Commentaire par chapitre
2 Samuel Chapitre 12
1
2 Samuel 12:1
Original anglais
Nathan came to David as if to ask his judicial decision on the case about to be submitted to him (compare 2 Samuel 14:2-11; 1 Kings 20:35-41). The circumstances of the story are exquisitely contrived to heighten the pity of David for the oppressed, and his indignation against the oppressor 1 Samuel 25:13, 1 Samuel 25:22.
6
2 Samuel 12:6
四倍に償う - 律法が正確に定めた数である(欄外の参照聖句を参照せよ)。ザアカイもこれを実行に移した。セプトゥアギンタは、Proverbs 6:31 と同様に「七倍」としている。
Original anglais
Fourfold - The exact number prescribed by the Law (see the marginal references), and acted upon by Zaccheus. The Septuagint has "sevenfold," as in Proverbs 6:31.
8
2 Samuel 12:8
あなたの主の妻たちも… - 東洋の慣習によれば、王室のハレムは王位継承財産の一部であった。預言者たちはこの種の問題について、当時の通念に従って語ったのであり、必ずしも抽象的な正義の規準に従って語ったのではない。(Matthew 19:4-9 と比較せよ。)
Original anglais
And thy master's wives ... - According to Eastern custom, the royal harem was a part of the royal inheritance. The prophets spoke in such matters according to the received opinions of their day, and not always according to the abstract rule of right. (Compare Matthew 19:4-9.)
11
2 Samuel 12:11
欄外の参照聖句を参照せよ。ダビデの罪の両面において、報いはその罪に応じたものであった。彼の姦淫はアブサロムの暴行によって罰せられ、彼の殺人は家庭内の争いの流血によって罰せられた。この争いは、アムノン、アブサロム、アドニヤという、彼のお気に入りの息子たちの少なくとも三人の命を奪ったのである。
Original anglais
See the marginal references. In both the points of David's crime the retribution was according to his sin. His adultery was punished by Absalom's outrage, his murder by the bloodshed of domestic fights, which cost the lives of at least three of his favorite sons, Amnon, Absalom, and Adonijah.
13
2 Samuel 12:13
ダビデのこのことばに対する注解については、Psalm 51; Psalm 32:1-11 を参照せよ。
あなたは死なない - これは、モーセの律法が姦淫に付した死の刑罰について述べたものではない。絶対的権力を握る東方の君主に対して、その律法(Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22; John 8:5)を適用することなど、はじめから問題外であった。ここで意味されているのは魂の死である(Ezekiel 18:4, Ezekiel 18:13, Ezekiel 18:18 と比較せよ)。
Original anglais
For a comment on David's words, read Psalm 51; Psalm 32:1-11.
Thou shalt not die - Not spoken of the punishment of death as affixed to adultery by the Mosaic Law: the application of that law Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22; John 8:5 to an absolute Eastern monarch was out of the question. The death of the soul is meant (compare Ezekiel 18:4, Ezekiel 18:13, Ezekiel 18:18).
16
2 Samuel 12:16
東洋の君主のもとに多数ある後宮の一人から生まれた幼子の死は、父親にとって一般に取るに足らない事柄であったであろう。この折にダビデが示した深い感情は、彼の愛情に富み優しい性質を示すと同時に、バテ・シェバに対する彼の情愛の強さの証左でもある。彼は最も私的な部屋、すなわちひそかな部屋（Matthew 6:6）に入り、「地の上に伏した」（2 Samuel 13:31）。ここで「地（earth）」はむしろ「地面（ground）」、すなわち寝床と対比されるその部屋の床を意味する。
Original anglais
The death of the infant child of one of the numerous harem of an Oriental monarch would in general be a matter of little moment to the father. The deep feeling shown by David on this occasion is both an indication of his affectionate and tender nature, and also a proof of the strength of his passion for Bath-sheba. He went into his most private chamber, his closet Matthew 6:6, and "lay upon the earth" 2 Samuel 13:31, rather "the ground," meaning the floor of his chamber as opposed to his couch.
24
2 Samuel 12:24
ソロモン - あるいは「平和な者」の意で、割礼の時に与えられた名である。Luke 1:59と比較せよ。主がナタンを通してエディデヤという名を授けられたことは、アブラハム、サラ、イスラエルの場合と同様に、この子に対する神の恵みを示すものであった。エディデヤという名は（ダビデという名と同じ語根、すなわち「愛する」を含んでいる）、神の摂理が実際にもたらしたもの、すなわちイスラエルにおけるソロモンの王位継承と栄光に満ちた治世を、預言的に指し示していたのである。
Original anglais
Solomon - Or "peaceable," a name given to him at his circumcision. Compare Luke 1:59. The giving of the name Jedidiah, by the Lord through Nathan, signified God's favor to the child, as in the cases of Abraham, Sarah, and Israel. The name Jedidiah (which contains the same root as the name David, namely, "to love") indicated, prophetically, what God's Providence brought about actually, namely, the succession and glorious reign of Solomon over Israel.
27
2 Samuel 12:27
水の町 - ラバ（現在のアンマン）の下町のことであり、その中に発して町を貫いて流れる小川に由来する名称である。城塞を備えた上町はその小川の北の丘の上にあり、水の供給が断たれた後は、おそらく長く保持することはできなかったであろう。
Original anglais
The city of waters - The lower town of Rabbah (the modern Ammam), so called from a stream which rises within it and flows through it. The upper town with the citadel lay on a hill to the north of the stream, and was probably not tenable for any length of time after the supply of water was cut off.
30
Traduction en attente · original anglais2 Samuel 12:30
Their king's crown - The word rendered their king (Malcham) is also the name of the national idol of the Ammonites (Jeremiah 49:1, Jeremiah 49:3 margin; Amos 1:15; Zephaniah 1:5). Moreover, the weight of the crown, which is calculated to be equal to 100 or 125 pounds weight, is far too great for a man to wear. On the whole, it seems most probable that the idol Malcam is here meant.
31
Traduction en attente · original anglais2 Samuel 12:31
For the saw as an implement of torture compare Hebrews 11:37.
Harrows of iron - Or rather thrashing-machines (Isaiah 28:27; Isaiah 41:15, etc.).
Axes - The word so rendered occurs only here and in 1 Chronicles 20:3. It evidently means some cutting instrument.
Made them pass through the brick-kiln - The phrase is that always used of the cruel process of making their children pass through the fire to Moloch, and it is likely that David punished this idolatrous practice by inflicting something similar upon the worshippers of Moloch. The cruelty of these executions belongs to the barbarous manners of the age, and was provoked by the conduct of the Ammonites 2 Samuel 10:1-4; 1 Samuel 11:1-2, but is utterly indefensible under the light of the Gospel. If Rabbah was taken before David's penitence, he may have been in an unusually harsh and severe frame of mind. The unpleasant recollection of Uriah's death would be likely to sour and irritate him to the utmost.
ナタンは、これから彼に提示されることになる事件についての裁きの決定を求めるかのようにして、ダビデのところに来た(2 Samuel 14:2-11; 1 Kings 20:35-41 と比較せよ)。この物語の状況設定は、虐げられた者に対するダビデの哀れみと、虐げる者に対する彼の憤りとをかき立てるように、実に入念に工夫されている(1 Samuel 25:13; 1 Samuel 25:22)。