此类推；到第七日献七只；最后一日虽是节期的最大之日，并以圣会庆祝，却只献一只公牛；而且虽然其余各日都献两只公绵羊和十四只羊羔，这日却只献一只公绵羊和七只羊羔。立法者的旨意如此，这对于律法而言已是足够的理由。有人建议：神在此顾念了肉体的软弱——肉体容易吝惜宗教的花费与开销；所以安排它越献越少，免得他们抱怨，仿佛神曾使他们带着祭物来事奉（赛43:23）。或者借此向他们表明：律法的制度将渐旧，最终消逝；他们众多的祭物终将归于一次大祭——其价值远超这一切之和。正是在这一切祭物都已安排之后的节期末日，我们的主耶稣站着向那些仍渴慕义（因感到这些祭物不足以使他们称义）的人呼喊，叫他们到他这里来喝（约7:37）。5. 素祭和奠祭伴随所有的祭物，按数目、照例而行。无论肉有多少，没有饼和酒就算不得筵席，所以这些在神的坛——他的桌子——上永不可缺。我们不可以为在宗教上行得多，就会被悦纳——除非我们也照神所规定的方式行得好。6. 每日都要献赎罪祭——正如我们在其他节期中所见。我们颂赞的燔祭不能蒙神悦纳，除非我们在基督所献的挽回之大祭中有分——他为我们成了赎罪祭。7. 就在这一切祭物都献上之时，每日早晨和黄昏的常献燔祭仍不可省略；每日早晨当先献此祭，黄昏当最后献此祭。非常的服事不应挤掉我们固定的灵修。8. 虽然这一切祭物都要求由全会众以公共费用献上，但除此之外，各人还当以自己所许的愿和甘心祭荣耀神（民29:39）。当神命令他们当如此行时，他也为他们的敬虔慷慨留下了余地——他们可以行更多，不是发明别的敬拜，而是在这些事上丰盛而行，如代下30:23,24所示。利未记中关于各类祭物——由各人按神在他们身上的护理和他们心中的恩典而献的——已有详尽的指示。虽然每个以色列人在这些公共祭物中都有分，却不可以为这些就可以代替他所许的愿和甘心祭。如此，我们的牧者与我们一同祷告、为我们祷告，并不能免去我们自己祷告的本分。
orihinal na Ingles
Solemnities of the Seventh Month (1452 BC)
¹ And in the seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work: it is a day of blowing the trumpets unto you.
² And ye shall offer a burnt offering for a sweet savour unto the LORD; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year without blemish:
³ And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals for a bullock, and two tenth deals for a ram,
⁴ And one tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs:
⁵ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering, to make an atonement for you:
⁶ Beside the burnt offering of the month, and his meat offering, and the daily burnt offering, and his meat offering, and their drink offerings, according unto their manner, for a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD.
⁷ And ye shall have on the tenth day of this seventh month an holy convocation; and ye shall afflict your souls: ye shall not do any work therein:
⁸ But ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the LORD for a sweet savour; one young bullock, one ram, and seven lambs of the first year; they shall be unto you without blemish:
⁹ And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals to a bullock, and two tenth deals to one ram,
¹⁰ A several tenth deal for one lamb, throughout the seven lambs:
¹¹ One kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the sin offering of atonement, and the continual burnt offering, and the meat offering of it, and their drink offerings.
