Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Exodus 4 Introduction
Moses continuing to express his fear that the Israelites would not credit his Divine mission, Exodus 4:1; God, to strengthen his faith, and to assure him that his countrymen would believe him, changed his rod into a serpent, and the serpent into a rod, Exodus 4:2-5; made his hand leprous, and afterwards restored it, Exodus 4:6, Exodus 4:7; intimating that he had now endued him with power to work such miracles, and that the Israelites would believe, Exodus 4:8; and farther assures him that he should have power to turn the water into blood, Exodus 4:9. Moses excuses himself on the ground of his not being eloquent, Exodus 4:10, and God reproves him for his unbelief, and promises to give him supernatural assistance, Exodus 4:11, Exodus 4:12. Moses expressing his utter unwillingness to go on any account, God is angry, and then promises to give him his brother Aaron to be his spokesman, Exodus 4:13-16, and appoints his rod to be the instrument of working miracles, Exodus 4:17. Moses returns to his relative Jethro, and requests liberty to visit his brethren in Egypt, and is permitted, Exodus 4:18. God appears to him in Midian, and assures him that the Egyptians who sought his life were dead, Exodus 4:19. Moses, with his wife and children, set out on their journey to Egypt, Exodus 4:20. God instructs him what he shall say to Pharaoh, Exodus 4:21-23. He is in danger of losing his life, because he had not circumcised his son, Exodus 4:24. Zipporah immediately circumcising the child, Moses escapes unhurt, Exodus 4:25, Exodus 4:26. Aaron is commanded to go and meet his brother Moses; he goes and meets him at Horeb, Exodus 4:27. Moses informs him of the commission he had received from God, Exodus 4:28. They both go to their brethren, deliver their message, and work miracles, Exodus 4:29, Exodus 4:30. The people believe and adore God, Exodus 4:31.
INTRODUCTION TO Exodus 4
This chapter is a continuation of the discourse that passed between God and Moses; and here Moses makes other objections to his mission; one is taken from the unbelief of the people of Israel, which is removed by giving him power to work miracles, by turning the rod in his hand into a serpent, and then into a rod again; and by putting his hand into his bosom at one time, when it became leprous, and again into the same place, when it became sound and whole, and by turning the water of the river into blood, Exodus 4:1, another objection is formed from his want of eloquence, which is answered with an assurance, that God, that made man's mouth, would be with his mouth, and teach him what to say; and besides, Aaron his brother, who was an eloquent man, should be his spokesman, Exodus 4:10 upon which he returned to Midian, and having obtained leave of his father-in-law to depart from thence, he took his wife and his sons, and returned to Egypt, Exodus 4:18 at which time he received some fresh instructions from the Lord what he should do before Pharaoh, and what he should say unto him, Exodus 4:21 then follows an account of what befell him by the way, because of the circumcision of his son, Exodus 4:24 and the chapter is closed with an account of the meeting of Moses and Aaron, and of their gathering the elders of Israel together, to whom the commission of Moses was opened, and signs done before them, to which they gave credit, and expressed their joy and thankfulness, Exodus 4:27.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ex 4:1-31.
Ex 4:1-31.
MIRACULOUS CHANGE OF THE ROD, &c.
1. But, behold--Hebrew, "If," "perhaps," "they will not believe me."--What evidence can I produce of my divine mission? There was still a want of full confidence, not in the character and divine power of his employer, but in His presence and power always accompanying him. He insinuated that his communication might be rejected and he himself treated as an impostor.
With this chapter begins the series of miracles which resulted in the deliverance of Israel. The first miracle was performed to remove the first obstacle, namely, the reluctance of Moses, conscious of his own weakness, and of the enormous power with which he would have to contend.
They will not believe me - As if he had said, Unless I be enabled to work miracles, and give them proofs by extraordinary works as well as by words, they will not believe that thou hast sent me.
