Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
これもまたダビデの詩篇である。それが作られた機会は表題では示されていないが、この詩篇の内容は、これが彼の生涯の早期に、迫害を受けていた時期に――最も可能性が高いのはサウルの時代に――書かれたことを疑う余地を残さない。この詩篇はダビデの文体と精神のあらゆるしるしを帯びており、彼がその作者であったことは疑い得ない。これが詩篇の書の中で「ここに」位置を占めることになった理由については、Psalm 138:1-8 の緒言を参照。「聖歌隊の指揮者に」という句については、Psalm 4:1-8 の緒言を参照。
The psalmist prays against his enemies, Psalm 140:1-6; returns thanks for help, Psalm 140:7; describes his enemies, and prays farther against them, Psalm 140:8-11. His confidence in God, Psalm 140:12, Psalm 140:13.
The Hebrew, and all the Versions, attribute this Psalm to David; and it is supposed to contain his complaint when persecuted by Saul. The Syriac determines it to the time when Saul endeavored to transfix David with his spear.
INTRODUCTION TO Psalm 140
To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. This psalm, A ben Ezra says, was composed by David before he was king; and Kimchi says, it is concerning Doeg and the Ziphites, who calumniated him to Saul; and, according to our English contents, it is a prayer of David to be delivered from Saul and Doeg. The Syriac inscription is,
"said by David, when Saul threw a javelin at him to kill him, but it struck the wall; but, spiritually, the words of him that cleaves to God, and contends with his enemies.''
R. Obadiah says, it was made at the persecution of David by Saul, which was before the kingdom of David; as the persecution (of Gog) is before the coming of the Messiah. It is indeed before his spiritual coming, but not before his coming in the flesh; and David may be very well considered in the psalm as a type of Christ, for he was particularly so in his sufferings, as well as in other things.
CXL.
The date of its composition is in no way indicated in this psalm. Its resemblance to Psalms 58, 64 hardly needs to be pointed out. “The close of all three psalms sounds much alike; they agree in the use of rare forms of expression, and their language becomes fearfully obscure in style and sound. when they are directed against the enemies.” Besides the conjecture of Davidic authorship by the Rabbins, further developed by the addition in the Syriac, “when Saul threw the spear,” Manasseh’s reign, the immediate post-exile times, and the Maccabæan age, have all been selected for the situations out of which the psalm sprang. It is most in harmony with its feeling to suppose Israel speaking as a community, or an individual who identifies his own fortunes entirely with that of the better part of the nation. Heathen oppressors and foreign influences are undoubtedly attacked in the poem, and the blessings attending a loyal adherence to the religious and national traditions supply the cheerful and confident tone in which it ends. The rhythm is fine and varied.
Title.—See Psalms 4.
Psalms 140-143 form a group distinguished by external and internal characteristics.
(1) All bear the name of David: three are entitled ‘a Psalm [Mizmor] of David,’ a designation comparatively rare in Books iv and v; and one is entitled ‘Maschil of David,’ a designation which occurs nowhere else in these books. Psalms 142 is the only Psalm in these books which has a title indicating the occasion to which it is supposed to refer. Psalms 140 is inscribed For the Precentor, which is only found twice again in these books. Selah occurs three times in 140 and once in 143, but nowhere else in these books. These external characteristics suggest that these Psalms may have been derived from some source in which such terms and notes were common, as they are in the earlier books.
(2) They are marked by a general similarity of thought and language. Compare especially Psalm 141:1, Psalm 142:1, Psalm 143:1, Psalm 140:6, Psalm 142:3, Psalm 143:4, Psalm 142:7, Psalm 143:11, Psalm 140:5, Psalm 141:9, Psalm 142:3, Psalm 140:9, Psalm 141:10.
(3) They appear to reflect the same or similar circumstances. In 140 we see the Psalmist exposed to the plots of merciless and unscrupulous enemies, who are endeavouring to ruin him by calumny and slander; in 141 we watch him struggling against the temptation to sacrifice principle and cast in his lot with the godless party; in 142 his utter solitude and helplessness are pathetically described; in 143 his situation has become even more desperate: all will soon be over if he is not speedily rescued from the hands of his persecutors.
