Commentario del capitolo
Psalms Capitolo 87
서론
Psalm 87 Introduction
繁體中文
Originale inglese
This psalm, like some others, is entitled "a psalm or song;" that is, it so far combined the properties of both a "psalm" and a "song" that it might be called by either name. See the notes at the title to Psalm 65:1-13. The phrase "for the sons of Korah" may mean, as in the margin, "of the sons of Korah." See the notes at the title to Psalm 42:1-11.
The occasion on which the psalm was composed is unknown. The design of the psalm is obvious. It is to exalt Zion as a place to dwell in, and to state the privileges or advantages of having been born there; the honor of such a birth, and the benefit which would he connected with it, from having been brought early under the influence of the true religion, and from having been trained up amidst its institutions. The practical truth which is suggested by the psalm is the honor and benefit of having been born in a land where the true religion prevails; of having been born in connection with the church; of having been early devoted to God; and of having had the benefits of a religious training. The foundation of what is said in the psalm is the honor which we naturally associate with the idea of birth; birth as connected with a family of distinguished worth, wealth, or rank; birth as connected with a particular country, city, or town.
1
Psalm 87:1
繁體中文
「他的根基」——本詩的開首相當突兀。有人認為「他的」這形容詞是指詩篇本身，而這話語被視為詩篇標題的一部分，意思是：這詩篇的根基乃在聖山——就是頌讚神的地方——也就是錫安。然而這是牽強而不自然的解釋。最明顯的解釋是指神而言，其意義是：他的「根基」——即他所創立和建立的，就是他受敬拜之處、或設立宗教制度之所——乃在耶路撒冷的聖山上。看來詩人當時正默想這城——觀看它的城牆、宮殿，尤其是那為敬拜神而建造的地方——便以這突兀的方式宣告：這是神所創立的；他在這裏設立了自己的居所；這裏是他受敬拜、他居住的地方；這是他所愛的地方，勝過雅各後裔所居住的一切其他地方。
「在聖山上」——即耶路撒冷的眾山。耶路撒冷四圍環山，城內本身有錫安山、摩利亞山、亞克拉山（Acra）和伯澤他山（Bezethah）；參見 Matthew 2:1 的註釋。神揀選這些聖山作為他莊嚴敬拜之處——作為他自己的居所。試參 Psalm 48:1-2 的註釋。
Originale inglese
His foundation - This is an abrupt commencement of the psalm. The adjective "his" has been supposed by some to refer to the psalm itself, and this expression has been considered to be a part of the title to the psalm, meaning that the foundation of the psalm is the holy mountain where the praises of God were celebrated; that is Zion. This, however, is a forced and unnatural interpretation. The most obvious explanation is to refer it to God, and the meaning is, that his "foundation," or that which he had founded and established, to wit, the place for his worship, or for the institutions of religion, was in the holy mountains of Jerusalem. It would seem that the psalmist was contemplating the city - looking on its walls, and its palaces, and especially on the place which had been reared for the worship of God, and that he breaks out in this abrupt manner, by saying that this was what God had founded; that here he had established his home; that here was the place where he was worshipped, and where he dwelt; that this was the place which he loved more than all the other places where the descendants of Jacob dwelt.
Is in the holy mountains - The mountains of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is surrounded by hills, and within the city itself there were the hills of Zion, Moriah, Acra, and Bezethah; See the notes at Matthew 2:1. These sacred hills God had selected as the place of his solemn worship - of his own abode. Compare the notes at Psalm 48:1-2.
2
Psalm 87:2
繁體中文
「他愛錫安的門」——試參 Psalm 78:68。城門是眾人聚集之處；是辦理事務的地方；是審判開庭的地方。此處特別暗指的，似乎是擁進城去參加公共敬拜的蜂擁人群——即在民族的大節期和盛宴中聚集在一起的眾多的人；其意思是，這樣的人群擁擠在城門、湧入其中為要敬拜祂，祂觀看這景象，比觀看那地任何別的景象都更喜悅。
「勝於愛雅各一切的住處」——即勝於雅各的子孫、或祂百姓居住的任何地方。祂或許喜悅他們安靜的居所，喜悅他們的平安、興旺與秩序，喜悅祂的敬拜在那些幸福家庭中天天得著舉行；然而，祂更喜悅的，是那些擁擠在通往那地方路上的人群——在那裏，他們要公開承認祂為他們的神。
Originale inglese
The Lord loveth the gates of Zion - Compare Psalm 78:68. The gates of a city were the places of concourse; where business was transacted; where courts were held. The particular allusion here seems to be to the thronging multitudes pressing into the city for public worship - the numbers that gathered together at the great feasts and festivals of the nation; and the meaning is, that he looked with more pleasure on such multitudes as they thronged the gates, pressing in that they might worship him, than on any other scene in the land.
