Commentario del capitolo
1 Samuel Capitolo 1
1
1Sa 1:1-8.
简体中文
Originale inglese
1Sa 1:1-8.
OF ELKANAH AND HIS TWO WIVES.
1, 2. a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim--The first word being in the dual number, signifies the double city--the old and new town of Ramah
(1Sa 1:19).
There were five cities of this name, all on high ground. This city had the addition of Zophim attached to it, because it was founded by Zuph, "an Ephrathite," that is a native of Ephratha. Beth-lehem, and the expression "of Ramathaim-zophim" must, therefore, be understood as Ramah in the land of Zuph in the hill country of Ephratha. Others, considering "mount Ephraim" as pointing to the locality in Joseph's territory, regard "Zophim" not as a proper but a common noun, signifying watchtowers, or watchmen, with reference either to the height of its situation, or its being the residence of prophets who were watchmen
(Eze 3:17).
Though a native of Ephratha or Beth-lehem-judah
(Ru 1:2),
Elkanah was a Levite
(1Ch 6:33, 34).
Though of this order, and a good man, he practised polygamy. This was contrary to the original law, but it seems to have been prevalent among the Hebrews in those days, when there was no king in Israel, and every man did what seemed right in his own eyes
[Jud 21:25].
3
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简体中文
3. 这人每年从本城上去敬拜——那地方有「全地唯一的圣所」,他在三大节期之一——大概是逾越节——带着全家上那里去。他虽然是利未人,却不能亲自献祭——那是祭司专属的职分;他在奉行神圣典章的敬拜上始终保持规律,这种敬虔尤为可贵,因为负责主持的两个祭司品行恶劣,人所共知。但毫无疑问,他相信、并照着这信念而行:这些典章之所以成为「有效的拯救途径,不是由于典章本身或主持之人的功德,而是由于神的恩典借着典章分赐下来」。
Originale inglese
3. this man went up out of his city yearly to worship in Shiloh--In that place was the "earth's one sanctuary," and thither he repaired at the three solemn feasts, accompanied by his family at one of them--probably the passover. Although a Levite, he could not personally offer a sacrifice--that was exclusively the office of the priests; and his piety in maintaining a regular attendance on the divine ordinances is the more worthy of notice because the character of the two priests who administered them was notoriously bad. But doubtless he believed, and acted on the belief, that the ordinances were "effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in those who administered them, but from the grace of God being communicated through them."
4
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4节. 以利加拿献祭的时候，将分给毗尼拿. 献祭者收回平安祭的大部分，他与其家人或朋友在耶和华面前以共餐的方式食用。（见
Le 3:3； De 12:12 注释）。 以利加拿大从这些分别为圣的食物中分给全家各人；但「给哈拿的是双分」，即更大的精选之分，是按东方向所爱或尊贵之宾客表示敬意的惯例。（见
1Sa 9:24； 并见 Ge 43:34 注释）。
Originale inglese
4. when . . . Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah . . . portions--The offerer received back the greater part of the peace offerings, which he and his family or friends were accustomed to eat at a social feast before the Lord. (See on
Le 3:3;
De 12:12).
It was out of these consecrated viands Elkanah gave portions to all the members of his family; but "unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion"; that is, a larger choice, according to the Eastern fashion of showing regard to beloved or distinguished guests. (See on
1Sa 9:24;
also see on
Ge 43:34).
6
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6. 他的对头也大大激怒她——毗尼拿的举动极不相称。然而多妻之家常有家庭纷争,最常见的原因始终是嫉妒丈夫对某一方的偏爱,正如哈拿的处境。
Originale inglese
6. her adversary also provoked her sore--The conduct of Peninnah was most unbecoming. But domestic broils in the houses of polygamists are of frequent occurrence, and the most fruitful cause of them has always been jealousy of the husband's superior affection, as in this case of Hannah.
9
1Sa 1:9-18.
简体中文
1Sa 1:9-18.
哈拿的祈祷。
11. 她祈求……许了愿——这里显出希伯来妇人心中渴望得子的强烈心愿。这正是哈拿祈祷的重担;她之所以明显倾向于求一个男孩,是源于她要将孩子献于会幕事奉的心志。他的出生本身已将他绑在这事奉上,但由于拿细耳之愿,他住进圣所范围内的时间要比通常更早开始。
Originale inglese
1Sa 1:9-18.
HANNAH'S PRAYER.
