Commentari biblici

Heb 8:1-13.

CHRIST, THE HIGH PRIEST IN THE TRUE SANCTUARY, SUPERSEDING THE LEVITICAL PRIESTHOOD; THE NEW RENDERS OBSOLETE THE OLD COVENANT.

1. the sum--rather, "the principal point"; for the participle is present, not past, which would be required if the meaning were "the sum." "The chief point in (or, 'in the case'; so the Greek,

Heb 9:10, 15, 17)

the things which we are speaking," literally, "which are being spoken."

such--so transcendently pre-eminent, namely in this respect, that "He is set on the right hand of," &c. Infinitely above all other priests in this one grand respect, He exercises His priesthood IN HEAVEN, not in the earthly "holiest place"

(Heb 10:12).

The Levitical high priests, even when they entered the Holiest Place once a year, only STOOD for a brief space before the symbol of God's throne; but Jesus SITS on the throne of the Divine Majesty in the heaven itself, and this for ever

(Heb 10:11, 12).

2. minister--The Greek term implies priestly ministry in the temple.

the sanctuary--Greek, "the holy places"; the Holy of Holies. Here the heavenly sanctuary is meant.

the true--the archetypal and antitypical, as contrasted with the typical and symbolical

(Heb 9:24).

Greek "alethinos" (used here) is opposed to that which does not fulfil its idea, as for instance, a type; "alethes," to that which is untrue and unreal, as a lie. The measure of alethes is reality; that of alethinos, ideality. In alethes the idea corresponds to the thing; in alethinos, the thing to the idea [KALMIS in ALFORD].

tabernacle--

(Heb 9:11).

His body. Through His glorified body as the tabernacle, Christ passes into the heavenly "Holy of Holies," the immediate immaterial presence of God, where He intercedes for us. This tabernacle in which God dwells, is where God in Christ meets us who are "members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones." This tabernacle answers to the heavenly Jerusalem, where God's visible presence is to be manifested to His perfected saints and angels, who are united in Christ the Head; in contradistinction to His personal invisible presence in the Holy of Holies unapproachable save to Christ.

Joh 1:14,

"Word . . . dwelt among us," Greek, "tabernacled."

pitched--Greek, "fixed" firmly.

not man--as Moses

(Heb 8:5).

3. For--assigning his reason for calling him "minister of the sanctuary"

(Heb 8:2).

somewhat--He does not offer again His once for all completed sacrifice. But as the high priest did not enter the Holy Place without blood, so Christ has entered the heavenly Holy Place with His own blood. That "blood of sprinkling" is in heaven. And is thence made effectual to sprinkle believers as the end of their election

(1Pe 1:2).

The term "consecrate" as a priest, is literally, to fill the hand, implying that an offering is given into the hands of the priest, which it is his duty to present to God. If a man be a priest, he must have some gift in his hands to offer. Therefore, Christ, as a priest, has His blood as His oblation to offer before God.

4. Implying that Christ's priestly office is exercised in heaven, not in earth; in the power of His resurrection life, not of His earthly life.

For--The oldest manuscripts read, "accordingly then."

if, &c.--"if He were on earth, He would not even (so the Greek) be a priest" (compare

Heb 7:13, 14);

therefore, certainly, He could not exercise the high priestly function in the earthly Holy of Holies.

seeing that, &c.--"since there are" already, and exist now (the temple service not yet being set aside, as it was on the destruction of Jerusalem), "those (the oldest manuscripts omit 'priests') who offer the (appointed) gifts according to (the) law." Therefore, His sacerdotal "ministry" must be "in the heavens," not on earth

(Heb 8:1).

"If His priesthood terminated on the earth, He would not even be a priest at all" [BENGEL]. I conceive that the denial here of Christ's priesthood on earth does not extend to the sacrifice on the cross which He offered as a priest on earth; but applies only to the crowning work of His priesthood, the bringing of the blood into the Holy of Holies, which He could not have done in the earthly Holy of Holies, as not being an Aaronic priest. The place (the heavenly Holy of Holies) was as essential to the atonement being made as the oblation (the blood). The body was burnt without the gate; but the sanctification was effected by the presentation of the blood within the sanctuary by the high priest. If on earth, He would not be a priest in the sense of the law of Moses ("according to the law" is emphatic).

