Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary
Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
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Matthew Henry · 1714
Matthew Henry 사후(1714) 공개 도메인. 디지털판 CC0-1.0.
Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, David Brown · 1871
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871). CCEL expanded electronic edition states it is in the public domain.
Albert Barnes · 1834
Albert Barnes' Notes on Revelation Of St. John The Divine (New Testament, English original, public domain). Sourced from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/barnes.
Adam Clarke · 1831
Public domain English commentary by Adam Clarke, normalized from Wikisource book pages for scripture.how. Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/clarke.
John Gill · 1763
John Gill(1697-1771), Exposition of the Old and New Testament(1746-1763). Public domain. Retrieval mirror: biblehub.com/commentaries/gill.
John Calvin · 1850
종교개혁 신학 원천 (영역본 PD, 대부분 — 전권 아님)
Matthew Poole · 1685
간결 절별 전권 개혁주의 주석
ed. H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell · 1890
전권 강해·설교·예화 풍부 (항목 대량)
Carl F. Keil, Franz Delitzsch · 1866
구약 학술 표준 — 히브리어·문헌비평·고대근동 배경
ed. Charles J. Ellicott · 1878
학술+가독 균형 전권 주석
Cambridge (다저자) · 1900
준전권 준학술 (권별 저자·연도 확인)
Marvin R. Vincent · 1887
신약 헬라어 단어 연구
A.T. Robertson · 1933
헬라어 시제·문법 해설 결정판 (KR PD / US 1931+ 권별)
ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (다저자) · 1910
헬라어 신약 학술 (권별 저자 PD 확인 필요)
Heinrich A.W. Meyer · 1880
신약 학술 정밀주해 (독일 — K&D 대응)
John Wesley · 1755
간결 실용 전권(NT 1755 / OT 1765) 웨슬리안
Joseph Benson · 1815
웨슬리안 전권 주석
Charles H. Spurgeon · 1885
시편 주석 고전 (설교 자료 풍부)
Alexander Maclaren · 1910
설교형 강해 명저 (전권, 절별 가공 필요)
B.W. Johnson · 1891
평이 절별 신약 해설 (일반신자·모바일)
Thomas Coke · 1803
감리교 전권 주석
John Trapp · 1660
청교도 전권 주석 — Henry/Gill 보완
Charles Hodge · 1860
프린스턴 조직신학 관점 신약 정밀 주석 (롬·고전후·엡)
Romans 2:4. ἤ states the alternative. Either he thinks he will escape, or he despises, etc. χρηστότης is the kindliness which disposes one to do good; ἀνοχὴ (in N.T. only here and in Romans 3:26) is the forbearance which suspends punishment; μακροθυμία is patience, which waits long before it actively interposes. τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ summarises all three in the concrete. It amounts to contempt of God’s goodness if a man does not know (rather, ignores: cf. Acts 13:27, 1 Corinthians 14:38, Romans 10:3) that its end is, not to approve of his sins, but to lead him to repentance.
Romans 2:4. Or—in case thou hast not this illusion—despisest thou, etc. The ἤ draws away the attention from the case first put as a question, and proposes another; Romans 6:3; 1 Corinthians 9:6, and often elsewhere, Baeumlein, Partikell. p. 132.
The despising the divine goodness is the contemptuous unconcern as to its holy purpose, which produces as a natural consequence security in sinning (Sir 5:5 f.).
τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστ.] πλούτος, as designation of the “abundantia et magnitude” (Estius), is a very current expression with the Apostle (Romans 9:23, Romans 11:35; Ephesians 1:7; Ephesians 2:4; Ephesians 2:7; Ephesians 3:16, Colossians 1:27), but is not a Hebraism (Psalm 5:8; Psalm 69:17 al[592]), being used also by Greek authors; Plat. Euth. p. 12 A, and see Loesner, p. 245.
χρηστότητος] is the goodness of God, in accordance with which He is inclined to benefit (and not to punish). Comp Tittmann’s Synon. p. 195.
