Commentario del capitolo
Lamentations Capitolo 4
1
La 4:1-22.
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Originale inglese
La 4:1-22.
THE SAD CAPTURE OF JERUSALEM, THE HOPE OF RESTORATION, AND THE RETRIBUTION AWAITING IDUMEA FOR JOINING BABYLON AGAINST JUDEA.
Aleph.
1. gold--the splendid adornment of the temple [CALVIN]
(La 1:10; 1Ki 6:22; Jer 52:19);
or, the principal men of Judea [GROTIUS]
(La 4:2).
stones of . . . sanctuary--the gems on the breastplate of the high priest; or, metaphorically, the priests and Levites.
2
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Beth（bet）。
2. 可比……精金——
(伯 28:16, 19)。
瓦瓶——
(賽 30:14； 耶 19:11)。
Originale inglese
Beth.
2. comparable to . . . gold--
(Job 28:16, 19).
earthen pitchers--
(Isa 30:14; Jer 19:11).
3
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Gimel（gimel）。
3. 野狗……哺乳——鯨魚及其他鯨類怪獸皆為哺乳動物，牠們尚且乳養幼崽；但在圍城中的猶太婦人，因苦情已到了絕望的地步，竟吃自己的兒女
(哀 4:10； 哀 2:20)。
也有人譯作"豺狼"。
鴕鳥——參
伯 39:14； 伯 39:16
論鴕鳥離棄幼雛之註解。
Originale inglese
Gimel.
3. sea monsters . . . breast--Whales and other cetaceous monsters are mammalian. Even they suckle their young; but the Jewish women in the siege, so desperate was their misery, ate theirs
(La 4:10; La 2:20).
Others translate, "jackals."
ostriches--see on
Job 39:14;
Job 39:16,
on their forsaking their young.
4
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Daleth（dalet）。
4. 渴——母親因飢荒沒有奶可哺。
Originale inglese
Daleth.
4. thirst--The mothers have no milk to give through the famine.
5
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He（he）。
5. 極奢——以美味養育。
變為荒涼——或作"滅亡"。
臥在糞堆——從前在朱紅褥子上被撫養的貴胄，如今只好躺臥在糞堆之上。
抱——從前稍有塵垢即敏而卻避的人，如今卻欣然緊抱污穢的堆子，作為惟一的棲身之處。參"抱磐石"
(伯 24:8)。
Originale inglese
He.
5. delicately--on dainties.
are desolate--or, "perish."
in scarlet embrace dunghills--Instead of the scarlet couches on which the grandees were nursed, they must lie on dunghills.
embrace--They who once shrank sensitively from any soil, gladly cling close to heaps of filth as their only resting-place. Compare "embrace the rock"
(Job 24:8).
6
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Vau（waw）。
6. 大於……所多瑪——
(太 11:23)。
神未曾差遣先知到所多瑪，正如他差遣到猶大一般；故此後者的刑罰比前者更重。
傾覆……時刻之間——而猶太人卻要承受圍城漫長而多方的艱辛。
沒有手按住她——所多瑪傾覆之前，並無敵軍（如迦勒底人之於耶路撒冷那樣）持續向她施壓。耶利米以此表明耶路撒冷的刑罰比所多瑪更重。
Originale inglese
Vau.
6. greater than . . . Sodom--
(Mt 11:23).
No prophets had been sent to Sodom, as there had been to Judea; therefore the punishment of the latter was heavier than that of the former.
overthrown . . . in a moment--whereas the Jews had to endure the protracted and manifold hardships of a siege.
no hands stayed on her--No hostile force, as the Chaldeans in the case of Jerusalem, continually pressed on her before her overthrow. Jeremiah thus shows the greater severity of Jerusalem's punishment than that of Sodom.
7
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Zain（zayin）。
7. 拿細耳人——直譯為"分別出來的人"
(民 6:2)。
他們一度備受尊崇，如今卻被降為卑賤。從前神的賜福使他們因禁戒濃酒而身體並不因此失卻俊美紅潤。比較但以理等人類似的例子
(但 1:8-15)。
又如大衛
(撒上 16:12；17:42)。
為彌賽亞的預表
(歌 5:10)。
紅寶石——格塞尼斯（Gesenius）譯作"珊瑚"，取自一希伯來文字根"分為枝杈"，因珊瑚呈分枝之狀。
琢磨——他們如同精工切割、琢磨過的藍寶石。"藍寶石"或可代表健康人藍色的靜脈。
Originale inglese
Zain.
