Commentaire par chapitre
Exodus Chapitre 26
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Original anglais
Moses here receives instructions, I. Concerning the inner curtains of the tent or tabernacle, and the coupling of those curtains, Ex 26:1-6. II. Concerning the outer curtains which were of goats' hair, to strengthen the former, Ex 26:7-13. III. Concerning the case or cover which was to secure it from the weather, Ex 26:14. IV. Concerning the boards which were to be reared up to support the curtains, with their bars and sockets, Ex 26:15-30. V. The partition between the holy place and the most holy, Ex 26:31-35. VI. The veil for the door, Ex 26:36,37. These particulars, thus largely recorded, seem of little use to us now; yet, having been of great use to Moses and Israel, and God having thought fit to preserve down to us the remembrance of them, we ought not to overlook them. Even the antiquity renders this account venerable.
1-37
The Tabernacle and Its Furniture (1491 BC)
繁體中文
會幕與其中的器具（主前1491年）
¹ 「你要用十幅幔子做帳幕。這些幔子要用撚的細麻和藍色、紫色、朱紅色線製造，並用巧匠的手工繡上基路伯。
² 每幅幔子要長二十八肘，寬四肘，幔子都要一樣的尺寸。
³ 這五幅幔子要幅幅相連；又那五幅幔子也要幅幅相連。
⁴ 在這相連的幔子末幅邊上要做藍色的鈕扣；在那相連的幔子末幅邊上也要照樣做。
⁵ 要在這相連的幔子上做五十個鈕扣，在那相連的幔子上也做五十個鈕扣，都是兩兩相對。
⁶ 又要做五十個金鉤，用鉤使幔子相連。這才成了一個帳幕。
I. 這殿必須是帳幕或帳棚，如軍隊在營中所用的，既是卑微的住處，又是可移動的；然而神的約櫃直到所羅門在此後四百八十年建造聖殿（王上六1），才得着更好的住處。神這樣以會幕在他們中間彰顯他的同在：（1）為配合他們目前在曠野的處境，使他們無論往何處去都有他同在。當注意：神使他的恩惠的表記和他恩典的賞賜配合他百姓的需要和必需，照着他們的狀況──順境或逆境、安定或漂泊──安排他的憐憫。你從水中經過，我必與你同在（賽四十三2）。（2）使它代表神教會在這世上的狀態，這是帳幕狀態（詩十五1）。我們在這裏本沒有常存的城；我們既是這世上的客旅，又是往更好之處去的旅客，直到到了天上才得安定。教會的特權是可以從一處搬到另一處的動產；福音不繫於任何地方；燈臺在帳棚中，可以輕易被挪去（啟二5）。我們若寶貴會幕、善用其特權，無論往何處它都隨我們同行；我們若疏忽它、羞辱它，無論住在何處它都必離棄我們。我所親愛的在我殿中做甚麼呢？（耶十一15）。
II. 會幕的幔子必須與屬天的樣式相符。（1）它們必須極其貴重，是最好的細麻；顏色十分悅目：藍色、紫色、朱紅色。（2）它們要繡上基路伯（出二十六1），暗示神的天使在教會四圍安營（詩三十四7）。正如施恩座之上有基路伯，照樣會幕四圍也有基路伯；因為我們看見天使環繞，不但環繞寶座，也環繞長老（啟五11）。（3）要有兩幅幔子，每幅五幅布縫合，再用金鉤或金扣將兩幅幔子連接，使它成為一個會幕（出二十六6）。照樣基督的教會和聖徒雖多，卻合而為一，在聖潔的愛中聯絡得合式，並藉着聖靈的合一，漸漸成為主的聖殿（弗二21、22，四16）。這會幕十分狹窄；但在福音傳開之時，教會被吩咐擴張帳幕之地，放長繩子，堅固橛子（賽五十四2）。
⁷ 「你要用山羊毛織十一幅幔子，作為帳幕以上的罩棚。
⁸ 每幅幔子要長三十肘，寬四肘；十一幅幔子都要一樣的尺寸。
⁹ 要把五幅幔子連成一幅，又把六幅幔子連成一幅；這第六幅幔子要在罩棚的前面摺上去。
¹⁰ 在這相連的幔子末幅邊上要做五十個鈕扣；在那相連的幔子末幅邊上也做五十個鈕扣。
¹¹ 又要做五十個銅鉤，鉤在鈕扣中，使罩棚連成一個。
