Commentario del capitolo
Judges Capitolo 9
1
Judges 9:1
Originale inglese
We are not told how soon after the death of Gideon these events happened. There must have been time for the apostacy and establishment of Baal-worship, and for the development of ill-will between Abimelech and his brethren.
2
Judges 9:2
シェケムの人々 - 文字どおりには「主人たち」。Joshua 24:11、1 Samuel 23:11-12 と比較せよ。
Originale inglese
The men of Shechem - literally, "the masters." Compare Joshua 24:11; 1 Samuel 23:11-12.
3
Judges 9:3
エフライム人の誇りは、アビエゼル人の支配者たちに反発し、生まれによってシェケム人である者へと傾いた。(ダビデとレハベアムの時代における同じ精神、2 Samuel 20:1、1 Kings 12:16 と比較せよ。)
Originale inglese
The Ephraimite pride revolted from Abi-ezrite rulers, and inclined them to one who was a Shechemite by birth. (Compare the same spirit in the time of David and Rehoboam, 2 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 12:16.)
5
Judges 9:5
このような大量虐殺は東方の君主国では常に珍しくなく、一夫多妻の実の一つである。
Originale inglese
Such wholesale slaughters have always been common in Eastern monarchies, and are among the fruits of polygamy.
6
Judges 9:6
ミロはシェケムに近接しながらもそれとは別の、要塞化された場所であったに違いなく、おそらく Judges 9:46-47 に言及されているシェケムの塔と同じものであろう。よりよく知られるエルサレムのミロの建設あるいは拡張は、ソロモンの大事業の一つであった(1 Kings 9:15、1 Kings 9:24)。ミロに住む人口は数の上では小さかったかもしれないが、この要塞を所有していたことから大きな重みを持っていた。彼らがアビメレクに王の称号を与えたことは、シェケムにおける強いカナン人の影響力を示している。カナン人の首長たちはみな王と呼ばれたが、それはイスラエルではそれまで知られていない称号であった。この称号は、ギデオンに世襲の支配者となるよう申し出たイスラエル人たちによっても口にされたものではなかった(Judges 8:22-23)。
柱の平野 - むしろ「シェケムにある守備隊の橡の木」。問題の橡の木は、その近くに守備隊が駐屯していたことから「守備隊の橡」と呼ばれていたのであろう。
Originale inglese
Millo must have been a fortified place close to, but separate from, Shechem, and perhaps the same as the tower of Shechem mentioned in Judges 9:46-47. The building or enlarging of the better-known Millo, at Jerusalem was one of Solomon's great works 1 Kings 9:15, 1 Kings 9:24. The population dwelling in Millo though perhaps numerically small, had great weight from possessing the stronghold. Their giving Abimelech the title of king indicates the strong Canaanite influence at Shechem. All the Canaanite chiefs were called kings, but it was a title hitherto unknown in Israel. This title had not been named by those Israelites who offered to make Gideon their hereditary ruler Judges 8:22-23.
The plain of the pillar ... - Rather "the oak of the garrison which is in Shechem." The oak in question was probably called the "garrison oak," from a garrison being stationed near it.
7
Judges 9:7
ゲリジム山の頂上 - 古代のシェケムはおそらくそこにあった。ヨタムが彼らに語りかけたとき、シェケムの住民は市の外で何か公の祭りを守っていたと考えられている。
Originale inglese
The top of Mount Gerizim - The ancient Shechem was perhaps situated there. The population of Shechem is supposed to have been keeping some public festival outside the city when Jotham addressed them.
8
Judges 9:8
この寓話と欄外参照に記されたものは、聖書に見出されるこの種のものとして唯一二つの例である。旧約聖書のたとえ話、すなわち 2 Samuel 12:1-4、2 Samuel 14:5-11、1 Kings 20:39-40 は、これとはやや異なる。
Originale inglese
This fable and that noted in the marginal reference are the only two of the kind found in Scripture. Somewhat different are the parables of the Old Testament, 2 Samuel 12:1-4; 2 Samuel 14:5-11; 1 Kings 20:39-40.
9
Judges 9:9
神と人とを尊ぶ - 穀物のささげ物における油の常用(Leviticus 2:1-16)、および聖なる塗り油における油(Exodus 30:24-25)への言及である。同様に、Judges 9:13 の言及はぶどう酒の注ぎのささげ物についてである。Leviticus 23:13、Numbers 15:10 を参照。
Originale inglese
Honour God and man - Alluding to the constant use of oil in the meat-offerings Leviticus 2:1-16, and in the holy ointment Exodus 30:24-25. In like manner, the allusion in Judges 9:13 is to the drink-offerings of wine. See Leviticus 23:13; Numbers 15:10.
14
Judges 9:14
いばら - リンネのいう Rhamnus Paliurus、別名 Spina-Christi(キリストのいばら)とされる、鋭いとげを持つ低木である。その適用は明白である。高貴なギデオンとその立派な息子たちは、提供された王国を辞退した。卑しい、卑しい生まれのアビメレクはそれを受けたが、彼の行いは、彼自身と彼の臣民との相互の破滅に終わることになる。
Originale inglese
The bramble - Said to be the Rhamnus Paliurus of Linnaeus, otherwise called Spina-Christi, or Christ's Thorn, a shrub with sharp thorns. The application is obvious. The noble Gideon and his worthy sons had declined the proffered kingdom. The vile, base-born Abimelech had accepted it, and his act would turn out to the mutual ruin of himself and his subjects.