7. Nazarites--literally, "separated ones"
(Nu 6:2).
They were held once in the highest estimation, but now they are degraded. God's blessing formerly caused their body not to be the less fair and ruddy for their abstinence from strong drink. Compare the similar case of Daniel, &c.
(Da 1:8-15).
Also David
(1Sa 16:12; 17:42).
Type of Messiah
(So 5:10).
rubies--GESENIUS translates, "corals," from a Hebrew root, "to divide into branches," from the branching form of corals.
polishing--They were like exquisitely cut and polished sapphires. The "sapphires" may represent the blue veins of a healthy person.
8
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Cheth（het）。
8. 比……煤更黑——或作"比黑色本身更黑"
(珥 2:6； 鴻 2:10)。
像木杖——如枯乾的木杖一般枯槁。
Originale inglese
Cheth.
8. blacker than . . . coal--or, "than blackness" itself
(Joe 2:6; Na 2:10).
like a stick--as withered as a dry stick.
9
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Teth（tet）。
9. 死於刀下的速死，勝過因飢荒而慢慢死去。
消瘦——直譯為"流出"，指血的流出。此一說法以及"被刺透"皆取自死於"刀劍"之言。
缺乏*……果子*——原文中需補上斜體字（即"缺乏"一詞）
(創 18:28； 詩 109:24)。
Originale inglese
Teth.
9. The speedy death by the sword is better than the lingering death by famine.
pine away--literally, "flow out"; referring to the flow of blood. This expression, and "stricken through," are drawn from death by "the sword."
want of . . . fruits--The words in italics have to be supplied in the original
(Ge 18:28; Ps 109:24).
10
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Jod（yod）。
10.
(哀 2:20； 申 28:56, 57)。
慈憐——在別的時候本性原是滿有憐憫的
(賽 49:15)。
約瑟夫（Josephus）記載了提多（Titus）圍城時這件反常之事。
煮——煮熟。
Originale inglese
Jod.
10.
(La 2:20; De 28:56, 57).
pitiful--naturally at other times compassionate
(Isa 49:15).
JOSEPHUS describes the unnatural act as it took place in the siege under Titus.
sodden--boiled.
11
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Caph（kaf）。
11. 火……燒滅……根基——
(申 32:22； 耶 21:14)。
這是極為罕見的事。火通常只燒毀表面；但這火卻延及根基，斷絕了一切復興的指望。
Originale inglese
Caph.
11. fire . . . devoured . . . foundations--
(De 32:22; Jer 21:14).
A most rare event. Fire usually consumes only the surface; but this reached even to the foundation, cutting off all hope of restoration.
12
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Lamed（lamed）。
12. 耶路撒冷防禦堅固，眾人都以為它堅不可摧。因此傾覆它的，必是神的手，絕非人力所能為。
Originale inglese
Lamed.
12. Jerusalem was so fortified that all thought it impregnable. It therefore could only have been the hand of God, not the force of man, which overthrew it.
13
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Mem（mem）。
13. 先知——指假先知
(耶 23:11, 21)。
意思當補足為："因……罪，這些災禍就臨到她。"
流了義人的血——
(太 23:31, 37)。
這在殺害彌賽亞及猶太人隨之而被分散的事上得了完全的應驗
(雅 5:6)。
Originale inglese
Mem.
13. prophets--the false prophets
(Jer 23:11, 21).
Supply the sense thus: "For the sins . . . these calamities have befallen her."
shed the blood of the just--
(Mt 23:31, 37).
This received its full fulfilment in the slaying of Messiah and the Jews' consequent dispersion
(Jas 5:6).
14
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Nun（nun）。
14. 瞎眼——指心神迷亂。
染……血——既指他們彼此相害所流的血（例如
耶 2:34)，
也指他們被仇敵所流的血［格拉修（Glassius）］。
不摸……衣裳——因被血玷污而不敢摸
(民 19:16)。
Originale inglese
Nun.
14. blind--with mental aberration.
polluted . . . with blood--both with blood of one another mutually shed (for example,
Jer 2:34),
and with their blood shed by the enemy [GLASSIUS].
not touch . . . garments--as being defiled with blood
(Nu 19:16).