It is then not improbable that they were composed by the same author. This author however can hardly have been David. While it would be rash to affirm that all the Psalms of David must have been included in earlier collections incorporated in the Psalter, these Psalms lack the marks of originality. They are full of reminiscences of earlier Psalms, some of which, e.g. Psalms 77, are of comparatively late date, and probably they shew traces of familiarity with Job and Proverbs. They may have the name of David prefixed to them because they were taken from a collection bearing the name of David, or because they were recognised as imitations of Psalms believed to be his. Delitzsch supposes that they were “dramatic lyrics,” written to illustrate episodes in the life of David, and originally stood in some historical work, from which they were transferred to the Psalter. But dependent as they are upon earlier Psalms for their language, they have a vigour and pathos of their own which points to their having sprung from the actual experience of the author.
Who he was or in what period he lived cannot be determined. The times of Manasseh’s persecution; the Exile; the post-exilic period, have been suggested; and on the whole it seems most probable that the Psalms reflect the persecution of earnestly-minded religious men by a worldly and unscrupulous party at some time in the unsettled circumstances of this later period.
Some critics suppose that the speaker in these Psalms is not an individual, but the nation; but though some phrases favour this view, the poet’s utterances seem to be inspired by the reality of personal experience, and the ascription of the Psalms to David shews that at the time of their incorporation in the Psalter they were regarded as personal.
The structure of Psalms 140 is regular. It consists of four stanzas of six lines each, the second containing two verses, the others three; and a concluding stanza of four lines.
i. The Psalmist prays to be preserved from the plots of arrogant and unscrupulous enemies, who are endeavouring to ruin him by virulent calumny and treacherous plots (Psalm 140:1-3).
ii. He repeats his prayer, with further description of the treacherous character of his enemies’ schemes under the usual figure of snares and traps (Psalm 140:4-5).
iii. Further prayer that these plots may fail (Psalm 140:6-8),
iv. and that retribution may overtake their authors (Psalm 140:9-11).
v. Concluding expression of confidence in Jehovah’s guardianship of the righteous (Psalm 140:12-13).
Compare generally Psalms 7, 58, 64.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Ps 140:1-13.
本篇の様式は書の前半のダビデの詩篇に似ており、いつもの嘆き、祈り、そして救いへの確信ある希望を呈する。
1. 悪い者―ダビデの敵のうちの誰が意味されるかは重要ではない。
主よ、悪い者から私を救い出してください――すなわち、明らかに、彼を傷つけようと努めていた何らかの特定の者、何らかの個人的な敵からである。言及されているすべての事情は、サウルが意図されているという想定とよく一致する。
暴虐な者から私を守ってください――欄外注では、ヘブル語のままに「暴虐の者たち」。すなわち、これがその人の特徴とみなされ得るほどに、暴虐を犯すことを繰り返し、これほど頻繁に悪を行ってきた者のことである。これは、ダビデを迫害し、彼に傷を負わせようと努めたサウルの繰り返された行為にうまく当てはまる。
この詩と続く四つの詩篇は非常に似通っており、そのねらいも、詩篇の書の初めと中ほどで出会った多くのものと同じであるが、近頃はほとんど見られなかったものである。それらは(見るところ)ダビデがサウルに迫害されたときに書かれた。そのうちの一つは「彼がほら穴にいたときの祈り」とされており、残りのすべても同じ時期に書かれたものであろう。この詩において、一、ダビデは敵たちの悪意を訴え、彼らから自分を守ってくれるよう神に祈る(詩140:1-5)。二、彼は神を自分の神として信頼することを励みとする(詩140:6,7)。三、彼は迫害者たちの滅びを祈り、かつ預言する(詩140:8-11)。四、彼は神のすべての苦しむ民に、その悩みがやがて良い結末に至ることを確証する(詩140:12,13)。この確証によって、私たちはこの詩を歌うにあたって自分自身を、また互いに慰めなければならない。