And Moses answered and said,.... In reference to what Jehovah had declared to him in the latter end of the preceding chapter:
but, behold, they will not believe me, nor hearken to my voice; this seems to contradict what God had said to him, Exodus 3:18 that they would hearken to his voice; but it can hardly be thought, that so good a man, and so great a prophet as Moses was, would directly fly in the face of God, and expressly contradict what he had said. To reconcile this it may be observed, that what the Lord says respects only the elders of Israel, this all the people; or Jehovah's meaning may be, and so this of Moses, that neither the one nor the other would regard his bare word, without some sign or miracle being wrought; for as his call was extraordinary, so it required something extraordinary to be done that it might be credited:
for they will say, the Lord hath not appeared unto me: in the bush, as he would affirm he did, and might do it with the greatest assurance; yet the thing being so marvellous, and they not eyewitnesses of it, might distrust the truth of it, or be backward to receive it on his bare word; and this Moses might rather fear would be the case, from the experience he had had of them forty years ago, when it was more likely for him to have been a deliverer of them.
Moses’s objection, Exodus 4:1. The answer, Exodus 4:2. God turns his rod into a serpent, Exodus 4:3-5. He adds another sign, Exodus 4:6-8. And lest they would not believe, water is turned into blood, Exodus 4:9. Moses’s objection, Exodus 4:10. God argues with him, Exodus 4:11. God’s command and promise, Exodus 4:12. Moses’s answer, Exodus 4:13. God is angry, and enjoins Aaron to the same employment, Exodus 4:14; tells what Aaron should be, and what Moses should do, Exodus 4:15-17. Moses returning to Jethro, craves leave to go to Egypt to see his brethren: Jethro’s grant, Exodus 4:18. Moses having taken the rod of God, departs with his wife and children into Egypt, Exodus 4:20. God tells him what he should say to Pharaoh, Exodus 4:22,23. God seeketh to kill Moses, Exodus 4:24. Zipporah with a sharp knife cuts off her son’s foreskin and what she said, Exodus 4:25,26. God commands Aaron to meet Moses, Exodus 4:27. Moses declares to Aaron both what he had heard and seen, Exodus 4:28. They gather together the elders of Israel, Exodus 4:29; and Aaron speaks all the words and does all the signs which God commanded, Exodus 4:30. The people believe, Exodus 4:31.
They will not believe me; which he conjectured both from reason, because the greatness and strangeness of the deliverance made it seem incredible; and their minds were so oppressed with cares and labours, that it was not likely they could raise them up to any such expectation; and from the experience which he had of them forty years before, when their deliverance by his means and interest at court seemed much more credible than now it did.
This chapter, I. Continues and concludes God's discourse with Moses at the bush concerning this great affair of bringing Israel out of Egypt. 1. Moses objects the people's unbelief (Ex 4:1), and God answers that objection by giving him a power to work miracles, (1.) To turn his rod into a serpent, and then into a rod again, Ex 4:2-5. (2.) To make his hand leprous, and then whole again, Ex 4:6-8. (3.) To turn the water into blood, Ex 4:9. 2. Moses objects his own slowness of speech (Ex 4:10), and begs to be excused (Ex 4:13); but God answers this objection, (1.) By promising him his presence, Ex 4:11,12. (2.) By joining Aaron in commission with him, Ex 4:14-16. (3.) By putting an honour upon the very staff in his hand, Ex 4:17. II. It begins Moses's execution of his commission. 1. He obtains leave of his father-in-law to return into Egypt, Ex 4:18. 2. He receives further instructions and encouragements from God, Ex 4:19,21-23. 3. He hastens his departure, and takes his family with him, Ex 4:20. 4. He meets with some difficulty in the way about the circumcising of his son, Ex 4:24-26. 5. He has the satisfaction of meeting his brother Aaron, Ex 4:27,28. 6. He produces his commission before the elders of Israel, to their great joy, Ex 4:29-31. And thus the wheels were set a going towards that great deliverance.