15
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Samech（samek）。
15. 人……他們——"人"，即"眾人"
(哀 4:14)。
連被猶太人視為不潔的外邦人（猶太人受命要極其嚴謹地避免一切玷污），也向後者喊說"離開"，以為他們不潔：城中被血玷污的情形之普遍，由此可見一斑。
遊蕩——正如假先知及其從者曾因迷惑與拜偶像之罪在城中"瞎眼遊蕩"
(哀 4:14)，
如今他們也必在外邦人中因災禍而"瞎眼遊蕩"，驚惶失措。
他們說——即外邦人說：在列國中有人說："猶太人必不再在自己的地上寄居"［格羅提烏（Grotius）］；或作：他們無論飄流到何處，"都不得久留"［路易（Ludovicus de Dieu）］
(申 28:65)。
Originale inglese
Samech.
15. They . . . them--"They," that is, "men"
(La 4:14).
Even the very Gentiles, regarded as unclean by the Jews, who were ordered most religiously to avoid all defilements, cried unto the latter, "depart," as being unclean: so universal was the defilement of the city by blood.
wandered--As the false prophets and their followers had "wandered" blind with infatuated and idolatrous crime in the city
(La 4:14),
so they must now "wander" among the heathen in blind consternation with calamity.
they said--that is, the Gentiles said: it was said among the heathen, "The Jews shall no more sojourn in their own land" [GROTIUS]; or, wheresoever they go in their wandering exile, "they shall not stay long" [LUDOVICUS DE DIEU],
(De 28:65).
16
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Pe（pe）。
16. Ain 與 Pe 在此處被顛倒
(哀 4:16, 17)，
正如
哀 2:16, 17；3:46-51
一樣。
怒氣——直譯為"面"；面色借其表情顯示怒氣
(詩 34:16)。
格塞尼斯（Gesenius）譯作"耶和華的面"，指耶和華的同在，即耶和華自己
(出 33:14； 撒下 17:11)。
分散——使猶太人四散。
他們不看重……祭司——這是外邦人的話。"猶太人已無歸回的盼望了，因為他們甚至不看重良善的祭司"
(代下 24:19-22)
［格羅提烏（Grotius）］。莫勒（Maurer）解作"他們（得勝的仇敵）不看重（猶太的）祭司懇求憐憫的呼聲"
(哀 5:12)。
哀 4:17
"至於我們"的明顯對偶，以及
哀 4:15
末段論及"外邦人"的話——而
哀 4:16
正是其延續——都有利於前一種解釋。
Originale inglese
Pe.
16. Ain and Pe are here transposed
(La 4:16, 17),
as in
La 2:16, 17; 3:46-51.
anger--literally, "face"; it is the countenance which, by its expression, manifests anger
(Ps 34:16).
GESENIUS translates, "the person of Jehovah"; Jehovah present; Jehovah Himself
(Ex 33:14; 2Sa 17:11).
divided--dispersed the Jews.
they respected not . . . priests--This is the language of the Gentiles. "The Jews have no hope of a return: for they respected not even good priests"
(2Ch 24:19-22)
[GROTIUS]. MAURER explains it, "They (the victorious foe) regard not the (Jewish) priests when imploring their pity"
(La 5:12).
The evident antithesis to "As for us"
(La 4:17)
and the language of "the heathen" at the close of
La 4:15,
of which
La 4:16
is the continuation, favor the former view.
17
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Ain（ayin）。
17. 至於我們——此譯法與外邦人的話
(哀 4:15, 16)
形成最佳的對偶。加爾文（Calvin）譯作"當我們尚作為一個國家存立之時，我們的眼睛失明"云云。
仰望一個不能救我們的國——指埃及
(王下 24:7； 賽 30:7； 耶 37:5-11)。
Originale inglese
Ain.
17. As for us--This translation forms the best antithesis to the language of the heathen
(La 4:15, 16). CALVIN translates, "While as yet we stood as a state, our eyes failed," &c.
watched for a nation that could not save us--Egypt
(2Ki 24:7; Isa 30:7; Jer 37:5-11).
18
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Tzaddi（tsade）。
18. 他們——指迦勒底人。
不能走——指不能安然行走。
Originale inglese
Tzaddi.
18. They--the Chaldeans.
cannot go--without danger.
19
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Koph（qoph）。
19. 這是城被攻取之前最後的一段時日。當時已無逃生之處；企圖逃出飢荒之城的百姓，"在山上、在曠野"都被仇敵截住。
比……鷹更快——指迦勒底的騎兵
(耶 4:13)。
追趕——直譯為"發熱"；引申為"急追"
(創 31:36)。
他們如此追趕，並追上了西底家
(耶 52:8, 9)。
Originale inglese
Koph.