More than all the dwellings of Jacob - Than any of the places where the descendants of Jacob, or where his people dwell. Much as he might be pleased with their quiet abodes, with their peace, prosperity, and order, and with the fact that his worship was daily celebrated in those happy families, yet he had superior pleasure in the multitudes that crowded the ways to the place where they would publicly acknowledge him as their God.
3
Psalm 87:3
繁體中文
「神的城啊，有榮耀的事乃指著你說的」——耶路撒冷稱為「神的城」，因為它是祂在地上獨特的居所。譯作「乃指著你說的」的字，既可意為「已經說了」，也可意為「將要說」；即是說，這樣的事或是已經宣告了，或是如今仍可以宣告。這些事已被記錄在案；或者說，如今可以將關乎你的這些事記錄下來。大概前者才是真正的意思；而這話所包括的要點如下：
（1）那些論到它的形勢之美、它的宏偉與輝煌而說的話。參 Psalm 48:2-3 的註釋；並參 Psalm 48:12-13 的註釋。
（2）那些論到它將來的繁榮、它的得勝，以及它在世上的影響力而說或已記錄的話；就是關乎錫安的繁榮、並以那裏為中心向外傳播之真宗教所賜下的應許。
參 Isaiah 2:3 的註釋。舊約聖經中滿是關乎錫安將來榮耀的應許——論到宗教在世上最終得勝時所說的那些「榮耀的事」。這裏的話主要應當按這意思來理解；此處錫安既被視為真宗教的所在，因此就是地上真教會的代表。那真正被記錄下來的，正是這教會，而不僅是作為一座城的耶路撒冷或錫安。城或許會過去；它所代表的教會卻要存到永遠。參 Isaiah 54:1-3；Isaiah 第 60 章；Revelation 21:2-4。
Originale inglese
Glorious things are spoketh of thee, O city of God - Jerusalem, called the "city of God" as being the place of his unique home on earth. The word rendered "are spoken" may mean either "have been spoken," or "are to be spoken;" that is, either, such things have been said, or they may be said. They have been placed on record; or, they may now be put on record concerning thee. Probably the former is the true meaning; and the language would embrace such points as these:
(1) Those things which had been spoken as to its beauty of situation; its magnificence and splendor. Compare Psalm 48:2-3, notes; Psalm 48:12-13, notes.
(2) such things as had been spoken or recorded in regard to its future prosperity, its triumphs, and its influence in the world; the promises which had been made in reference to the prosperity of Zion, and the spread of the true religion from that point as a center.
Compare the notes at Isaiah 2:3. The Old Testament abounds with promises concerning the future glory of Zion - the "glorious things" that are spoken respecting the final triumph of religion in the world. Of this the statement here is to be mainly understood, where Zion is referred to as the seat of the true religion, and as therefore the representative of the true church on earth. It is that of which the real record has been made, and not merely of Jerusalem or Zion as a city. That might pass away; the church, of which that was the representative, will endure forever. Compare Isaiah 54:1-3; 60; Revelation 21:2-4.
