Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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David is tempted by Satan to number Israel and Judah, 2 Samuel 24:1. Joab remonstrates against it, but the king determines that it shall be done; and Joab and the captains accomplish the work, and bring the sum total to the king: viz.: eight hundred thousand warriors in Israel, and five hundred thousand in Judah, 2 Samuel 24:2-9. David is convinced that he has done wrong; and the prophet Gad is sent to him, to give him his choice of three judgments, one of which God is determined to inflict upon the nation, 2 Samuel 24:10-13. David humbles himself before God; and a pestilence is sent, which destroys seventy thousand men, 2 Samuel 24:14, 2 Samuel 24:15. The angel of the Lord being about to destroy Jerusalem, David makes intercession, and the plague is stayed, 2 Samuel 24:16, 2 Samuel 24:17. Gad directs him to build an altar to the Lord on the threshing-floor of Araunah, where the plague was stayed, 2 Samuel 24:18. He purchases this place for the purpose, and offers burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, 2 Samuel 24:19-25.
INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 24
In this chapter an account is given of David's numbering of the people, 2 Samuel 24:1; of the sense he had of his sin, and of his acknowledgment of it; and of the Lord's displeasure at it, who sent the prophet Gad to him, to propose three things to him, one of which he was to choose as a punishment for it, 2 Samuel 24:10; when he chose the pestilence, which carried off a great number of the people, 2 Samuel 24:14; and David was directed to build an altar to the Lord in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite, with whom he agreed for it, and built one on it, and offered upon it, and so the plague was stayed, 2 Samuel 24:18.
XXIV.
This chapter contains the account of David’s sin in numbering the people, and the punishment in consequence. The same narrative is found in 1 Chronicles 21, but with such considerable variations as to show that neither can have been taken from the other, but both must have been drawn from the original documents, which were probably very full, quite independently of each other.
No definite note of time is given. The word again in 2Samuel 24:1 clearly refers to 2 Samuel 21, and so places this after the three years’ famine for the Gibeomtes. The fact that Joab was engaged in the work nearly ten months (2Samuel 24:8) shows that it must have been a time of profound peace. The story in Chronicles is immediately followed by the account of David’s final preparations for the building of the Temple. All these considerations concur in placing it near the close of his reign.
The question of the nature of David’s sin in this act has been much discussed. The mere taking of a census in itself could not have been wrong, since it was provided for in the Law (Exodus 30:12) and had been repeatedly carried out by Moses (Numbers 1, 26). Nor is it likely that it was for the reason given by Josephus, that David neglected to secure for the sanctuary, as required, a half shekel from each one numbered (Exodus 30:13), since there is no mention of this, and David was at this very time concentrating the whole wealth of the kingdom for the future sanctuary. Yet the sinfulness of the act is distinctly set forth in the narrative (2Samuel 24:1) and in the punishment inflicted (2Samuel 24:15-16), is recognised by David himself (2Samuel 24:10; 2Samuel 24:17), and even forcibly impressed itself upon a person so little scrupulous as Joab (2Samuel 24:3). It must, then, plainly be sought in the motive of David. The whole connection shows that it was a military census, and it was made, not through the priests and Levites, but through Joab and “the captains of the host.” It would appear that prosperity and power, the natural generators of pride, had momentarily affected even David’s humble dependence upon God, and led him to wish to organise his kingdom more perfectly as a worldly power among the nations of the earth. A first step in this direction must of course be the placing of his military forces upon a systematic footing. This same desire to turn aside Israel from being a simple theocracy, to become a great earthly power, was the constant sin of the nation. It had led at the first to the request for a king, and Solomon was so thoroughly possessed with it, and so ordered all his policy in view of it, as to draw down, at his death, the judgment of the breaking up of the unity of the nation; and it is not surprising that, after all his conquests, David, in a moment of weakness, should have given way to something of the same spirit. It was thus an act most absolutely at variance with that general character which made him “a man after God’s own heart.”
Ch. 24. The numbering of the People and the Plague
=1 Chronicles 21:1-27There is no definite note of time to shew when the events here recorded took place, but several indications point to the later years of David’s reign. (a) The language of 2 Samuel 24:1, “again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel” evidently refers to the famine recorded in ch. 21. and points to a date after that occurrence. (b) It would have been impossible for the commander-in-chief to spend nearly ten months in taking the census, except at a time of permanent peace. (c) David’s preparations for building the Temple, which occupied the last years of his reign, are narrated in Chronicles as the immediate sequel of his purchase of Araunah’s threshing-floor.
