Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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A battle between Israel and the Philistines, in which the former are defeated, with the loss of four thousand men, 1 Samuel 4:1, 1 Samuel 4:2. They resolve to give the Philistines battle once more, and bring the ark of the Lord, with Hophni and Phinehas the priests, into the camp, 1 Samuel 4:3, 1 Samuel 4:4. They do so, and become vainly confident, 1 Samuel 4:5. At this the Philistines are dismayed, 1 Samuel 4:6-9. The battle commences; the Israelites are again defeated, with the loss of thirty thousand men; Hophni and Phinehas are among the slain; and the ark of the Lord is taken, 1 Samuel 4:10, 1 Samuel 4:11. A Benjamite runs with the news to Eli; who, hearing of the capture of the ark, falls from his seat, and breaks his neck, 1 Samuel 4:12-18. The wife of Phinehas, hearing of the death of her husband, and father-in-law, and of the capture of the ark, is taken in untimely travail, beings forth a son, calls him I-chabod, and expires, 1 Samuel 4:19-22.
INTRODUCTION TO FIRST SAMUEL 4
This chapter is a narrative of a war between Israel and the Philistines, in the time of Samuel, and of the consequences of it. In the first battle, the Philistines had the better of the Israelites, which caused the latter to inquire into the reason of it, and who proposed to fetch the ark of the Lord, and did, to repair their loss, and prepare for a second battle, in which they hoped to succeed, and which struck a panic into their enemies, 1 Samuel 4:1, who yet encouraged and stirred up one another to behave in a courageous manner, and victory a second time was on their side, a great number of the Israelites were slain, among whom were Hophni and Phinehas, the two sons of Eli, and the ark of God was taken, 1 Samuel 4:8, the news of which being brought to Eli, he fell back and died, 1 Samuel 4:12 and to his daughter-in-law, who upon it fell into labour, and died also, 1 Samuel 4:19.
IV.
(1Samuel 4:1-22) Last Days of Eli. Defeat of Israel at Aphek. The Ark leaves the Shiloh Sanctuary. The Battle in which the Ark is taken. Hophni and Phinehas are Slain. The Death of Eli.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
1Sa 4:1-11.
1Sam 4:1-11.
イスラエルがペリシテ人に敗れる。
1. サムエルの言葉はすべてのイスラエルに臨んだ――預言者としてのサムエルの性格は今や十分に確立していた。「オープンな幻」の欠如は彼によって補われた。「彼の言葉は一つも地に落ちなかった」
(1Sam 3:19)
からであり、イスラエルのすべての民が神の命令を受ける手段、あるいはその預言者の賜物を通して神の思いが何であるかを知らせてもらうために、彼の住むシロに相談に来たのである。若い預言者の台頭する影響力が、ペリシテ人の嫉妬深い恐怖を煽ったことはあり得る。彼らはサムソンの死以来、ある程度イスラエル人を服従させており、さらなる圧迫によって、サムエルの勧めと指導の下に訓練され、国民的独立を再主張する可能性を防ぐと決心していた。いずれにせよ、ペリシテ人が侵略者であった
(1Sam 4:2)。
しかし他方、イスラエル人は、戦争についてサムエルの承認を得ることも、彼らが取った後続の措置について彼に相談することもなく戦場に駆け出した点で、軽率で思慮が足りなかった。
イスラエルはペリシテ人と戦うために出て行った――すなわち、この新たな侵入を撃退するためである。
エベン・エゼル……アフェク――アフェクは「力」を意味し、任意の砦や要塞に適用される名である。パレスチナにはいくつかのアフェクがあった。しかしエベン・エゼルの言及により、この「アフェク」は南部、ユダの山々の間、ベト・ホロンの峠道の西の入口付近、したがってペリシテ領土の境にあるものと定まる。アフェクでの最初の遭遇が不成功に終わり、イスラエル人はより良い条件の下で戦いを再開することを決心した。
ある人々は、この節の冒頭の言葉を 1 Samuel 3 の終わりに付して、そこで述べられた事柄を補うものとして理解する。すなわち「主はシロでサムエルにご自身を示された……サムエルの言葉は全イスラエルに及んだ」という意味である。もしこの言葉を 1 Samuel 4 の冒頭に置き、後に続く内容と結びつけるならば、サムエルが全イスラエルを呼び集めてペリシテ人との戦いに向かわせたという意味に理解しなければならない（1 Samuel 7:5 と比較せよ）。しかしこれは、この言葉の自然な解釈ではない。この言葉は明らかに前の内容に属するように見える。
ペリシテ人への言及は、この叙述を Judges 13-16 と結びつけている。ペリシテ人の圧制は四十年間続いたが(Judges 13:1)、それはサムエルの時代に、すなわち彼の士師職のおよそ二十年目に終わったように見え(1 Samuel 7:13-14、1 Samuel 7:2)、さらにこの圧制はサムソンが生まれる前にはすでに始まっており(Judges 13:5)、サムソンは「ペリシテ人の時代に」二十年間イスラエルをさばいた(Judges 15:20)のであるから、エリの士師職の後半とサムエルの士師職の初期とは、サムソンの生存期間と重なっていたと考えなければならない。
「エベン・エゼル」 - すなわち「助けの石」の意である。この場所は、後になってサムエルによってそのように名づけられた。欄外の参照を見よ。「アフェク」、すなわち「要塞」は、おそらく Joshua 12:18 の「アフェク」と同じ場所であろう。それはユダの西の国境の方にあり、ベニヤミンのミツパからそれほど遠くなく、シロの近くにあったと思われる(1 Samuel 4:4)。
The word of Samuel came to all Israel - This clause certainly belongs to the preceding chapter, and is so placed by the Vulgate, Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic.