4
Psalm 87:4
繁體中文
「我要提起拉哈伯和巴比倫……」——這裡的「拉哈伯」一詞指埃及。見以賽亞書 51:9。詩篇 89:10 中它也用於指埃及。埃及為何得了這名，並不確知。這希伯來字本義是兇猛、狂傲、驕傲；希伯來人可能因埃及的傲慢、驕矜與狂妄而以此名稱之。有人推想（Jablonski，Opusc. i. 228）此名源於埃及語，但這一點尚未清楚證實。（Gesenius，《辭典》）這裡提到埃及、巴比倫、非利士、推羅和古實，是作為世上最著名的國家與城邑；是生於其中通常被視為光榮的地方。其意思是：「我要提到這些地方，是作為人所共知、卓越出眾之地；我要提到生在那裡的榮譽；但這榮譽雖大，生在錫安的榮譽卻遠在其上；它傳達的是高得多的尊貴；它應當更神聖地被珍視，列於人所自誇的事物之中。」這裡的「我」似乎指詩人，而不是指神。詩人是在列舉在他看來配得最高榮譽的事物。
「非利士」——指巴勒斯坦西部地區，後來全地即以此得名。見詩篇 60:8 的註釋；比較詩篇 108:9；以賽亞書 14:29、以賽亞書 14:31。「和推羅」見詩篇 45:12 的註釋；以賽亞書 23:1 的註釋。
「並古實」——希伯來文作「古實」（Cush）。這裡大概指亞拉伯南部地區。見詩篇 68:31 的註釋；以賽亞書 18:1 的註釋。
「這是個生在那裡的」——意即，人若生於這些地方之一，人們便會如此論及他，並視生於彼處為光榮。人會以自己生在那裡為誇耀，世人也會因此敬重他們。這是指人中間一種很自然、很普遍的情感。當然，我們不能因碰巧生於某地而自居功勞，也不配得真正的尊榮；但生於一個以優越與名聲著稱之地——生於自由、宗教與藝術昌盛之地——生於以公共精神、以產生傑出人物而聞名之地——這一事實，可正當地被視為感恩的緣由，並成為崇高可敬之努力的激勵，因而可成為德行、愛國心與敬虔的重要助力。
Originale inglese
I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon ... - The word Rahab here refers to Egypt. See Isaiah 51:9. It is also applied to Egypt in Psalm 89:10. The reason why the name was given to Egypt is not certainly known. The Hebrew word properly means fierceness, insolence, pride; and it may have been given to Egypt by the Hebrews on account of its haughtiness, pride, and insolence. It has been supposed by some (Jablonski, Opusc. i. 228) that the name is of Egyptian origin, but this has not been clearly made out. (Gesenius, Lexicon) Egypt, Babylon, Philistia, Tyre, and Ethiopia, are mentioned here as among the best known nations and cities of the world; as places where it would commonly be regarded as an honor to have been born. The meaning is, "I will refer to these as places well-known and distinguished; I will refer to the honor of having been born there; but great as is such an honor, the honor of having been born in Zion is far above that; it conveys the idea of a much higher distinction; it should be more sacredly cherished as among those things on which men value themselves." The word "I" here seems to have reference to the psalmist, and not to God. The psalmist is mentioning what to him would seem to have a claim to the highest honor.
Philistia - The western portion of Palestine, from which the whole country was afterward named. See the notes at Psalm 60:8; compare Psalm 108:9; Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31. "And Tyre." See Psalm 45:12, note; Isaiah 23:1, note.
With Ethiopia - Hebrew, Cush. The reference here is probably to the southern portion of Arabia. See Psalm 68:31, note; Isaiah 18:1, note.
This man was born there - That is, It would be said of individuals that they were born in one of those places, and it would be regarded as an honor thus to have been born. People would pride themselves on the fact that they were born there, and the world would hold them in esteem on that account. This refers to a very natural, and a very common feeling among people. We can, of course, claim no credit, and deserve no real honor, on account of the place where we happen to have been born; but the fact that one has been born in a place distinguished for its advantages and its fame, - in a place where liberty, religion, and the arts have flourishcd - in a place renowned for its public spirit, and for producing illustrious people, - may be properly accounted as an occasion for gratitude, and as a stimulus to high and honorable efforts, and may thus be made an important auxiliary to virtue, patriotism, and piety.