The corresponding narrative in Chronicles agrees much less closely than usual with Samuel. Either its writer drew from other sources, or the compiler of Samuel has omitted much of the original account.
For a discussion of the nature of David’s sin see Additional Note v. p. 238.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
2Sa 24:1-9.
2Sa 24:1-9.
ダビデが民の数を数える。
1-4. 再び主の怒りがイスラエルに対して燃え上がり、主は彼らに逆らってダビデを促して、『行って、イスラエルとユダを数えよ』と言わせられた——「再び」は、三年間のききんにおける御怒りのしるし
[2Sa 21:1]
に読者を引き戻す。神は、どんな人をも誘惑することはできず
(Jas 1:13)、
聖書には神が単に許容されることを「なす」と描写されることがしばしばある。そこで今回の場合も、神はサタンがダビデを誘惑することを許容されたのである。サタンが能動的な推進者であり、神はただその支えの恵みを引き退けられただけであって、大いなる誘惑者が王に勝ったのである。（
Ex 7:13; 1Sa 26:19; 2Sa 16:10; 詩 105:25; イザ 7:17
などを参照。）この命令はヨアブに与えられた。ヨアブは宗教的なためらいによって一般に拘束されるような者ではなかったが、今回ばかりは強い言葉で（
1Ch 21:3 を参照）、
この措置の罪と危険を呈示しなかったわけにはいかなかった。彼は王の思いとどまらせるためにあらゆる論拠を用いた。聖書の歴史は、彼や他の著名な将校たちがダビデの評議会においてこの件に反対して唱えた異論を記していない。しかし、それらがすべて王の動かぬ決意によって覆されたことを明確に述べている。
主の怒りが再びイスラエルに向かって燃え上がった - この文は章全体の見出しであり、章は続いて、この怒りに火をつけた罪、すなわち民の数の調査(1 Chronicles 21:7-8; 1 Chronicles 27:24)を描写する。時を示す記録はない。「再び」という語が、これらの出来事が 2 Samuel 21 の出来事の「後」に起こったことを示すのみである(2 Samuel 24:25; 2 Samuel 21:14 も比較せよ)。
彼はダビデを促した - 1 Chronicles 21:1 の記述は、「また、ひとりの敵対者が立ち上がってイスラエルに敵対し、ダビデを促した」となっている(Job 1:6; Job 2:1 などの場合とは異なり冠詞が前置されていないため、欽定訳のように「サタン」としてはならない)。これは、1 Kings 11:14; 1 Kings 11:23; 1 Kings 11:25 において、初めにハダドが、次にレゾンが、ソロモンとイスラエルにとっての「敵対者」(サタン)であったと言われるのとちょうど同じである。それゆえ、本文は「ある者が彼らに敵してダビデを促したのである」と訳されるべきである。それが誰の助言であったかは告げられていないが、ダビデとイスラエルの真の利益の敵であることを自ら明らかにした何者かが、王に民の数を調べるよう促したのである。
He moved David against them - God could not be angry with David for numbering the people if he moved him to do it; but in the parallel place (1 Chronicles 21:1) it is expressly said, Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. David, in all probability, slackening in his piety and confidence toward God, and meditating some extension of his dominions without the Divine counsel or command, was naturally curious to know whether the number of fighting men in his empire was sufficient for the work which he had projected. See more on 2 Samuel 24:10 (note). He therefore orders Joab and the captains to take an exact account of all the effective men in Israel and Judah. God is justly displeased with this conduct, and determines that the props of his vain ambition shall be taken away, either by famine, war, or pestilence.
前の章で読んだダビデの遺言は見事に良かったが、本章では彼の最後のわざのいくつかを読む。それらは最も良いものではなかった。しかし彼は悔い改め、再び初めのわざを行い、こうして立派に生涯を終えた。ここに次のことがある。I. 彼の罪、それは心の高ぶりから民の数を数えたことであった（2Sa 24:1-9）。II. その罪の自覚と、それに対する悔い改め（2Sa 24:10）。III. そのための罰として下された裁き（2Sa 24:11-15）。IV. 裁きの停止（2Sa 24:16,17）。V. 神の彼とその民との和解のしるしとしての祭壇の建立（2Sa 24:18-25）。