¹² 罩棚的幔子所餘那垂下來的，就是所餘的半幅幔子，要垂在帳幕的後頭。
¹³ 罩棚的幔子所餘長的，一邊一肘，那邊一肘，要垂在帳幕的兩旁，遮蓋帳幕。
¹⁴ 又要用染紅的公羊皮做罩棚的蓋；再用海狗皮做一層罩棚上的頂蓋。
摩西在此受命為會幕做雙層遮蓋，使雨水不致滲入，並保護那些精美幔子的美觀不受損。（1）要做一層山羊毛幔子的遮蓋，各方面都比內層幔子稍大，因為它要包圍它們，大概與它們保持一些距離張開（出二十六7等）。這些用銅鉤連接。材料較不貴重，鉤子也如此；但銅鉤與金鉤同樣能達到目的。合一的紐帶在山羊毛幔子之間和在紫色朱紅色幔子之間可以同樣堅固。（2）在其上還要另有一層遮蓋，而且是雙層的（出二十六14），一層是染紅的公羊皮，大概連毛硝製；另一層是海狗皮──我們如此翻譯，但看來更可能是某種堅韌的皮革（且十分精美），因為我們讀到上好的鞋是用它製成的（結十六10）。如今當注意：（一）會幕的外部粗糙，其美觀在於內層的幔子。神所內住的人當力求比表面所見更為美好。假冒為善的人把最好的外表擺在外面，如同粉飾的墳墓；但王女在宮裏，極其榮華（詩四十五13）；在世人眼中黑如基達的帳棚，在神眼中卻美如所羅門的幔子（歌一5）。願我們的裝飾是那隱藏在心裏的人，是神所看重的（彼前三4）。（二）神既將他的榮耀放在何處，就必在其上創造防護；義人的住處之上必有一個遮蔽（賽六5、6）。神的護理之保護必常在聖潔之美上。神的帳棚必作為亭子（詩二十七5）。
¹⁵ 「你要用皂莢木做帳幕的豎板。
¹⁶ 每塊要長十肘，寬一肘半；
¹⁷ 每塊必有兩榫相對。帳幕一切的板都要這樣做。
¹⁸ 帳幕的南面要做板二十塊。
¹⁹ 在這二十塊板底下要做四十個帶卯的銀座，兩卯接這塊板上的兩榫，兩卯接那塊板上的兩榫。
²⁰ 帳幕第二面，就是北面，也要做板二十塊
²¹ 和帶卯的銀座四十個；這板底下兩卯，那板底下兩卯。
²² 帳幕的後面，就是西面，要做板六塊。
²³ 帳幕後面的拐角要做板兩塊。
²⁴ 板的下半截要雙的，上半截要整的，直到第一個環子；兩塊都要這樣做兩個拐角。
²⁵ 必有八塊板和十六個帶卯的銀座──這板底下兩卯，那板底下兩卯。
²⁶ 你要用皂莢木做閂：為帳幕這面的板做五閂，
²⁷ 為帳幕那面的板做五閂，又為帳幕後面西面的板做五閂。
²⁸ 板腰間的中閂要從這一頭通到那一頭。
²⁹ 板要用金子包裹，又要做板上的金環套閂；閂也要用金子包裹。
³⁰ 要照着在山上指示你的樣式立起帳幕。
此處關於會幕的板有極其具體的指示，這些板要支撐幔子，如同帳棚的樁子，必須堅固（賽五十四2）。這些板有榫頭，插入銀座中為它們所做的卯眼中。神設法使會幕中每一件都既堅固又精美。幔子若無板支撐，便會被每一陣風搖動；但人心靠恩得堅固才是好的，這正如板支撐職事的幔子，否則幔子不能持久。板在上面和下面用金環連接（出二十六24），用穿過每塊板上金釘的閂使之穩固（出二十六26），板和閂都包上厚厚的金（出二十六29）。這樣會幕中每一件都十分華麗，與教會那嬰孩時期相符；在那時期這些事足以取悅孩童，使敬拜者的心對神的榮耀生發敬畏，並感動他們體會那位說我要住在這裏之君王的偉大；新耶路撒冷被說為是純金的（啟二十一18），正是暗指此事。但建造福音教會的人說：金銀我都沒有；然而他們所建之殿的榮耀遠超會幕（林後三10、11）。*智慧比金子何等更寶貴！*此處沒有關於會幕地板的指示；大概那也是鋪了板的；因為我們不能設想在這一切精美的幔子之內，他們竟踏在寒冷潮濕的地面上；若是如此留下，那可提醒我們出埃及記二十章二十四節：你要為我築一座土壇。
³¹ 「你要用藍色、紫色、朱紅色線，和撚的細麻織幔子，以刺繡的手工繡上基路伯。
³² 要把幔子掛在四根包金的皂莢木柱子上，柱子上當有金鉤；柱子安在四個帶卯的銀座上。
³³ 要使幔子垂在鉤子下，把法櫃抬進幔子內；這幔子要將聖所和至聖所隔開。
³⁴ 又要把施恩座安在至聖所內的法櫃上。
³⁵ 把桌子安在幔子外帳幕的北面；把燈臺安在帳幕的南面，彼此相對。
³⁶ 「你要拿藍色、紫色、朱紅色線，和撚的細麻，用繡花的手工織帳幕的門簾。
³⁷ 要用皂莢木為簾子做五根柱子，用金子包裹；柱子上當有金鉤；又要為柱子用銅鑄造五個帶卯的座。」
此處吩咐要做兩幅幔子。（1）一幅用作聖所與至聖所之間的隔屏，不但禁止任何人進入，連窺看至聖所也不可（出二十六31、33）。在那時代，屬神的恩典是被遮蔽的；但如今我們敞着臉觀看（林後三18）。使徒告訴我們（來九8、9）這幔子的意義；它暗示禮儀律不能使進前來的人得以完全，遵行它也不能使人到達天堂；進入至聖所的路還未顯明，頭一層帳幕仍存立的時候；生命和不朽隱而未顯，直到藉着福音彰顯出來；所以基督死時這幔子裂開（太二十七51）正預表了這事。我們得以坦然進入至聖所，在一切敬拜中靠着耶穌的血，然而這使我們有義務存聖潔的敬畏，並謙卑地體會自己的距離。（2）另一幅幔子用作會幕的外門（出二十六36、37）。祭司每天經過這頭一幅幔子進入聖所事奉，百姓卻不可（來九6）。這幅幔子是會幕對抗盜賊和強盜的全部防衛，容易被人衝破，因為它既不能上鎖也不能上閂，而會幕中豐富的財富看來可能成為試探；但留着如此暴露：（一）祭司和利未人便更有義務嚴密看守；（二）神要表明他顧念他在地上的教會，雖然它軟弱無助、不斷暴露在危險中。一幅幔子（若神樂意使之如此）能成為他殿的防護，如同銅門鐵閂一樣堅固。