5. Who--namely, the priests.

serve unto the example--not "after the example," as BENGEL explains. But as in

Heb 13:10,

"serve the tabernacle," that is, do it service: so "serve (the tabernacle which is but) the outline and shadow." The Greek for "example" is here taken for the sketch, copy, or suggestive representation of the heavenly sanctuary, which is the antitypical reality and primary archetype. "The mount" answers to heaven,

Heb 12:22.

admonished--The Greek especially applies to divine responses and commands.

to make--"perfectly": so the Greek.

See--Take heed, accurately observing the pattern, that so thou mayest make, &c.

saith he--God.

the pattern--an accurate representation, presented in vision to Moses, of the heavenly real sanctuary. Thus the earthly tabernacle was copy of a copy; but the latter accurately representing the grand archetypical original in heaven

(Ex 25:40).

6. now--not time; but "as it is."

more excellent ministry--than any earthly ministry.

by how much--in proportion as.

mediator--coming between us and God, to carry into effect God's covenant with us. "The messenger (angel) of the covenant."

which--Greek, "one which" [ALFORD]: inasmuch as being one which.

established--Greek, "enacted as a law." So

Ro 3:27,

"law of faith"; and

Ro 8:2; 9:31,

apply "law" to the Gospel covenant. It is implied hereby, the Gospel is founded on the law, in the spirit and essence of the latter.

upon--resting upon.

better promises--enumerated

Heb 8:10, 11.

The Old Testament promises were mainly of earthly, the New Testament promises, of heavenly blessings: the exact fulfilment of the earthly promises was a pledge of the fulfilment of the heavenly. "Like a physician who prescribes a certain diet to a patient, and then when the patient is beginning to recover, changes the diet, permitting what he had before forbidden; or as a teacher gives his pupil an elementary lesson at first; preparatory to leading him to a higher stage": so Rabbi Albo in his Ikkarim. Compare

Jer 7:21, 22,

which shows that God's original design in the old covenant ritual system was, that it should be pedagogical, as a schoolmaster leading and preparing men for Christ.

7. Same reasoning as in

Heb 7:11.

faultless--perfect in all its parts, so as not to be found fault with as wanting anything which ought to be there: answering all the purposes of a law. The law in its morality was blameless (Greek, "amomos"); but in saving us it was defective, and so not faultless (Greek, "amemptos").

should no place have been sought--as it has to be now; and as it is sought in the prophecy

(Heb 8:8-11).

The old covenant would have anticipated all man's wants, so as to give no occasion for seeking something more perfectly adequate. Compare on the phrase "place . . . sought,"

Heb 12:17.

8. finding fault with them--the people of the old covenant, who were not made "faultless" by it

(Heb 8:7);

and whose disregard of God's covenant made Him to "regard them not"

(Heb 8:9).

The law is not in itself blamed, but the people who had not observed it.

he saith--

(Jer 31:31-34;

compare

Eze 11:19; 36:25-27).

At Rama, the headquarters of Nebuzar-adan, whither the captives of Jerusalem had been led, Jeremiah uttered this prophecy of Israel's restoration under another David, whereby Rachel, wailing for her lost children, shall be comforted; literally in part fulfilled at the restoration under Zerubbabel, and more fully to be hereafter at Israel's return to their own land; spiritually fulfilled in the Gospel covenant, whereby God forgives absolutely His people's sins, and writes His law by His Spirit on the hearts of believers, the true Israel. "This prophecy forms the third part of the third trilogy of the three great trilogies into which Jeremiah's prophecies may be divided: Jeremiah 21-25, against the shepherds of the people; Jeremiah 26-29, against the false prophets; Jeremiah 30 and 31, the book of restoration" [DELITZSCH in ALFORD].

Behold, the days come--the frequent formula introducing a Messianic prophecy.

make--Greek, "perfect"; "consummate." A suitable expression as to the new covenant, which perfected what the old could not (compare end of

Heb 8:9,

with end of

Heb 8:10).

Israel . . . Judah--Therefore, the ten tribes, as well as Judah, share in the new covenant. As both shared the exile, so both shall share the literal and spiritual restoration.