Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
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Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
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Adam Clarke's Commentary and Critical Notes on the Bible
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
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John Gill's Exposition of the Bible
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
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Calvin's Commentaries
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
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Matthew Poole's Annotations upon the Holy Bible
Matthew Poole · 1685
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The Pulpit Commentary
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
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Keil & Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
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Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
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Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
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Word Pictures in the New Testament
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
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The Expositor's Greek Testament
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
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Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
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Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley · 1755
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Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments
Joseph Benson · 1815
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The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
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MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
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The People's New Testament
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
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Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible
Thomas Coke · 1803
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Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp · 1660
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Hodge's Commentary on the New Testament
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
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本章の分析
この章 Revelation 18 は、しばしば指されてきたあの恐るべき反キリスト的力の上に第七の鉢を空けたことの効果を示すことを意図した、いっそうの「説明的な挿話」とみなすことができる(第17章の分析と比較せよ)(Revelation 16:17-21)。この章の描写は、荒廃に至らされた豊かな商業都市のそれであり、異なる形の下での全般的な観念の遂行にすぎない。この章は次の要点を含む。
(1) もう一人の御使いが、大いなる力を持って天から降りて来て、大いなるバビロンは倒れ、全く荒廃したことを告げる布告をしているのが見える、Revelation 18:1-3。
(2) 警告の声が天から聞こえ、神の民に、彼女から出て来るように、また彼女の罪にも災いにもあずからないように呼びかける。彼女の苦しみと悲しみは、その高ぶりと豪奢に比例するであろう。また彼女の災いは突然彼女の上に来るであろう。死と、喪と、ききんと、火による滅びである、Revelation 18:4-8。
(3) 彼女の没落についての哀歌——特に、彼女と結びついていた者たち、彼女によって腐敗させられた者たち、彼女によって利益を得た者たちによる、Revelation 18:9-19。
(a) 王たちによる、Revelation 18:9-10。彼らは彼女とともに豪華に暮らしてきたのであり、彼女のために悲しむであろう。
(b) 商人たちによる、Revelation 18:11-17。彼らは彼女と交易をしてきたが、今やその交易は終わり、彼女から買う者はいなくなる。彼女に関わる限り、彼らの商売は終わった。彼女が蓄積したすべてのものは今や滅ぼされ、彼女が集めた富はすべて焼き尽くされ、彼女がそれによって富んだそれらの物の一切の交易は終わらされ、これらの物によって他のいかなる都市よりも富み、あたかも細布と紫と深紅をまとい、金と宝石と真珠で飾ったかのようなその都は、とこしえに滅ぼされるのである。
(c) 船長たちと船乗りたちによる、Revelation 18:17-19。彼らはこの交易によって富んでいたが、今やすべてが終わった。彼女の焼かれる煙が昇るのが見え、彼らは遠く離れて立ち、泣く。
(4) 彼女の没落を喜ぶこと、Revelation 18:20。天は、聖なる使徒たちと預言者たちとともに、喜ぶように呼びかけられる。彼らの血が復讐され、地上で迫害が終わるからである。
(5) その都の最終的な滅び、Revelation 18:21-24。強力な御使いが石を取り上げ、それに来るべき滅びの象章として海に投げ込む。琴をひく者、音楽家、笛を吹く者の声は、もはやその中で聞かれることはない。また、もはやそこに働く職人はいなくなり、ひきうすの音はもはや聞かれず、ともしびの光はもはやそこで輝かず、花婿と花嫁の声はもはや聞かれない。
A luminous angel proclaims the fall of Babylon, and the cause of it, Revelation 18:1-3. The followers of God are exhorted to come out of it, in order to escape her approaching punishment, Revelation 18:4-8. The kings of the earth lament her fate, Revelation 18:9, Revelation 18:10. The merchants also bewail her, Revelation 18:11. The articles in which she trafficked enumerated, Revelation 18:12-16. She is bewailed also by shipmasters, sailors, etc., Revelation 18:17-19. All heaven rejoices over her fall, and her final desolation is foretold, Revelation 18:20-24.