5
Psalm 87:5
繁體中文
「論到錫安，必說」——論及錫安；或說，為尊榮錫安的緣故。人必以生於錫安為特權。他們必看這樣的出生為顯著而光榮的卓越身分。「這一個、那一個都生在其中」等語，是指名他們、標明他們是生在那裏的。人群中的人、經過的人、以任何方式受到注意的人，都會連同他們生於錫安的事實被論及，並因這出生而受到某種程度的恩待與尊重，與生於埃及、巴比倫或推羅的人所受的相稱。他們不會因出身被視為卑賤而遭人迴避疏遠，反要因這出身得尊榮。
「至高者必親自堅立這城」——必堅立錫安，或說必賜它繁榮與長存。這也是論到那些生於其中之人時，人論及錫安所「說」的話；它表明
(a) 他們確信錫安必長存；
(b) 他們願它長存：這樣一個如此受尊榮、如此卓越的地方，能以存續到底。
這節經文應用於教會時所提示的實際真理是：
(1) 生於與基督教會相連的環境、有基督徒父母、自幼被獻與神，乃是一種特權；
(2) 將有一日，這要成為稱許的根據，或被人當作榮耀來論述，或在世人眼中被視為配受尊重的推定證據——因為那人是在教會裏出生、自幼奉獻給神、並在信仰的影響下受教養的；
(3) 這樣出生、這樣受教養之人的品格，在世人看來，將構成教會穩固的證據，並證明神以恩寵看待教會。在教會裏出生，並非總被視為榮耀或通向恩待的憑據，但總有一天這要普遍如此；即使現在，也沒有一個孩子能完全體會生在一個事奉神的家庭、並藉着父母的意願、禱告與基督教洗禮自幼奉獻給神，所有的尊榮和真正的益處。
Originale inglese
And of Zion it shall be said - In respect to Zion; or, in honor of Zion. People shall regard it as a privilege to have been born in Zion. They shall speak of such a birth as a marked and honored distinction. "This and that man," etc. Designating them, or pointing them out, as having been born there. Those in a crowd, those passing along, those brought in any way to notice, will be spoken of in reference to their birth in Zion, and will be treated with a degree of favor and esteem, arising from their birth there corresponding to what those receive who are born in Egypt, Babylon, or Tyre. They will not be shunned and avoided on account of their birth as if it were ignoble, but they will be honored for it.
And the Highest himself shall establish her - Will establish Zion, or will give it prosperity and perpetuity. This, too, is what would be "said" respecting Zion by such as should speak of those born there; and it indicates
(a) their conviction that it would be permanent; and
(b) their desire that it might be: that a place so honored and distinguished might be perpetuated.
The practical truths suggested by this verse, as applied to the church, are
(1) that it is a privilege to have been born in connection with the Christian church; to have had a Christian parentage, and to have been early dedicated to God;
(2) that the time will come when this will be a ground of commendation, or when it will be spoken of as an honor, or when it will be regarded as presumptive evidence of a claim to esteem in the eyes of the world, that one was born in the church, was early devoted to God, and was trained up under the influences of religion;
(3) that the character of those who are thus born, and who are thus trained up, will constitute, in the view of the world, evidence of the stability of the church, and proof that God regards it with favor. It has not always been deemed an honor, or a passport to favor, to have been born in the church, but the time will come when this will be universally so; and, even now, no child can fully appreciate the honor and the real advantage of having been born in a family where God is served, and of having been early consecrated to God by parental purpose, by prayer, and by Christian baptism.
6
Psalm 87:6
繁體中文
耶和華必記數——即：神自己必尊榮那些這樣生的人。在上一節，這樣的出生所帶來的效果，被描述為從人得尊榮。這裏則提及更高的尊榮——就是從神自己而來的。
當他記錄萬民……——這裏譯作「民」的詞是複數。在登記人民、或統計萬民數目的時候，他必特別標記——或使人特別標記——那生於錫安的人，使之得特殊的尊榮。他自己的子民要從這樣的人中間選出，這樣出生的人要得一種別人從他所得不到的尊榮。他不會以特殊的嘉許標記那些生於埃及、巴比倫或推羅的人，卻要以特別的關注標記那些生於錫安的人。這裏所提示的實際真理是：神大體上要從生於教會的人中間選取他的子民。事實上，雖然確有別人悔改歸入教會，但教會成員的大宗，是由那些生於基督徒父母、自幼奉獻給神、並受栽培事奉他的人組成的。見 Isaiah 44:3-5 的註釋。
Originale inglese
The Lord shall count - That is, God himself will honor those who are so born. In the previous verse, the effect of such a birth was described as securing honor from human beings. Here a higher honor is adverted to - that which will be derived from God himself.
When he writeth up the people ... - The word rendered "people" here is in the plural number. At the time of making an enrollment of the people, or taking an account or a census of the nations, he would mark, or cause to be marked, with special honor the man that had his birth in Zion. Out of such would his own people be taken, and those thus born would have an honor which no one else would receive from him. He would not mark with any special approbation those who had been born in Egypt, in Babylon, or in Tyre, but he would mark with special interest those who had been born in Zion. The practical truth suggested here is, that God will in the main take his people from among those who have been born in the church. As a matter of fact, while it is true that others are converted and added to the church, the great mass of church-members consist of those who have been born of Christian parents; who have been early dedicated to God; and who have been trained up for his service. See the notes at Isaiah 44:3-5.