19. The last times just before the taking of the city. There was no place of escape; the foe intercepted those wishing to escape from the famine-stricken city, "on the mountains and in the wilderness."
swifter . . . than . . . eagles--the Chaldean cavalry
(Jer 4:13).
pursued--literally, "to be hot"; then, "to pursue hotly"
(Ge 31:36).
Thus they pursued and overtook Zedekiah
(Jer 52:8, 9).
20
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Resh（resh）。
20. 氣息……耶和華的受膏者——指我們的王，我們的生命與他相連。原本所指似乎為約西亞
(代下 35:25)，
他在與法老尼哥的戰役中陣亡；但此處的話語應用於西底家——他雖敗壞，仍是大衛的直系代表，也是"受膏者"彌賽亞的預表。若就他個人而論，這些話過於恩待他，並不相稱。
在外邦中存留——我們曾指望在他治下安然居住，即便周圍都是外邦列國也無懼［格羅提烏（Grotius）］。
Originale inglese
Resh.
20. breath . . . anointed of . . . Lord--our king, with whose life ours was bound up. The original reference seems to have been to Josiah
(2Ch 35:25),
killed in battle with Pharaoh-necho; but the language is here applied to Zedekiah, who, though worthless, was still lineal representative of David, and type of Messiah, the "Anointed." Viewed personally the language is too favorable to apply to him.
live among the heathen--Under him we hoped to live securely, even in spite of the surrounding heathen nations [GROTIUS].
21
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Schin（sin）。
21. 歡樂——為我們的災禍而歡樂
(詩 137:7)。
這是一則預言，預言以東必因耶路撒冷的傾覆而幸災樂禍。同時又暗示，以東的歡樂必不長久。這是反諷地吩咐她：趁還可以歡樂的時候，盡情歡樂吧
(傳 11:9)。
杯——關於神怒氣使人混亂的杯之象徵，見
耶 13:12；25:15, 16, 21；
論以東，見
耶 49:7-22。
Originale inglese
Schin.
21. Rejoice--at our calamities
(Ps 137:7).
This is a prophecy that Edom should exult over the fall of Jerusalem. At the same time it is implied, Edom's joy shall be short-lived. Ironically she is told, Rejoice while thou mayest
(Ec 11:9).
cup--for this image of the confounding effects of God's wrath, see
Jer 13:12; 25:15, 16, 21;
as to Edom,
Jer 49:7-22.
22
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Tau（taw）。
22.
(賽 40:2)。
你所受的刑罰已經夠了：你受罰的終結已經臨近。
不再擄掠你……被擄——即不再被迦勒底人擄去。後來羅馬人將他們擄去。故此這預言的完全應驗必指猶太人最終的復興。
顯露——神藉著他對你刑罰的嚴厲，使人看見你的罪何等深重
(耶 49:10)。
神赦免罪時，便"遮蓋"罪
(詩 32:1, 5)。
他刑罰罪時，便"顯露"或"顯明"罪
(伯 20:27)。
耶 49:10
表明邊註"擄去"（此譯法如
鴻 2:7；
比較"顯露"，邊註）是錯誤的。
Originale inglese
Tau.
22.
(Isa 40:2).
Thou hast been punished enough: the end of thy punishment is at hand.
no more carry thee . . . into captivity--that is, by the Chaldeans. The Romans carried them away subsequently. The full accomplishment of this prophecy must therefore refer to the Jews' final restoration.
discover--By the severity of His punishments on thee, God shall let men see how great was thy sin
(Jer 49:10).
God "covers" sin when He forgives it
(Ps 32:1, 5).
He "discovers," or "reveals," it, when He punishes it
(Job 20:27).
Jer 49:10
shows that Margin is wrong, "carry captive" (this rendering is as in
Na 2:7;
compare "discovered," Margin).
哀 4:1-22。
耶路撒冷之悲慘被擄，復興之盼望，以及以東因與巴比倫聯合攻擊猶大而將受的報應。
Aleph（alef）。
1. 黃金——指聖殿華美的裝飾［加爾文（Calvin）］
(哀 1:10； 王上 6:22； 耶 52:19)；
或指猶大的首要人物［格羅提烏（Grotius）］
(哀 4:2)。
聖所的……寶石——大祭司胸牌上的寶石；或按隱喻而言，指祭司與利未人。