INTRODUCTION TO Revelation 18
This chapter gives an account of the fall of Babylon, and of the lamentation of many, and of the joy of others, by reason of it; which account is published by several angels: the first that declares her fall is described by his original, descending from heaven; by the great power he had; by his resplendent glory, and by his mighty cry in publishing her destruction; which is illustrated by the desolate condition she will be in upon her fall; the reasons of which are given, became the nations and kings of the earth had committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth were enriched by her luxury, Revelation 18:1. Another voice is heard from heaven, calling upon the people of God, first to come out of her, lest partaking of her sins they should share in her plagues, seeing her iniquities had reached to heaven, and were remembered before God; and next to take full vengeance on her, because she had glorified herself, lived deliciously, and in great security, Revelation 18:4. And then follows a continuation of the account of her destruction, what her plagues would be, death, mourning, famine, and fire; and which would be sudden, in one hour, and certain, from the power and justice of God, Revelation 18:8. Next follow the lamentations of the kings, merchants, and masters of ships, because of her greatness, riches, and merchandise, which are all come to nothing, Revelation 18:9. And then the church; the saints, apostles, and prophets, are called upon to rejoice at the vengeance taken on her, Revelation 18:20 upon which a mighty angel appears, who by an action signifies the manner of her destruction, and the irrecoverableness of her state and condition, Revelation 18:21 and declares her utter ruin, by affirming that nothing that was either delightful or profitable, or necessary or comfortable, should any more be found in her; giving the reasons of it, because of her luxury, idolatry, and bloodshed, Revelation 18:22.
XVIII.
THE FALL OF BABYLON.—In the commencement of the last chapter the angel (one of the vial-bearing angels) had promised to show the seer the judgment of the harlot (Revelation 18:1); he was accordingly shown first the vision of the scarlet-clad woman seated on the wild beast. The seer was filled with wonder, and the angel entered into explanation of the mystery of the woman, touching on her relation to the beast, and her ultimate doom, and revealing to him who she was. But though the angel has proclaimed her overthrow in his explanatory statement, the judgment of the harlot has not been seen in the vision; we must, in fact, regard the portion of the last chapter, from Revelation 18:7 to the end, as a kind of parenthesis, a pause in the drama of vision, the action of which is resumed in Revelation 18. Yet though the dramatic action is taken up, we are not shown in vision her actual overthrow; but we gather it from the four agencies which are put forward—the angel which proclaims her moral fall (Revelation 18:1-3); the voice from the heaven which gives the vivid description of her sudden overthrow, and of the marvellous sensation it occasioned (Revelation 18:4-20); the angel which tells the irremediable character of her overthrow (Revelation 18:21-24); and finally, the chorus of the heavenly multitude rejoicing over her fall (Revelation 19:1-4).
The Judgement on Babylon
Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Revelation 18 Introduction
CHAPTER 18
Revelation 18:1. The καὶ before μετὰ ταῦτα (Elz.) is, according to A, B, א, al. (Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]), to be deleted; cf. Revelation 7:1.
Revelation 18:2. Instead of ἐν ἰσχύϊ, φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (Elz., Ew. ii.), read ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ, according to decisive witnesses (Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]).
Revelation 18:4. In favor of ἐξέλθατε, A testifies (Lach. 1846, Tisch.; א: ἐξέλθεται; Elz.: ἐξέλθετε); but the plural may have been written because of what follows. According to B, C, ἔξελθε (Lach. 1850) has at least equal authority, although even this sing. may be an emendation because of the address, ὁ λ. μ.
Revelation 18:5. Instead of the interpretation ἠκολούθησαν (Elz.), Beng. already wrote, according to A, B, C: ἐκολλήθησαν (א).
Revelation 18:6. The ὑμῖν after ἀπέδωκεν (Elz.) is, in accordance with A, B, C, א, to be deleted (Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]). Likewise the αὐτῇ after διπλώσ.
Revelation 18:7. Before κάθημαι, there is lacking, in the Rec., an ὅτι (A, B, C, א, Lach., Tisch.).
Revelation 18:8. κρίνας. So A, B, C, א1, al., Beng., Griesb., Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]. The κρίνων (Elz.) is a poor effort at interpretation.