There were more sacred solemnities in the seventh month than in any other month of the year, not only because it had been the first month till the deliverance of Israel out of Egypt (which, falling in the month Abib, occasioned that to be thenceforth made the beginning of the months in all ecclesiastical computations), but because still it continued the first month in the civil reckonings of the jubilees and years of release, and also because it was the time of vacation between harvest and seedtime, when they had most leisure to attend the sanctuary, which intimates that, though God will dispense with sacrifices in consideration of works of necessity and mercy, yet the more leisure we have from the pressing occasions of this life the more time we should spend in the immediate service of God. 1. We have here the appointment of the sacrifices that were to be offered on the first day of the month, the day of blowing the trumpets, which was a preparative for the two great solemnities of holy mourning on the day of atonement and of holy joy in the feast of tabernacles. The intention of divine institutions is well answered when one religious service helps to fit us for another and all for heaven. The blowing of the trumpets was appointed, Le 23:24. Here the people are directed what sacrifices to offer on that day, of which there was not then any mention made. Note, Those who would know the mind of God in the scripture must compare one part of the scripture with another, and put those parts together that have reference to the same thing, for the latter discoveries of divine light explain what was dark and supply what was defective in the former, that the man of God may be perfect. The sacrifices then to be offered are particularly ordered here (Nu 29:2-6), and care taken that these should not supersede the daily oblation and that of the new moon. It is hereby intimated that we must not seek occasions to abate our zeal in God's service, nor be glad of an excuse to omit a good duty, but rather rejoice in an opportunity of accumulating and doing more than ordinary in religion. If we perform family-worship, we must not think that this will excuse us from our secret devotions; nor that on the days we go to church we need not worship God alone and with our families; but we should always abound in the work of the Lord. 2. On the day of atonement. Besides all the services of that day, which we had the institution of, Le 16:1-34, and which, one would think, required trouble and charge enough, here are burnt-offerings ordered to be offered, Nu 29:8-10. For in our faith and repentance, those two great gospel graces which were signified by that day's performances, we must have an eye to the glory and honour of God, which was purely intended in the burnt-offerings; there was likewise to be a kid of the goats for a sin-offering, besides the great sin-offering of atonement (Nu 29:11), which intimates that there are so many defects and faults, even in the exercises and expressions of our repentance, that we have need of an interest in a sacrifice to expiate the guilt even of that part of our holy things. Though we must not repent that we have repented, yet we must repent that we have not repented better. It likewise intimated the imperfection of the legal sacrifices, and their insufficiency to take away sin, that on the very day the sin-offering of atonement was offered, yet there must be another sin-offering. But what the law could not do, in that it was weak, that Christ has done.
¹² And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days:
¹³ And ye shall offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD; thirteen young bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year; they shall be without blemish:
¹⁴ And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil, three tenth deals unto every bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two tenth deals to each ram of the two rams,
¹⁵ And a several tenth deal to each lamb of the fourteen lambs:
¹⁶ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
¹⁷ And on the second day ye shall offer twelve young bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs of the first year without spot:
¹⁸ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
¹⁹ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and the meat offering thereof, and their drink offerings.
²⁰ And on the third day eleven bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish;
²¹ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
²² And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.
²³ And on the fourth day ten bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish:
²⁴ Their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
²⁵ And one kid of the goats for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
²⁶ And on the fifth day nine bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without spot:
²⁷ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
²⁸ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.
²⁹ And on the sixth day eight bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish:
³⁰ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
³¹ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
³² And on the seventh day seven bullocks, two rams, and fourteen lambs of the first year without blemish:
³³ And their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
³⁴ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, his meat offering, and his drink offering.
³⁵ On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly: ye shall do no servile work therein:
³⁶ But ye shall offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: one bullock, one ram, seven lambs of the first year without blemish:
³⁷ Their meat offering and their drink offerings for the bullock, for the ram, and for the lambs, shall be according to their number, after the manner:
³⁸ And one goat for a sin offering; beside the continual burnt offering, and his meat offering, and his drink offering.
³⁹ These things ye shall do unto the LORD in your set feasts, beside your vows, and your freewill offerings, for your burnt offerings, and for your meat offerings, and for your drink offerings, and for your peace offerings.
⁴⁰ And Moses told the children of Israel according to all that the LORD commanded Moses.
