Commentaire par chapitre
Psalms Chapitre 18
1
Ps 18:1-50.
简体中文
Original anglais
Ps 18:1-50.
"The servant of the LORD," which in the Hebrew precedes "David," is a significant part of the title (and not a mere epithet of David), denoting the inspired character of the song, as the production of one entrusted with the execution of God's will. He was not favored by God because he served Him, but served Him because selected and appointed by God in His sovereign mercy. After a general expression of praise and confidence in God for the future, David gives a sublimely poetical description of God's deliverance, which he characterizes as an illustration of God's justice to the innocent and His righteous government. His own prowess and success are celebrated as the results of divine aid, and, confident of its continuance, he closes in terms of triumphant praise.
2Sa 22:1-51
is a copy of this Psalm, with a few unimportant variations recorded there as a part of the history, and repeated here as part of a collection designed for permanent use.
1. I will love thee--with most tender affection.
2
Sans titre
简体中文
2, 3. 这里所用的各种用语，将神描绘为最值得完全信靠的对象。
磐石（rock）——字面作“裂隙的磐石”，可用以藏身。
力量（strength）——坚固不动摇的磐石。
救恩的角（horn of my salvation）——角既是某些最强壮动物的攻击或防御工具，常作为有效运用之能力的象征（参
De 33:17；Lu 1:69）。
高台（tower）——字面作“高处”，超越危险所及。
Original anglais
2, 3. The various terms used describe God as an object of the most implicit and reliable trust.
rock--literally, "a cleft rock," for concealment.
strength--a firm, immovable rock.
horn of my salvation--The horn, as the means of attack or defense of some of the strongest animals, is a frequent emblem of power or strength efficiently exercised (compare
De 33:17; Lu 1:69).
tower--literally, "high place," beyond reach of danger.
3
Sans titre
简体中文
3. 应当被赞美——因过去的恩惠，配得信赖。
Original anglais
3. to be praised--for past favors, and worthy of confidence.
4
Sans titre
简体中文
4. 愁苦——按字面作「如网的绳索」
（Ps 116:3）。
波浪——表「众多」。
Original anglais
4. sorrows--literally, "bands as of a net"
(Ps 116:3).
floods--denotes "multitude."
5
Sans titre
简体中文
5. 死——和阴间
（比较
Ps 16:10）
被拟人化为人的大仇敌
（比较
Re 20:13, 14）。
迎面——与我相遇，越过我的路，危害我的安全。他不是说他在他们的权下。
Original anglais
5. death--and hell (compare
Ps 16:10)
are personified as man's great enemies (compare
Re 20:13, 14).
prevented--encountered me, crossed my path, and endangered my safety. He does not mean he was in their power.
6
Sans titre
简体中文
6. 他叙述自己在苦楚中寻求舒解的方法，以及他的成功。
殿——
（比较
Ps 11:4）。
Original anglais
6. He relates his methods to procure relief when distressed, and his success.
temple--(Compare
Ps 11:4).
7
Sans titre
简体中文
7, 8. 神的降临以他昔日西奈显现的意象来描述（比较
De 32:22）。
Original anglais
7, 8. God's coming described in figures drawn from His appearance on Sinai (compare
De 32:22).
8
Sans titre
简体中文
8. 鼻孔冒烟——他在怒中发烈（比较
Ps 74:1)。
被它——即被火
(Ex 19:18)。
Original anglais
8. smoke out . . . his nostrils--bitter in His wrath (compare
Ps 74:1).
by it--that is, the fire
(Ex 19:18).
9
Sans titre
简体中文
9. 黑暗——或作密云
(Ex 19:16; De 5:22)。
Original anglais
9. darkness--or, a dense cloud
(Ex 19:16; De 5:22).
10
Sans titre
简体中文
10. 基路伯——天使的使者（比较
Ge 3:24)， 其形像被置于约柜之上
(1Sa 4:4)， 代表神的居所；此处用以增添神降临的威严。天使和风可代表神护理中一切有理性和无理性的权能（比较
Ps 104:3, 4)。
飞行——迅速的移动增添这景象的壮丽。
Original anglais
10. cherub--angelic agents (compare
Ge 3:24),
the figures of which were placed over the ark
(1Sa 4:4),
representing God's dwelling; used here to enhance the majesty of the divine advent. Angels and winds may represent all rational and irrational agencies of God's providence (compare
Ps 104:3, 4).
did fly--Rapidity of motion adds to the grandeur of the scene.
11
Sans titre
简体中文
11. 黑暗的水——或作满载水气的云。
Original anglais
11. dark waters--or, clouds heavy with vapor.
12
Sans titre
简体中文
12. 从这使观者肃然起敬的幽暗中，他借突然的光和他可畏怒气的工具启示自己
(Jos 10:11; Ps 78:47)。
Original anglais
12. Out of this obscurity, which impresses the beholder with awe and dread, He reveals Himself by sudden light and the means of His terrible wrath
(Jos 10:11; Ps 78:47).