15
Judges 9:15
もし真に - すなわち、Judges 9:16、Judges 9:19 の解き明かしで説明されているように、真実と名誉と正義にかなって。
火が出て - 比喩の妥当性は厳密に保たれている。というのも、価値のないいばらのとげでさえ、威風堂々としたレバノン杉を焼き尽くす炎を燃え立たせる可能性があるからである。Psalm 58:9 を参照。
Originale inglese
If in truth - i. e. consistently with truth, honor, and uprightness, as explained in the interpretation in Judges 9:16, Judges 9:19.
Let fire come out ... - The propriety of the image is strictly preserved, for even the thorns of the worthless bramble might kindle a flame which would burn the stately cedars to the ground. See Psalm 58:9.
16
Judges 9:16
これらの節は寓話の解き明かしを含む。ヨタムはその中で、ギデオンの家の廃墟の上にアビメレクを立てた民の卑しい忘恩を指摘し、両者に下るであろう報いを予告している。
Originale inglese
These verses contain the interpretation of the fable. In them Jotham points out the base ingratitude of the people in raising Abimelech upon the ruin of Gideon's house, and foretells the retribution which would fall upon both parties.
22
Judges 9:22
王として治めていた - むしろ「支配していた」である。これは Judges 9:6 で用いられている語句ではない。シェケム人だけが彼を王としたのであり、イスラエルの残りの人々は、彼に王という称号を認めることなく、その支配に服したように見える。
Originale inglese
Had reigned - Rather, "had ruled." It is not the phrase used in Judges 9:6. It looks as if the Shechemites alone had made him king, and the rest of Israel had submitted to his dominion, without allowing his title of king.
26
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:26
It does not appear who Gaal, son of Ebed, was; he may have been an officer sent by Abimelech with a force to bring the men of Shechem back to their allegiance, but who tried to turn the rebellion to his own account. He got into Shechem with a band of men, "his brethren," unopposed by Zebul, Abimelech's officer, and soon gained the confidence of the Shechemites,
27
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:27
Seditious and lawless acts Jdg 9:25-26 now broke out into open rebellion. It was at an idolatrous feast in the house of Baal-berith, on occasion of the vintage, and when they were excited with wine, that the rebellion was matured. Those present began to "curse Abimelech," to speak insultingly of him, and to revile him (compare Leviticus 20:9; 2 Samuel 19:21; Isaiah 8:21). Gaal, the son of Ebed, who was watching the opportunity, immediately incited them to revolt from the dominion of Abimelech, offering himself to be their captain; adding a message of defiance to Abimelech, addressed, probably, to Zebul, who was present but too weak to resent it on the spot.
Judges 9:27
Made merry - The word translated "merry" occurs only here and in Leviticus 19:24. Its etymology gives the sense of "praises", "thanksgivings"; and its use in these two passages rather indicates that the fruits themselves which were brought to the House of God with songs of praise, and eaten or drunken with religious service, were so called. The thank-offerings would be a portion of the new wine of the vintage which they had just gathered in.
28
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:28
Shechem is another designation of Abimelech. Sheehem means the son and heir of Sheehem, Abimelech's mother being a Canaanite Judges 9:18.
31
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:31
Privily - See the margin. The word is probably the name of a place in "Tormah", some think the same as "Arumah" Judges 9:41. Zebul was faithful to Abimelech, but dissembled his sentiments, from being too weak to oppose Gaal, until Abimelech came with his army Judges 9:38.
37
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:37
The plain of Meonenim - Translate "the oak of the soothsayers" (see the margin). Some well-known oak, so called, but which is not mentioned elsewhere.
42
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:42
After Gaal's expulsion, "the people went out into the field," either to complete the vintage, or for some other agricultural operation. "They" (Zebul and his party) sent word of this to Abimelech.
44
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:44
This verse explains the purpose of both the present and the former division of Abimelech's forces into several companies, namely, that while some of the companies attacked the men of Shechem in the field, another company, starting from their ambush, might occupy the approach to the city gate, and so cut off their retreat.
45
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:45
Sowed it with salt - Expressing by this action his hatred, and his wish, that when utterly destroyed as a city, it might not even be a fruitful field. Salt is the emblem of barrenness (see the marginal references).
46
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:46
An hold of the house of the god Berith - As combining the advantages of a "sanctuary" (compare 1 Kings 2:28) and a fortress. The word rendered "hold" occurs elsewhere only in 1 Samuel 13:6, where it is rendered "high-place." Its exact signification is uncertain.
48
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:48
Zalmon - A lofty and thickly-wooded hill, as the etymology of the name ("shady") implies, in the immediate neighborhood of Shechem: perhaps the same as Ebal. The setting fire to the hold, where the men of Shechem were all crowded together, with their wives and children, was the literal fulfillment of Jotham's curse in Judges 9:20.
50
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:50
The men of Thebez (modern Tubas) had, doubtless, joined the Shechemites in their rebellion against Abimelech.
52
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:52
Went hard unto the door ... - i. e. went close to the door. An act of manifest danger, seeing the roof was covered with persons who would be likely to throw down missiles of all sorts on the heads of their assailants. But the hatred of Abimelech, and his thirst for revenge, made him despise danger.
53
Traduzione in sospeso · Originale ingleseJudges 9:53
The phrase "all" to is now obsolete, and means "quite," "entirely," as in Chaucer, Spenser, and Milton.
これらの出来事がギデオンの死の後どれほど経って起こったのかは告げられていない。バアル礼拝への背教とその定着、またアビメレクと兄弟たちとの間の悪感情の発展のための時間があったに違いない。