Original anglais
The Tabernacle and Its Furniture (1491 BC)
¹ Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them.
² The length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and every one of the curtains shall have one measure.
³ The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and other five curtains shall be coupled one to another.
⁴ And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.
⁵ Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, and fifty loops shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of the second; that the loops may take hold one of another.
⁶ And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle.
I. The house must be a tabernacle or tent, such as soldiers now use in the camp, which was both a mean dwelling and a movable one; and yet the ark of God had not better, till Solomon built the temple 480 years after this, 1Ki 6:1. God manifested his presence among them thus in a tabernacle, 1. In compliance with their present condition in the wilderness, that they might have him with them wherever they went. Note, God suits the tokens of his favour, and the gifts of his grace, to his people's wants and necessities, according as they are, accommodating his mercy to their state, prosperous or adverse, settled or unsettled. When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee, Isa 43:2. 2. That it might represent the state of God's church in this world, it is a tabernacle-state, Ps 15:1. We have here no continuing city; being strangers in this world, and travellers towards a better, we shall never be fixed till we come to heaven. Church-privileges are movable goods, from one place to another; the gospel is not tied to any place; the candlestick is in a tent, and may easily be taken away, Re 2:5. If we make much of the tabernacle, and improve the privilege of it, wherever we go it will accompany us; but, if we neglect and disgrace it, wherever we stay it will forsake us. What hath my beloved to do in my house? Jer 11:15.
