Commentario del capitolo
Nehemiah Capitolo 8
1
Ne 8:1-8.
简体中文
Originale inglese
Ne 8:1-8.
RELIGIOUS MANNER OF READING AND HEARING THE LAW.
1. all the people gathered themselves together as one man--The occasion was the celebration of the feast of the seventh month
(Ne 7:73).
The beginning of every month was ushered in as a sacred festival; but this, the commencement of the seventh month, was kept with distinguished honor as "the feast of trumpets," which extended over two days. It was the first day of the seventh ecclesiastical year, and the new year's day of the Jewish civil year, on which account it was held as "a great day." The place where the general concourse of people was held was "at the water gate," on the south rampart. Through that gate the Nethinims or Gibeonites brought water into the temple, and there was a spacious area in front of it.
they spake unto Ezra the scribe to bring the book of the law of Moses--He had come to Jerusalem twelve or thirteen years previous to Nehemiah. He either remained there or had returned to Babylon in obedience to the royal order, and for the discharge of important duties. He had returned along with Nehemiah, but in a subordinate capacity. From the time of Nehemiah's appointment to the dignity of tirshatha, Ezra had retired into private life. Although cordially and zealously co-operating with the former patriot in his important measures of reform, the pious priest had devoted his time and attention principally toward producing a complete edition of the canonical Scriptures. The public reading of the Scriptures was required by the law to be made every seventh year; but during the long period of the captivity this excellent practice, with many others, had fallen into neglect, till revived, on this occasion. That there was a strong and general desire among the returned exiles in Jerusalem to hear the word of God read to them indicates a greatly improved tone of religious feeling.
4
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简体中文
4. 以斯拉……站在为这事特备的木台上——并非我们所熟知的那种形式，不过是一座高起的台架或平台，宽阔得足以容纳十四个人舒坦地站立。以斯拉的职务十分繁重，因为他要从早晨直读到晌午，但在场其他祭司的帮助减轻了他的劳苦。他们在场颇为重要，一方面是要表明他们与以斯拉所宣告的属神真理衷心相合，另一方面也是要分担这公开诵读并讲解圣经的重要职责。
Originale inglese
4. Ezra . . . stood upon a pulpit of wood--Not made in the form known to us, but only a raised scaffold or platform, broad enough to allow fourteen persons to stand with ease upon it. Ezra's duty was very laborious, as he continued reading aloud from morning until midday, but his labor was lightened by the aid of the other priests present. Their presence was of importance, partly to show their cordial agreement with Ezra's declaration of divine truth; and partly to take their share with him in the important duty of publicly reading and expounding the Scripture.
5
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简体中文
5. 他一展开，众民都站起来——他们采取这姿态，或为尊敬神的话，更可能是因为诵读前有庄严的祷告，结束时众人一同说「阿们、阿们」。
Originale inglese
5. when he opened it, all the people stood up--This attitude they assumed either from respect to God's word, or, rather, because the reading was prefaced by a solemn prayer, which was concluded by a general expression of "Amen, Amen."
7
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简体中文
7-8. 百姓明白律法……讲明意思——注释家对这话的含义意见分歧。有人认为以斯拉是用纯正的希伯来语诵读律法，而协助他的利未人逐句翻译成迦勒底语，即被掳者在巴比伦所说的方言。另有人认为这些利未人的职责是向许多已经非常无知的百姓解释以斯拉所念的。
Originale inglese
7, 8. caused the people to understand the law . . . gave the sense--Commentators are divided in opinion as to the import of this statement. Some think that Ezra read the law in pure Hebrew, while the Levites, who assisted him, translated it sentence by sentence into Chaldee, the vernacular dialect which the exiles spoke in Babylon. Others maintain that the duty of these Levites consisted in explaining to the people, many of whom had become very ignorant, what Ezra had read.
9
Ne 8:9-15.
简体中文
Ne 8:9-15.
百姓得安慰。
9-10. 今日是耶和华你们的圣日……不要悲哀哭泣——百姓因诵读律法及其警告而深刻想起国家的罪，心中满了悔罪之愁。然而尽管诵读律法唤起了他们想起国家之罪的痛苦回忆，百姓却被劝勉要存喜乐与感恩之情，与圣洁的节期相称
（见 Le 23:24 注释）。
借着将食物分给他们较贫穷的弟兄
（De 16:11, 14； Es 9:19），
他们也可使这些弟兄同享公众的欢乐。
Originale inglese
Ne 8:9-15.