11. she prayed . . . she vowed a vow--Here is a specimen of the intense desire that reigned in the bosoms of the Hebrew women for children. This was the burden of Hannah's prayer; and the strong preference she expressed for a male child originated in her purpose of dedicating him to the tabernacle service. The circumstance of his birth bound him to this; but his residence within the precincts of the sanctuary would have to commence at an earlier age than usual, in consequence of the Nazarite vow.
12
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12-18. 以利定睛看她的嘴——这位年迈祭司的疑心,似乎说明在那动荡的年代,酗酒的恶习既不罕见,也不限于某一性别。这误解随即消除,在「愿神」,更准确地说「必赐予」的话语之后,接着是一段祝福的宣告;哈拿把它看作指向她恳切心愿必能实现的预言,这便驱散了她的愁容,使她满有确信的盼望(1Sa 1:18)。
那将要出生之孩子的品格与事奉极其重要,足以使他的出生成为预言的合宜主题。
Originale inglese
12-18. Eli marked her mouth--The suspicion of the aged priest seems to indicate that the vice of intemperance was neither uncommon nor confined to one sex in those times of disorder. This mistaken impression was immediately removed, and, in the words, "God grant," or rather, "will grant," was followed by an invocation which, as Hannah regarded it in the light of a prophecy pointing to the accomplishment of her earnest desire, dispelled her sadness, and filled her with confident hope
[1Sa 1:18].
The character and services of the expected child were sufficiently important to make his birth a fit subject for prophecy.
20
1Sa 1:20.
简体中文
1Sa 1:20.
撒母耳出生。
20. 给他起名叫撒母耳——无疑是经她丈夫同意的。孩子的名字有时由父亲起,有时由母亲起(Ge 4:1, 26; 5:29; 19:37; 21:3);在早期希伯来人中间,名字通常是复合名,其中一部分包含神的名字。
Originale inglese
1Sa 1:20.
SAMUEL BORN.
20. called his name Samuel--doubtless with her husband's consent. The names of children were given sometimes by the fathers, and sometimes by the mothers (see
Ge 4:1, 26; 5:29; 19:37; 21:3);
and among the early Hebrews, they were commonly compound names, one part including the name of God.
21
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简体中文
21. 以利加拿……上去献……他的愿——他须正式表示赞同哈拿的愿,这愿才能生效(Nu 30:3)。
Originale inglese
21. the man Elkanah . . . went up to offer . . . his vow--The solemn expression of his concurrence in Hannah's vow was necessary to make it obligatory. (See on
Nu 30:3).
22
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简体中文
22. 哈拿却没有上去——只有男丁有义务参加严肃的节期(Ex 23:17)。
然而哈拿和其他敬虔妇人一样,向来有上去的习惯;只是她认为把下次行程推迟到儿子长到能履行她所许之愿的年纪,更为明智、也更得体。
Originale inglese
22. But Hannah went not up--Men only were obliged to attend the solemn feasts
(Ex 23:17).
But Hannah, like other pious women, was in the habit of going, only she deemed it more prudent and becoming to defer her next journey till her son's age would enable her to fulfill her vow.
24
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简体中文
24. 三只公牛——《七十士译本》作「一只三岁的公牛」,这大概是正确的译法。
Originale inglese
24. three bullocks--The Septuagint renders it "a bullock of three years old"; which is probably the true rendering.
1Sa 1:1-8.
论 以利加拿大 和他的 两个 妻子
1, 2. 以法莲山地的拉玛琐非有一个男人——第一个词既是双数形式,意指「双子城」——即拉玛的旧城与新城
(1Sa 1:19)。
同名之城共有五座,都在高处。这座城附有「琐非」(Zophim)之称,因它是由「以法莲人」(an Ephrathite)苏弗(Zuph)所建——意即以法他(Ephratha),即伯利恒人。所以「拉玛琐非」必须理解为以法他山地、苏弗之地的拉玛。另有人认为「以法莲山地」指向约瑟支派境内的位置,因而把「琐非」不视为专有名词,而作普通名词,意为「望楼」或「守望者」,或因该城地势高耸,或因它是先知(守望者)的居所
(Eze 3:17)。
以利加拿大虽是伯利恒(以法他)人
(Ru 1:2),
其实却是利未人
(1Ch 6:33, 34)。
他虽属这支派,又是个敬虔人,却行了一夫多妻。这虽违背了起初的律法,但在那个时代希伯来人中间似乎颇为普遍,因为那时以色列中没有王,各人任意而行
[Jud 21:25]。