13
Sans titre
简体中文
13. 风暴发作——雷随着闪电，并带着反复闪电的冰雹——如常见的，如同火球或火炭
(Ex 9:23)。
Original anglais
13. The storm breaks forth--thunder follows lightning, and hail with repeated lightning, as often seen, like balls or coals of fire, succeed
(Ex 9:23).
14
Sans titre
简体中文
14. 闪电如燃烧的箭迅速射过空中的火光，很好地代表了一场可畏风暴中最可怕的一部分。在这样景象的恐怖之前，仇敌惊惶失措地被推翻。
Original anglais
14. The fiery brightness of lightning, in shape like burning arrows rapidly shot through the air, well represents the most terrible part of an awful storm. Before the terrors of such a scene the enemies are confounded and overthrown in dismay.
15
Sans titre
简体中文
15. 空中的风暴伴随地上相称的结果。这话虽不表示任何特殊的物质变化，却描述了自然秩序的全然颠覆。在这样一位神面前，无人能站立。
Original anglais
15. The tempest of the air is attended by appropriate results on earth. The language, though not expressive of any special physical changes, represents the utter subversion of the order of nature. Before such a God none can stand.
16
Sans titre
简体中文
16-19. 从上——如坐在宝座上指挥这些可畏的景象，神——
伸出——他的手
(Ps 144:7)， 下到他谦卑的敬拜者那里，搭救了他。
大水——灾难
(Job 30:14; Ps 124:4, 5)。
Original anglais
16-19. from above--As seated on a throne, directing these terrible scenes, God--
sent--His hand
(Ps 144:7),
reached down to His humble worshipper, and delivered him.
many waters--calamities
(Job 30:14; Ps 124:4, 5).
18
Sans titre
简体中文
18. 迎见——
(Ps 18:3)。
Original anglais
18. prevented--
(Ps 18:3).
19
Sans titre
简体中文
19. 宽阔之地——表示安全或解救，与困苦的窘境相对
(Ps 4:1)。
他一切的拯救都归给神；这崇高的诗意描绘是为激发敬虔者的信心和恶人的畏惧。
Original anglais
19. a large place--denotes safety or relief, as contrasted with the straits of distress
(Ps 4:1).
All his deliverance is ascribed to God, and this sublime poetical representation is given to inspire the pious with confidence and the wicked with dread.
20
Sans titre
简体中文
20-24. 那些无辜、公义等的话，无疑是指他在扫罗逼迫和押沙龙叛乱中所受一切试炼期间的个人和职分行为及其心意，以及他作为神教会和百姓的元首与保护者所参与的各种战争。
Original anglais
20-24. The statements of innocence, righteousness, &c., refer, doubtless, to his personal and official conduct and his purposes, during all the trials to which he was subjected in Saul's persecutions and Absalom's rebellions, as well as the various wars in which he had been engaged as the head and defender of God's Church and people.
23
Sans titre
简体中文
23. 在他面前完全——在我与神的关系上，我对律法的各部分都完全。这完全不是指程度。
我的罪孽——也许指他心中想要杀扫罗的念头
(1Sa 24:6)。
大卫并非指他在一切关系上的一切行为，由
Ps 51:1
等可见。
Original anglais
23. upright before him--In my relation to God I have been perfect as to all parts of His law. The perfection does not relate to degree.
mine iniquity--perhaps the thought of his heart to kill Saul
(1Sa 24:6).
That David does not allude to all his conduct, in all relations, is evident from
Ps 51:1,
&c.
25
Sans titre
简体中文
25-27. 神按人的行为报应他——是在刑罚的意义上，不是在报复的意义上
(Le 26:23, 24)。
慈爱——或作「恩慈」
(Ps 4:3)。
Original anglais
25-27. God renders to men according to their deeds in a penal, not vindictive, sense
(Le 26:23, 24).
merciful--or, "kind"
(Ps 4:3).
26
Sans titre
简体中文
26. 乖僻——与……相反。
Original anglais
26. froward--contrary to.
27
Sans titre
简体中文
27. 困苦的百姓——即谦卑敬虔的人。
眼目高傲——骄傲
(Ps 101:5; 131:1)。
Original anglais
27. the afflicted people--that is, the humbly pious.
high looks--pride
(Ps 101:5; 131:1).
28
Sans titre
简体中文
28. 赐人光即赐人兴旺
(Job 18:5, 6; 21:17)。
你——是强调的，仿佛说，我可以完全信靠你得帮助。
Original anglais
28. To give one light is to make prosperous
(Job 18:5, 6; 21:17).
thou--is emphatic, as if to say, I can fully confide in Thee for help.
29
Sans titre
简体中文
29. 这是基于他过去军事生涯的经历——借这些比喻表明。
Original anglais
29. And this on past experience in his military life, set forth by these figures.
30
Sans titre
简体中文
30-32. 神的完全是诗人自己的完全之源——其完全一方面由他的信靠而来，另一方面由神所应许的帮助而来。
炼过——「如金属经火炼而显为纯」
(Ps 12:6)。
盾牌
(Ps 3:3)。
束腰对自由行动是必需的，因东方衣裳宽松；故此它是赐力量之礼的生动比喻。
Original anglais
30-32. God's perfection is the source of his own, which has resulted from his trust on the one hand, and God's promised help on the other.
tried--"as metals are tried by fire and proved genuine"
(Ps 12:6).