II. The curtains of the tabernacle must correspond to a divine pattern. 1. They were to be very rich, the best of the kind, fine twined linen; and colours very pleasing, blue, and purple, and scarlet. 2. They were to be embroidered with cherubim (Ex 26:1), to intimate that the angels of God pitch their tents round about the church, Ps 34:7. As there were cherubim over the mercy-seat, so there were round the tabernacle; for we find the angels compassing, not only the throne, but the elders; see Re 5:11. 3. There were to be two hangings, five breadths in each, sewed together, and the two hangings coupled together with golden clasps, or tacks, so that it might be all one tabernacle, Ex 26:6. Thus the churches of Christ and the saints, though they are many, are yet one, being fitly joined together in holy love, and by the unity of the Spirit, so growing into one holy temple in the Lord, Eph 2:21,22,4:16. This tabernacle was very strait and narrow; but, at the preaching of the gospel, the church is bidden to enlarge the place of her tent, and to stretch forth her curtains, Is 54:2.
⁷ And thou shalt make curtains of goats' hair to be a covering upon the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make.
⁸ The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure.
⁹ And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle.
¹⁰ And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second.
¹¹ And thou shalt make fifty taches of brass, and put the taches into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one.
¹² And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remaineth, shall hang over the backside of the tabernacle.
¹³ And a cubit on the one side, and a cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the tent, it shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it.
¹⁴ And thou shalt make a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering above of badgers' skins.
Moses is here ordered to make a double covering for the tabernacle, that it might not rain in, and that the beauty of those fine curtains might not be damaged. 1. There was to be a covering of hair camlet curtains, which were somewhat larger every way than the inner curtains, because they were to enclose them, and probably were stretched out at some little distance from them, Ex 26:7, etc. These were coupled together with brass clasps. The stuff being less valuable, the tacks were so; but the brass tacks would answer the intention as effectually as the golden ones. The bonds of unity may be as strong between curtains of goats' hair as between those of purple and scarlet. 2. Over this there was to be another covering, and that a double one (Ex 26:14), one of rams' skins dyed red, probably dressed with the wool on; another of badgers' skins, so we translate it, but it should rather seem to have been some strong sort of leather (but very fine), for we read of the best sort of shoes being made of it, Eze 16:10. Now observe here, (1.) That the outside of the tabernacle was coarse and rough, the beauty of it was in the inner curtains. Those in whom God dwells must labour to be better than they seem to be. Hypocrites put the best side outwards, like whited sepulchres; but the king's daughter is all glorious within (Ps 45:13); in the eye of the world black as the tents of Kedar, but, in the eye of God, comely as the curtains of Solomon, So 1:5. Let our adorning be that of the hidden man of the heart, which God values, 1Pe 3:4. (2.) That where God places his glory he will create a defence upon it; even upon the habitations of the righteous there shall be a covert, Isa 6:5,6. The protection of Providence shall always be upon the beauty of holiness. God's tent will be a pavilion, Ps 27:5.
¹⁵ And thou shalt make boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood standing up.
¹⁶ Ten cubits shall be the length of a board, and a cubit and a half shall be the breadth of one board.
¹⁷ Two tenons shall there be in one board, set in order one against another: thus shalt thou make for all the boards of the tabernacle.
¹⁸ And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards on the south side southward.
¹⁹ And thou shalt make forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons.
²⁰ And for the second side of the tabernacle on the north side there shall be twenty boards:
²¹ And their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.
²² And for the sides of the tabernacle westward thou shalt make six boards.
²³ And two boards shalt thou make for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides.
²⁴ And they shall be coupled together beneath, and they shall be coupled together above the head of it unto one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners.
²⁵ And they shall be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.
²⁶ And thou shalt make bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,
²⁷ And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the side of the tabernacle, for the two sides westward.
²⁸ And the middle bar in the midst of the boards shall reach from end to end.
²⁹ And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars with gold.