Soon after the day of atonement, that day in which men were to afflict their souls, followed the feast of tabernacles, in which they were to rejoice before the Lord; for those that sow in tears shall soon reap in joy. To the former laws about this feast, which we had, Le 23:34-44, etc., here are added directions about the offerings by fire, which they were to offer unto the Lord during the seven days of that feast, Le 33:36. Observe here, 1. Their days of rejoicing were to be days of sacrifices. A disposition to be cheerful does us no harm, nor is any bad symptom, when it is so far from unfitting us for the duties of God's immediate service that it encourages and enlarges our hearts in them. 2. All the days of their dwelling in booths they must offer sacrifices. While we are here in a tabernacle-state, it is our interest as well as duty constantly to keep up communion with God; nor will the unsettledness of our outward condition excuse us in our neglect of the duties of God's worship. 3. The sacrifices for each of the seven days, though differing in nothing but the number of the bullocks, are severally and particularly appointed, which yet is no vain repetition; for God would thus teach them to be very exact in those observances, and to keep an eye of faith fixed upon the institution in every day's work. It likewise intimates that the repetition of the same services, if performed with an upright heart, and with a continued fire of pious and devout affection, is no weariness to God, and therefore we ought not to snuff at it, or to say, Behold, what a weariness it is to us! 4. The number of bullocks (which were the most costly part of the sacrifice) decreased every day. On the first day of the feast they were to offer thirteen, on the second day but twelve, on the third day eleven, etc. So that on the seventh they offered seven; and the last day, though it was the great day of the feast, and celebrated with a holy convocation, yet they were to offer but one bullock; and, whereas on all the other days they offered two rams and fourteen lambs, on this they offered but one ram and seven lambs. Such was the will of the Law-maker, and that is reason enough for the law. Some suggest that God herein considered the infirmity of the flesh, which is apt to grudge the charge and expense of religion; it is therefore ordered to grow less and less, that they might not complain as if God had made them to serve with an offering, Isa 43:23. Or it is hereby intimated to them that the legal dispensation should wax old, and vanish away at last; and the multitude of their sacrifices should end in one great sacrifice, infinitely more worthy than all of them. It was on the last day of the feast, after all these sacrifices had been ordered, that our Lord Jesus stood and cried to those who still thirsted after righteousness (being sensible of the insufficiency of these sacrifices to justify them) to come unto him and drink, Joh 7:37. 5. The meat-offerings and drink-offerings attended all the sacrifices, according to their number, after the manner. Be there ever so much flesh, it is no feast without bread and drink, therefore these must never be omitted at God's altar, which was his table. We must not think that doing much in religion will be accepted if we do not do it well, and after the manner that God has appointed. 6. Every day there must be a sin-offering presented, as we observed in the other feasts. Our burnt-offerings of praise cannot be accepted of God unless we have an interest in the great sacrifice of propitiation which Christ offered when for us he made himself a sin-offering. 7. Even when all these sacrifices were offered, yet the continual burnt-offering must not be omitted either morning or evening, but each day this must be offered first in the morning and last in the evening. No extraordinary services should jostle out our stated devotions. 8. Though all these sacrifices were required to be presented by the body of the congregation, at the common charge, yet, besides these, particular persons were to glorify God with their vows and their free-will offerings, Nu 29:39. When God commanded that this they must do, he left room for the generosity of their devotion, a great deal more they might do, not inventing other worships, but abounding in these, as 2Ch 30:23,24. Large directions had been given in Leviticus concerning the offerings of all sorts that should be brought by particular persons according to the providences of God concerning them and the graces of God in them. Though every Israelite had an interest in these common sacrifices, yet he must not think that these will serve instead of his vows and his free-will offerings. Thus our ministers' praying with us and for us will not excuse us from praying for ourselves.
本章规定了在第七个月三个重大节期中当向耶和华献上火祭的祭物。I. 该月初一日角号节（民 29:1-6）。II. 该月初十日赎罪日（民 29:7-11）。III. 该月十五日及随后七日的住棚节（民 29:12-38）。然后是这些条例的结语（民 29:39、40）。