Revelation 18:13. κρὶ ἄμωμον. So A, C, א, Beng., Griesb., Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]. Already, in B, there is the error of an omission (Elz.).
Revelation 18:14. The σου belongs probably after ὀπώρα (A, C, א, Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]), and not after ψυχῆς (B, al., Elz.). The αὐτὰ must stand between οὐκέτι and οὐ μὴ (B, C, Lach., Tisch.), not at the close (Elz.). א has it before εὑρησ. (Tisch. IX. [W. and H.]). Instead of the modification εὑρήσης (Elz.), read, not εὕρῃς (B, Tisch.), but εὑρήσουσιν (A, C, א, al., Lach. [W. and H.]).
Revelation 18:17. ἐπὶ τόπον πλέων. So A, B, C, Griesb., Lach., Tisch. [W. and H.]. א: ἐ. τὸν τὸπ. The Rec. ἐπὶ τῶν πλοίων ὁ ὅμιλος is an unauthorized interpretation.
After, in ch. 17, the great city has been brought to view under the σημεῖον of the great harlot, as the immediate object of God’s judgment, whose execution is now impending,[3908] there follows a description of this judgment. But this is shown[3909] to John, not in the way, as, e.g., Revelation 21:9 sqq., the bride of the Lamb was shown him,—i.e., the judicial act itself whereby the city is effaced, is not presented to the gazing prophet,—but the description of the judgment is communicated in another form. In Revelation 19:1 sqq., this is celebrated as actually completed. On the other hand, at the close of ch. 18, there impends the actual execution (Revelation 18:21-24);[3910] also in the centre (Revelation 18:4-20), the keynote of the description is future,[3911] which is directed also here to the actually still-impending judgment. Accordingly, Revelation 18:1-3 dare not be so understood as though the completion of the judgment were presupposed, as a matter of fact, and accordingly, that the same reference must be made also between Revelation 17:18 and Revelation 18:1; but after a mighty angel has proleptically[3912] proclaimed the judgment now immediately impending over the city, as has already been done, another voice sounds from heaven (Revelation 18:4-20), which first of all commands believers to flee out of the city, whose destruction is now to be accomplished (Revelation 18:5 sqq.), and then describes how the fall of the city will be lamented by the inhabitants of the earth. Finally, another angel (Revelation 18:21-24) shows, by a significant act, how quickly and completely the fall of the city shall be. The proper act of judgment upon the city, which is to be regarded as afterwards between Revelation 18:24 sq. and Revelation 19:1, John therefore does not see; but the more complete and manifest the statement in ch. 18, the more certainly is the promise of the angel in Revelation 17:1 fulfilled.
It is to be observed in all three parts of the description (ch. 18), how not only the whole is penetrated by an agreement with O. T. models, but also, especially, how, after the manner of the ancient prophets, the threat of judgment is not expressed without repeated allusion to the guilt of sin, whereby the just wrath of God is called forth.[3913]
[3908] Cf. Revelation 17:1, Revelation 15:1, Revelation 16:21.
[3909] Revelation 17:1[3910] Notice the future βληθήσεται, Revelation 18:21.
[3911] Cf. Revelation 18:4; Revelation 18:6; Revelation 18:8-9.
[3912] Cf. Revelation 11:15-19, Revelation 14:8.
[3913] Cf., already, Revelation 14:8; Revelation 14:15 sqq., Revelation 16:5; Revelation 16:19.
まだ翻訳がありません。
私たちはここで次の内容を見る。I. 一人の御使いがバビロンの倒壊を告げ知らせる、Rev 18:1,2。II. その倒壊の理由を明らかにする、Rev 18:3。III. 神に属するすべての者に、そこから出るよう警告し（Rev 18:4,5）、その滅亡に協力するよう命じる、Rev 18:6-8。IV. 彼女の罪深い快楽と利益を大いに共に享受していた者たちが、彼女のために激しく嘆き悲しむ、Rev 18:9-19。V. 彼女の回復不能な破滅を見て、他の人々の間に大きな喜びがあるであろうこと、Rev 18:20-24 等である。