Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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Leviticus 3:3. The fat— i.e. What we call the suet.
REFLECTIONS.—Peace-offerings were either to express their grateful acknowledgments for mercies received, or to second their prayers for some good which was desired. Note; Christ is our Peace; and it is through him that we may make our requests with confidence of being heard, and offer our praises, assured that they will please God.
The same formalities were observed as before. Two things are here to be noted. 1. The fat was to be burned upon the altar: Leviticus 3:5. So should every corrupt affection of our hearts be consumed by the fire of Divine love. 2. It was burned upon the daily burnt-offering: for it is only with a constant eye to the Lamb that was slain, that we can hope to keep up any peaceful intercourse and communion with the holy God.
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And he shall offer of the sacrifice of the peace offering an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that [is] upon the inwards,
The fat that covereth the inwards. — Hearty thanks must be given to God; such as cometh not from the roof of the mouth, but the root of the heart. An airy "God be thanked" profiteth not. "Sing with grace in your hearts," is the best tune to any psalm. The voice which is made in the mouth is nothing so sweet as that which comes from the depth of the breast.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Senza titolo
4-11. the two kidneys . . . of the flock . . . the whole rump--There is, in Eastern countries, a species of sheep the tails of which are not less than four feet and a half in length. These tails are of a substance between fat and marrow. A sheep of this kind weighs sixty or seventy English pounds weight, of which the tail usually weighs fifteen pounds and upwards. This species is by far the most numerous in Arabia, Syria, and Palestine, and, forming probably a large portion in the flocks of the Israelites, it seems to have been the kind that usually bled on the Jewish altars. The extraordinary size and deliciousness of their tails give additional importance to this law. To command by an express law the tail of a certain sheep to be offered in sacrifice to God, might well surprise us; but the wonder ceases, when we are told of those broad-tailed Eastern sheep, and of the extreme delicacy of that part which was so particularly specified in the statute [PAXTON].
The caul above the liver - Probably the membrane covering the upper part of the liver.
And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks,.... Meaning either the two kidneys which were next the flanks, or the fat upon them, which was next to them; these, and the burning of them, may signify the burning zeal and flaming love and affections of Christ for his people, which instructed him, and put him upon offering himself a sacrifice of peace offering for them, see Psalm 16:7.
and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away; or the caul, which is a thin membrane or skin, in which the liver is enclosed, with the liver, together with the kidneys, he separated from the rest in order to burn, at least with a part of the liver; so Jarchi and Gersom interpret it, that he should take a little of the liver with the caul; and indeed some think the word rendered "caul" signifies a part of the liver, that which the Greeks call the "table", the broader part of it, like a table; and which word the Talmudists (g) retain, who speak of , "the table of the liver"; and by which Jarchi on Exodus 29:13 interprets the caul above the liver, the same as here.
(g) T. Bab. Cholin, fol. 46. 1.
No text from Poole on this verse.
- the two kidneys, and the fat … by the loins] Between the kidneys and the backbone are thick layers of fat. These may be seen in the carcases of sheep and lambs in butchers’ shops; the omentum and the liver are generally removed before they are exposed for sale.
the caul upon the liver] Here and in Leviticus 3:10; Leviticus 3:15, Leviticus 4:9, Leviticus 7:4; Exodus 29:13; the caul of the liver Exodus 29:22; Leviticus 8:16; Leviticus 8:25; Leviticus 9:19; the caul from the liver Leviticus 9:10. The Heb. word translated ‘caul’ occurs only in these passages, and A.V. has the preposition ‘above’ in all of them. By ‘caul’ is here meant the membrane known as the small omentum, which covers the liver, the reticulum jecoris of Vulg. Jerome probably obtained the meaning from his Hebrew teachers. Mediaeval Jewish commentators interpret in the same way, or, as A.V. mg. renders, ‘midriff.’
But Moore in Enc. Bib. iv. p. 420 b had expressed his opinion that the lobus caudatus of the liver is the part indicated by the Heb. text. In an Article contributed to Orient. Studien Th. Nöldeke gewidmet (1906) ii. 761 ff. he examined fully the renderings of the LXX. and other versions, quotations from the Mishna and other Jewish authorities, and shewed that the oldest tradition supported this interpretation. The Heb. literally translated is the redundance upon the liver which he shall take away along with the kidneys. Something connected with the liver, but in the nature of an appendage, which can be removed when the kidneys with the fat enclosing them are taken away, is indicated. From the right lobe of the liver of a sheep projects upwards an excrescence like a finger lying close to the right kidney fat, reaching about halfway up the kidney, which can easily be separated from the liver when the kidney with its surrounding fat is removed according to the directions in Leviticus 3:3-4. It is called (Tal. Bab. Tamid 31 a) ‘the finger of the liver,’ a more descriptive title than ‘the nut,’ given to it by the modern butcher. Anatomists call it lobus caudatus, and it appears to be clearly indicated by the Heb. yôthéreth, redundance, and the directions which imply its proximity to the kidney.
The LXX. translate, ὁ λοβός, and as there are several lobes in the liver, this was by some interpreted to mean the great upper lobe. But Greek writers who refer to divination by means of the liver (Eurip. Electra, 827 f., Aesch. Eumen. 155 f., Prom. Vinc. 509 f., and other references in Moore’s Article) employ λοβός to denote lobus caudatus, which was observed with special care by the haruspex. Latin writers employ the phrase caput jecoris, and Cicero, de Divin. ii. 13 says that it is regarded as a most unfavourable omen if this part of the liver is not found. When Agesilaus (Xen. Hellenica, iii. 4. 15) desired to know whether the omens were favourable to an advance with his army, the animal’s liver was found defective in this respect; whereupon he retreated to the coast. The renderings of Targ. and Peshitto (for which see Moore) confirm the conclusions already drawn.
For the significance of the parts reserved for sacrifice, as the seat of life and passions, see Rel. Sem.2 pp. 379 f. The agreement between Semite, Greek, and the aboriginal Australian as there shewn should be particularly noted.
The description given above applies to the carcase of a sheep as exposed in the shops with the head downwards. The liver with the lobus caudatus has been removed, but the place where it rested against the right kidney can be seen. The ‘right’ is that opposite to the right hand of the person looking at it, and is the right side of the sheep when alive and on its legs; ‘upwards’ would then be ‘horizontally.’
It is interesting to note that earlier English versions observe the distinction of prepositions as in R.V. and though in Exodus 29 they render ‘the kal of the lyver,’ they have the word ‘ab(o)unda(u)nce,’ with variation of spelling, instead of ‘kal’ in Lev. The Bishops’ Bible (1568) has ‘kall’ throughout.
the fat that covereth the inwards] By this is probably meant the membrane which covers the intestines, and is called the great omentum. Thick pieces of fat are found adhering to it, if the animal is healthy and well fed. Pieces of fat are also found on the intestines, and these are described as the fat that is upon the inwards.