7
Psalm 87:7
繁體中文
「歌唱的，跳舞的」——按字面是：「歌唱的與奏樂的。」這是一個音樂行列的圖畫：歌唱的人在前，隨後是演奏各樣樂器的人。這思想似乎是：當神真正朋友的數目添滿、全都登錄在天之時，必有一場得勝的行列；或者說，詩篇作者看見他們如同在得勝行列中行在神面前。比較 Isaiah 35:10 的註釋。這也許是指天堂——那真正的錫安；指一切生在錫安、成了真錫安——在上之耶路撒冷——公民的人最終的聚集。
「我的泉源都在你這裏」——譯作「泉源」的字，本義指泉源之地（見 Psalm 84:6 的註釋），也指單個的泉源（Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:2）。它因此成為幸福、喜樂、愉悅的象徵；這裏的思想是：詩篇作者至高的幸福，就在「你」這字所指的對象裏面。這字可以指神，也可以指錫安；但由於本詩的主題是錫安，最自然的是認為所指為錫安。這樣，它便與詩篇中屢屢出現的情緒相合——詩人表達他對錫安的愛、在錫安莊嚴聖禮中的喜樂、以及願以錫安為永久居所的渴望。比較 Psalm 23:6; Psalm 84:2-4; Psalm 84:10。這思想在 Dwight 博士詩體化的 Psalm 137:6 中表達得十分優美：
神啊，我愛你的教會， 她的城牆立在你面前， 寶貴如你眼中的瞳人， 銘刻在你的手掌。
我的心若忘記 她的福祉或憂傷， 願一切喜樂離開這心， 一切憂傷漫溢。
勝過我至高的喜樂， 我珍重她屬天的道路； 她甘美的相交、莊嚴的誓願， 她愛與頌讚的詩歌。
Originale inglese
As well the singers as the players on instruments shall be there - literally, "The singers as the players on instruments." The image is that of a musical procession, where the singers go before, followed by those who play on various instruments of music. The idea seems to be that when the number of the true friends of God shall be made up, or shall all be enrolled, there will be a triumphal procession; or, they are seen by the psalmist, moving before God as in a triumphal procession. Compare the notes at Isaiah 35:10. Perhaps the reference is to heaven - the true Zion; to the assembling of all who shall have been born in Zion, and who shall have become citizens of the true Zion, the Jerusalem above.
All my springs are in thee - The word rendered springs means properly a place of fountains (see the notes at Psalm 84:6), and also a fountain, Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:2. It thus becomes an emblem of happiness; of delight; of pleasure; and the ideal here is that the highest happiness of the psalmist was found in what is here referred to by the word "thee." That word may refer either to God or to Zion; but as the subject of the psalm is Zion, it is most natural to suppose that the reference is to that. Thus it accords with the sentiment so often found in the Psalms, where the writer expresses his love for Zion; his pleasure in its solemnities; his desire to abide there as his permanent home. Compare Psalm 23:6; Psalm 84:2-4, Psalm 84:10. The idea has been beautifully expressed by Dr. Dwight, in his version of Psalm 137:6 :
"I love thy church, O God;
Her walls before thee stand,
Dear as the apple of thine eye,
And graven on thy hand.
"If e'er my heart forget
Her welfare or her woe,
Let every joy this heart forsake,
And every grief o'erflow.
"Beyond my highest joy
I prize her heavenly ways.
Her sweet communion, solemn vows,
Her hymns of love and praise."
本篇與其他一些詩篇一樣，標題為「詩或歌曲」；意即它同時兼具「詩」與「歌曲」的性質，故兩個名稱皆可用以稱呼它。參見 Psalm 65:1-13 標題的註釋。標題中「為可拉後裔」一語，按旁註可解作「可拉後裔的」。參見 Psalm 42:1-11 標題的註釋。
本篇寫作的場合不明。其宗旨則顯而易見：高舉錫安為可居住之地，並陳明生於該地的特權或益處；這種出身所伴隨的尊榮，以及與其相連的福分——即自幼置於真宗教的影響之下，並在其中間的制度裏受教養。本篇所提示的實際真理，乃是生於真宗教盛行之地的尊榮與福分，生於與教會相連的關係之中，早年奉獻給神，並得享宗教教養的益處。本篇所論的根基，在於我們自然而然連於出身觀念的那種尊榮——或連於具有顯赫德行、財富或地位之家的出身，或連於某一特定國家、城市或城鎮的出身。