Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Deuteronomy 19 Introduction
Three cities of refuge to be appointed in the midst of the promised land; the land being divided into three parts, a city is to be placed in each, a proper way to which is to be prepared, Deuteronomy 19:1-3. In what cases of manslaughter the benefit of those cities may be claimed, Deuteronomy 19:4-6. Three cities more to be added should the Lord enlarge their coasts, and the reasons why, Deuteronomy 19:7-10. The intentional murderer shall have no benefit from these cities, Deuteronomy 19:11-13. The landmark is not to be shifted, Deuteronomy 19:14. One witness shall not be deemed sufficient to convict a man, Deuteronomy 19:15. How a false witness shall be dealt with - he shall bear the punishment which he designed should have been inflicted on his neighbor, Deuteronomy 19:16-20. Another command to establish the lex talionis, Deuteronomy 19:21.
INTRODUCTION TO Deuteronomy 19
This chapter contains an order to separate three cities of refuge in the land of Canaan, for such that killed a man unawares to flee to, of which those who were guilty of murder purposely were to have no benefit, Deuteronomy 19:1, a law is given against removing landmarks, Deuteronomy 19:14, and others concerning witnesses, that they should be more than one; be two, or three, Deuteronomy 19:15, and that a false witness, on conviction, should be punished, Deuteronomy 19:16.
XIX.
Here a fresh section of the laws begins. See Introduction for a full analysis.
III. Third Division of the Laws. Of Crime, War, Property, the Family, and Equity. 19–25
Over 50 laws on all these relations and duties of the ordinary citizen. This division of the Code is distinguished from the two previous, (1) by being uninfluenced—except in the case of the first law, on the Cities of Refuge, and perhaps also in Deuteronomy 21:1-9, Deuteronomy 23:15 f.—by the centralisation of the Cultus; (2) by a less orderly arrangement; and (3) by the appearance of new terms and ideas such as the elders (explicable by the fact that the subjects of these laws are not new institutions consequent on the centralisation of the cultus but older local customs and organisation), the house of the Lord, the assembly of the Lord, etc. But we find prevailing the same deuteronomic language and style, the same proofs of compilation from earlier codes (doublets, traces of fusion, etc.) and the same signs of editorial expansion. The principle of grouping laws according to the relation to their subjects is sometimes observed but frequently departed from. The only other explanation of the order followed is the presence of corresponding catch-words at the end and beginning of consecutive laws. See below.
CHAPTER 19
Of the Cities of Refuge
Israel shall set apart three of the cities of the land (Deuteronomy 19:1 f.)—to be selected after their position is taken into account and the land divided into three parts—so that every manslayer may have the chance of asylum (Deuteronomy 19:3). And (a) this is the case of the manslayer who by flight there shall secure his life: viz. if he has slain his neighbour accidentally, as e.g. when they were hewing wood (Deuteronomy 19:4-6). Therefore three cities (Deuteronomy 19:7). But if God enlarge Israel’s land three more shall be added so that no innocent blood be shed (Deuteronomy 19:8-10). But (b) the wilful murderer who flees to one of these cities shall be brought thence by the elders of his commune and delivered to the avenger, that the guilt be removed from Israel (Deuteronomy 19:11-13).—In the Sg. throughout and with many phrases of D. Yet there are signs of compilation. As in Deuteronomy 15:2 ff. an earlier law seems to be quoted, for, as there, neighbour is used instead of brother which is usual in Sg. passages.
Stade (Gesch. i. 664, n. 3), Berth. and Marti take Deuteronomy 19:8-10 as later than the rest of the law, on the ground that it breaks the connection between the two cases of manslaughter, (a) the innocent, and (b) the wilful. This is not at all certain. The provision of three more cities, Deuteronomy 19:8-10, comes naturally after the case of the innocent slayer in whose interest it is made, as Deuteronomy 19:10 points out; and it may well be from the same hand as 4 ff. Nor is there reason for supposing (with Steuern.) that Deuteronomy 19:11-13 are from another hand than Deuteronomy 19:3 b ff., for Deuteronomy 19:3 b says that the cities are for every manslayer, therefore for the guilty (Deuteronomy 19:11-13) as well as for the innocent (Deuteronomy 19:4 ff.), that all alike may have a fair trial; and both Deuteronomy 19:4 ff. and Deuteronomy 19:11 use the term neighbour. The position of Deuteronomy 19:8-10 and the order of the whole passage are thus quite logical. At the same time Deuteronomy 19:8-10 have been expanded by some standard formulas (see notes) and others appear in Deuteronomy 19:1-3; Deuteronomy 19:13. It is remarkable how unnecessary these phrases of D are, and how when they are removed, there is left (as in other cases) a law, compact, consistent, and so far sufficient. It is, of course, impossible to say whether the law had originally none of these phrases, and therefore no reference to Moses or Israel’s standpoint before entering the land. But it yields these certain signs of its origin. It is a consequence of D’s centralisation of the cultus, and is therefore later than E whose law, Exodus 21:12-14, recognises every altar of Jehovah as an asylum, cp. 1 Kings 1:50; 1 Kings 2:28 f. Also the mitigation of the violence of the vendetta agrees with the equity and humanity that pervade D’s Code. Like other laws of D this does not abolish but qualifies the earlier procedure. The avenger is not superseded, but remains the executioner of the wilful murderer of his kinsman, only he cannot perform this family duty till the public authorities have delivered the murderer to him. Again, the law was drawn when Israel’s territory was still small (Deuteronomy 19:3; Deuteronomy 19:8) therefore hardly in the reign of Solomon, to which some scholars assign the Bk. of Deut. On the relation of D’s law to the corresponding laws and other passages in P, and to the fragment above, Deuteronomy 4:41-43, see notes on the latter.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
De 19:1-13.
De 19:1-13.
OF THE CITIES OF REFUGE.
This and the next two chapters contain enactments designed to protect human life, and to impress its sanctity on Israel.
In Deuteronomy 19:1-13 the directions respecting the preparation of the roads to the cities of refuge, the provision of additional cities in case of an extension of territory, and the intervention of the elders as representing the congregation, are unique to Deuteronomy and supplementary to the laws on the same subject given in the earlier books (compare the marginal reference).
Deuteronomy 19:1, Deuteronomy 19:2
The three cities of refuge for the district east of Jordan had been already named. Moses now directs that when the territory on the west of Jordan had been conquered, a like allotment of three other cities in it should be made. This was accordingly done; compare Joshua 20:1 ff,
When the Lord thy God hath cut off the nations whose land the Lord thy God giveth thee,.... The seven nations of the land of Canaan, whose destruction was of the Lord for their sins, and whose land was a gift of him that had a right to dispose of it to the children of Israel; see Deuteronomy 12:29.
and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; should possess their land in their stead, by virtue of the gift of it to them by the Lord, and inhabit their cities and houses built by them.
The laws which Moses had hitherto been repeating and urging mostly concerned the acts of religion and devotion towards God; but here he comes more fully to press the duties of righteousness between man and man. This chapter relates, I. To the sixth commandment, "Thou shalt not kill," De 19:1-13. II. To the eighth commandment, "Thou shalt not steal," De 19:14. III. To the ninth commandment, "Thou shalt not bear false witness," De 19:15-21, etc.