³⁰ And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereof which was showed thee in the mount.
Very particular directions are here given about the boards of the tabernacle, which were to bear up the curtains, as the stakes of a tent which had need to be strong, Isa 54:2. These boards had tenons which fell into the mortises that were made for them in silver bases. God took care to have every thing strong, as well as fine, in his tabernacle. Curtains without boards would have been shaken by every wind; but it is a good thing to have the heart established with grace, which is as the boards to support the curtains of profession, which otherwise will not hold out long. The boards were coupled together with gold rings at top and bottom (Ex 26:24), and kept firm with bars that ran through golden staples in every board (Ex 26:26), and the boards and bars were all richly gilded, Ex 26:29. Thus every thing in the tabernacle was very splendid, agreeable to that infant state of the church, when such things were proper enough to please children, to possess the minds of the worshippers with a reverence of the divine glory, and to affect them with the greatness of that prince who said, Here will I dwell; in allusion to this the new Jerusalem is said to be of pure gold, Re 21:18. But the builders of the gospel church said, Silver and gold have we none; and yet the glory of their building far exceeded that of the tabernacle, 2Co 3:10,11. How much better is wisdom than gold! No orders are given here about the floor of the tabernacle; probably that also was boarded; for we cannot think that within all these fine curtains they trod upon the cold or wet ground; if it was so left, it may remind us of Ex 20:24, An altar of earth shalt thou make unto me.
³¹ And thou shalt make a vail of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made:
³² And thou shalt hang it upon four pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold: their hooks shall be of gold, upon the four sockets of silver.
³³ And thou shalt hang up the vail under the taches, that thou mayest bring in thither within the vail the ark of the testimony: and the vail shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most holy.
³⁴ And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.
³⁵ And thou shalt set the table without the vail, and the candlestick over against the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side.
³⁶ And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework.
³⁷ And thou shalt make for the hanging five pillars of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, and their hooks shall be of gold: and thou shalt cast five sockets of brass for them.
Two veils are here ordered to be made, 1. One for a partition between the holy place and the most holy, which not only forbade any to enter, but forbade them so much as to look into the holiest of all, Ex 26:31,33. Under that dispensation, divine grace was veiled, but now we behold it with open face, 2Co 3:18. The apostle tells us (Heb 9:8,9) what was the meaning of this veil; it intimated that the ceremonial law could not make the comers thereunto perfect, nor would the observance of it bring men to heaven; the way into the holiest of all was not made manifest while the first tabernacle was standing; life and immortality lay concealed till they were brought to light by the gospel, which was therefore signified by the rending of this veil at the death of Christ, Mt 27:51. We have not boldness to enter into the holiest, in all acts of devotion, by the blood of Jesus, yet such as obliges us to a holy reverence and a humble sense of our distance. 2. Another veil was for the outer door of the tabernacle, Ex 26:36,37. Through this first veil the priests went in every day to minister in the holy place, but not the people, Heb 9:6. This veil, which was all the defence the tabernacle had against thieves and robbers, might easily be broken through, for it could be neither locked nor barred, and the abundance of wealth in the tabernacle, one would think, might be a temptation; but by leaving it thus exposed, (1.) The priests and Levites would be so much the more obliged to keep a strict watch upon it, and, (2.) God would show his care of his church on earth, though it is weak and defenceless, and continually exposed. A curtain shall be (if God please to make it so) as strong a defence to his house as gates of brass and bars of iron.
摩西在此領受指示：一、關乎帳幕（會幕）內層的幔子，以及這些幔子的連接，出 26:1-6。二、關乎山羊毛織的外層幔子，用以堅固前者，出 26:7-13。三、關乎保護它免受風雨侵襲的罩棚蓋，出 26:14。四、關乎當豎立起來支撐幔子的豎板，連同其橫木和帶卯的座，出 26:15-30。五、聖所與至聖所之間的隔幔，出 26:31-35。六、門簾，出 26:36,37。這些細節如此詳細地記錄下來，如今對我們似乎用處不大；然而它們既曾對摩西和以色列大有用處，神又認為合宜把對它們的記念保存流傳給我們，我們就不當忽略。即使是其古遠本身，也使這段記述令人肅然起敬。