Pitched beside Eben-ezer - This name was not given to this place till more than twenty years after this battle, see 1 Samuel 7:12; for the monument called האבן העזר haeben haezer, the "Stone of Help," was erected by Samuel in the place which was afterwards from this circumstance, called Eben-ezer, when the Lord had given the Israelites a signal victory over the Philistines. It was situated in the tribe of Judah, between Mizpeh and Shen, and not far from the Aphek here mentioned. This is another proof that this book was compiled after the times and transactions which it records, and probably from memoranda which had been made by a contemporary writer.
And the word of Samuel came to all Israel,.... Or was "known", as the Targum, the word of prophecy by him, which related to what befell Eli and his family; this was spread throughout the land, and everyone almost had knowledge of it, and which began to be fulfilled in the war between Israel and the Philistines, later related; or the doctrine, instructions, and exhortations of Samuel to the people of Israel, were by the means of others conveyed throughout the land; and yet they went into measures which proved fatal and ruinous to them; or the word of Samuel, which was from the Lord, came to Israel, to stir them up to go to war with the Philistines, whereby the punishment threatened to Eli's family would begin to have its accomplishment:
now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle; according to the word of Samuel, or of the Lord by him; though Ben Gersom thinks they did this of themselves, which was their sin, and did not ask counsel of the Lord, nor of Samuel his prophet; but it seems as if the Philistines were the aggressors, and first came forth to war against them, and they went out to meet them (a), as the word is, and defend themselves as it became them: this was forty years after the death of Samson, and at the end of Eli's government, who judged Israel so many years, when they had recruited themselves, and recovered their losses they sustained by Samson; and when they perceived a new judge was raised up among the Israelites, who was likely to be of great service to them, and to prevent their authority over them, and therefore thought to begin with them as soon as possible:
and pitched beside Ebenezer; a place so called by anticipation, and had its name from an later victory obtained, when Samuel set up a stone between Mizpeh and Shen, and called it by this name, 1 Samuel 7:12, it signifies a stone of help:
and the Philistines pitched in Aphek; a city in the tribe of Judah, bordering on the Philistines; see Gill on Joshua 12:18.
(a) "in occursum", Pagninus, Montanus.
前の数章におけるエリの家の没落に関する預言が、ここで成就し始める。どれほど後のことかは示されていないが、確かに長くはなかった。このような罪人に対して神はしばしば迅速な処置をされる。
ここに次のことを見る。
一、ペリシテ人との遭遇においてイスラエルが被った恥辱と損失（サムエル記第一4章1,2節）。 二、ホフニとピネハスの肩に神の箱を運び込んで陣営を固めようとした彼らの愚かな企て（同4章3,4節）。これは彼らを安心させ（同4章5節）、ペリシテ人に恐怖を与えたが、その恐怖は彼らを奮い立たせるものであった（同4章6-9節）。 三、その致命的な結果。すなわちイスラエルは打ち破られ、神の箱は捕囚となった（同4章10,11節）。 四、この知らせがシロにもたらされ、その知らせの悲しい受け止められ方。
これらは、聞く者の耳を鳴らさせるはずの出来事であった。