THE PEOPLE COMFORTED.
9, 10. This day is holy unto the Lord . . . mourn not, nor weep--A deep sense of their national sins, impressively brought to their remembrance by the reading of the law and its denunciations, affected the hearts of the people with penitential sorrow. But notwithstanding the painful remembrances of their national sins which the reading of the law awakened, the people were exhorted to cherish the feelings of joy and thankfulness associated with a sacred festival (see on
Le 23:24).
By sending portions of it to their poorer brethren
(De 16:11, 14; Es 9:19),
they would also enable them to participate in the public rejoicings.
16
Ne 8:16-18.
简体中文
Ne 8:16-18.
他们守住棚节。
16. 于是百姓出去，取了……为自己搭棚，等等——（见
Le 23:34；
De 16:13 注释）。
Originale inglese
Ne 8:16-18.
THEY KEEP THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES.
16. the people went forth, and brought . . . and made themselves booths, &c.--(See on
Le 23:34;
De 16:13).
17
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简体中文
17. 从嫩的儿子约书亚的时候直到那日，以色列人没有这样行——这一全国性的节期并没有被疏忽如此之久。撒母耳、大卫以及其他敬虔的君王不可能容忍这样公然违背律法的事，且其守节也有充分的记号
（1Ki 8:2, 65； 2Ch 7:9） 并明载于经
（Ezr 3:4）。
但其意乃是：自从他们进入迦南以来，从未像如今经过漫长痛苦的被掳归回之时那样，民众的情绪被提升到如此热烈欢腾的高峰。
Originale inglese
17. since the days of Jeshua . . . had not the children of Israel done so--This national feast had not been neglected for so protracted a period. Besides that it is impossible that such a flagrant disregard of the law could have been tolerated by Samuel, David, and other pious rulers, its observance is sufficiently indicated
(1Ki 8:2, 65; 2Ch 7:9)
and expressly recorded
(Ezr 3:4).
But the meaning is, that the popular feelings had never been raised to such a height of enthusiastic joy since the time of their entrance into Canaan, as now on their return after a long and painful captivity.
18
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简体中文
18. 每日……他念神的律法书——这超出了律法所吩咐的
（De 31:10-12）， 乃出于当时洋溢的热心。
第八日照例有严肃会——这是节期末了的大日（见
Nu 29:35 注释）。
到后来的时代，又增加了其他增添欢乐的仪式
（Joh 7:37）。
Originale inglese
18. Also day by day . . . he read in the book of the law of God--This was more than was enjoined
(De 31:10-12),
and arose from the exuberant zeal of the time.
on the eighth day was a solemn assembly--This was the last and great day of the feast (see on
Nu 29:35).
In later times, other ceremonies which increased the rejoicing were added
(Joh 7:37).
Ne 8:1-8.
诵读与聆听律法的敬虔方式。
1. 如同一人聚集——这次盛会是为守七月的节期
（Ne 7:73）。
每月的初一都作为圣洁的节期开始；但七月初一却格外受到尊崇，被称为「吹角节」，延续两天。这是教会历第七年的第一天，也是犹太民事年的元旦，因此被视为「大日」。百姓集会的地点在「水门」，位于南面的城墙上。尼提宁人或基遍人经此门将水送入圣殿，门前有一片宽阔的空地。
他们请文士以斯拉将摩西的律法书带来——他比尼希米早十二三年来到耶路撒冷。他可能留在那里，也可能为遵行王的诏令及履行重要职责而返回了巴比伦。他随尼希米一同归回，但居于次要地位。自尼希米被任命为省长（tirshatha）之后，以斯拉便退居私生活。这位敬虔的祭司虽然衷心而热心地与这位爱国志士合作推行各项重大改革，却把时间精力主要放在编纂正典圣经的完备版本上。律法规定每逢第七年须向百姓公开诵读圣经；然而在被掳的漫长岁月中，这一美好惯例连同许多其他规矩都被忽略了，直到此时才得以复兴。归回耶路撒冷的被掳者中有强烈而普遍的愿望要听人向他们诵读神的话语，这表明宗教情感已大有改善。