Shield
(Ps 3:3).
Girding was essential to free motion on account of the looseness of Oriental dresses; hence it is an expressive figure for describing the gift of strength.
33
Sans titre
简体中文
33-36. 神的帮助进一步描述。他赐迅速以追赶或逃脱仇敌
(Hab 3:19)， 赐力量、保护和稳固的立足之地。
Original anglais
33-36. God's help farther described. He gives swiftness to pursue or elude his enemies
(Hab 3:19),
strength, protection, and a firm footing.
35
Sans titre
简体中文
35. 你的温和——用于神——俯就——或他所赐的，在谦卑的意义上（比较
Pr 22:4)。
Original anglais
35. thy gentleness--as applied to God--condescension--or that which He gives, in the sense of humility (compare
Pr 22:4).
36
Sans titre
简体中文
36. 使我脚步宽阔——使我有宽敞的余地（比较
Pr 4:12)。
Original anglais
36. enlarged my steps--made ample room (compare
Pr 4:12).
37
Sans titre
简体中文
37-41. 在实际冲突中，有神之助，仇敌的失败是必然的。表示现今和持续的成功。
Original anglais
37-41. In actual conflict, with God's aid, the defeat of his enemies is certain. A present and continued success is expressed.
39
Sans titre
简体中文
39. 攻击我的——按字面作「叛乱者」
(Ps 3:1; 44:5)。
Original anglais
39. that rose up against me--literally, "insurgents"
(Ps 3:1; 44:5).
40
Sans titre
简体中文
40. 使我服在我的脚下——按字面作「后颈项的背」；使他们退却
(Ex 23:27; Jos 7:8)。
Original anglais
40. given me the necks--literally, "backs of the necks"; made them retreat
(Ex 23:27; Jos 7:8).
42
Sans titre
简体中文
42. 这征服是完全的。
Original anglais
42. This conquest was complete.
43
Sans titre
简体中文
43-45. 他不但征服内敌，也征服外邦——他们被赶出避难之处。
Original anglais
43-45. Not only does He conquer civil foes, but foreigners, who are driven from their places of refuge.
44
Sans titre
简体中文
44. 归顺等——（比较旁注）——即表示勉强的臣服。
Original anglais
44. submit, &c.--(compare Margin)--that is, show a forced subjection.
46
Sans titre
简体中文
46. 耶和华是活的——把他与偶像相对照
(1Co 8:4)。
Original anglais
46. The Lord liveth--contrasts Him with idols
(1Co 8:4).
47
Sans titre
简体中文
47, 48. 为我报仇——他的事被神采纳为自己的。
Original anglais
47, 48. avengeth me--His cause is espoused by God as His own.
48
Sans titre
简体中文
48. 举起我——到安全和尊荣之处。
Original anglais
48. liftest me up--to safety and honors.
49
Sans titre
简体中文
49, 50. 保罗
(Ro 15:9)
引自本颂，为要表明在旧约制度下，犹太人以外的人也被视为那属灵治理的子民——大卫为其元首；他在这角色中的拯救和得胜，预表大卫那位更大之子的更辉煌得胜。
Ps 18:50
的话明显地支持这观点——它清楚地暗指那大应许（比较
2Sa 7:12)。
在大卫一切成功中，他都看见那应许应验的凭据；他在一切逆境中忧伤，不仅因他个人的苦，更因为他看见其中对那交托他保管之大事的危险证据。正是从这些方面来看他的品格，我们才能正确地欣赏他忧愁和受苦、喜乐和成功所附的重要性。
Original anglais
49, 50. Paul
(Ro 15:9)
quotes from this doxology to show that under the Old Testament economy, others than the Jews were regarded as subjects of that spiritual government of which David was head, and in which character his deliverances and victories were typical of the more illustrious triumphs of David's greater Son. The language of
Ps 18:50
justifies this view in its distinct allusion to the great promise (compare
2Sa 7:12).
In all David's successes he saw the pledges of a fulfilment of that promise, and he mourned in all his adversities, not only in view of his personal suffering, but because he saw in them evidences of danger to the great interests which were committed to his keeping. It is in these aspects of his character that we are led properly to appreciate the importance attached to his sorrows and sufferings, his joys and successes.
Ps 18:1-50.
"耶和华的仆人"在希伯来文中位于"大卫"之前，是题注的重要部分（并非仅是大卫的称号），表明本歌的默示性质，是一位受托执行神旨意者所作。他蒙神恩待并非因为他事奉神，而是因神在祂的主权怜悯中拣选并设立了他，他才事奉神。大卫先以概括的话语赞美神并对未来表达信心，继而以崇高的诗歌笔法描述神的拯救，他将其描述为神对无辜者的公义和祂公义治理的例证。他自己的勇武和成功作为神帮助的果效而受颂赞，且因确信这帮助必继续，他以得胜赞美的言词作为结束。
2Sa 22:1-51
是本篇的一份副本，仅有少数无关紧要的差异，在那里作为历史的一部分记载，此处则作为供永久使用之汇编的一部分重复。