ἀνοχή and μακροθ., patience and long-suffering—the two terms exhausting the one idea—denote the disposition of God, in accordance with which he indulgently tolerates the sins and delays the punishments. See Wetstein, and the passages from the Fathers in Suicer, Thes. II. p. 294. Comp Tittmann, Synon. p. 194.
ἀγνοῶν] inasmuch as it is unknown to thee, that etc. By this accompanying definition of the καταφρονεῖς the (guilty) folly of the despiser is laid bare as its tragic source. Bengel says aptly: “miratur Paulus hanc ignorantiam.” The literal sense is arbitrarily altered by Pareus, Reiche, de Wette, Maier, and others, who make it denote the not being willing to know, which it does not denote even in Acts 17:23; Romans 10:3; by Kollner, who, following Grotius, Koppe, and many others, holds it to mean non considerans; and also by Hofmann: “to perceive, as one ought.” Comp 1 Corinthians 15:34.
ἄγει] of ethical incitement by influencing the will. Plat. Rep. p. 572 D, al[596] See Kypke and Reisig, a[597] Soph. O. C. 253. Comp Romans 8:14. But it is not to be taken of the conatus (desires to urge), but of the standing relation of the goodness of God to the moral condition of man.[599] This relation is an impelling to repentance, in which the failure of result on the part of man does not cancel the act of the ἄγει itself. Comp Wis 11:23; Appian. ii. 63.
[592] l. and others; and other passages; and other editions.
[596] l. and others; and other passages; and other editions.
[597] d refers to the note of the commentator or editor named on the particular passage.
[599] Therefore no predestination to damnation can be supposed.
Romans 2:4. Goodness and forbearance, &c.— Taylor observes, that goodness is here to be understood of the mercy and goodness of God, which bestowed superior light and advantages upon the Jews. Goodness is used in the same sense with regard to the Gentiles, chap. Romans 11:22. We may observe, that the Apostle uses general terms, that the Jew may not too plainly see that he is speaking to him. When he says, leadeth thee to repentance, the meaning is, ought to lead thee: for it should be carefully noted, that it is very common in the sacred writings, to express not only our Christian privileges, but also the duties to which they oblige, in the present or preterperfect sense; or to speak of that as done which only ought to be done; and which, in fact, may possibly never be done. See Matthew 5:13. 1 Peter 1:6. Hebrews 13:14; Hebrews 13:25.
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Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?
The goodness of God — Gr. το χρηστον , his native goodness, ready to be employed to the behoof and benefit of the creature, Titus 3:4 . Now as the beam of the sun shining on fire doth discourage the burning of that; so the shining of God’s mercies on us should dishearten and extinguish lust in us. This is so equal and needful a duty, that Peter picks this flower out of Paul’s garden, as one of the choicest, and urgeth it upon those to whom he writes, 2 Peter 3:15 .
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Romans 2:4
それとも、神の恵み深さと寛容と忍耐との富を軽んじるのか。すなわち、他者において非難する事を行う者は自らも罪の宣告にさらされるという一般原則を認めるとして、神の特別の恵み深さを根拠に免除を期待するのか。これがユダヤ人の期待であったことは、ここおよび次の章における使徒の論法から、またRomans 9章および11章から明らかである。Matthew 3:9「心の中で『わたしたちの父にはアブラハムがいる』などと思い上がるな」、John 8:33も比較せよ。「軽んじる」。軽んじる(καταφρονεῖν)とは、低い評価を下すことである。神の恵み深さを誤って評価し、それが罪の免許証を与えると考える者、あるいは、神が長く忍ばれるゆえに、あるいはわれわれに対する神の恵み深さが非常に大きいので他の者が滅びてもわれわれは逃れるであろうと想像する者が、神の恵み深さを軽んじる。χρηστότητος、ἀνοχῆς、μακροθυμίαςという語は、異なる側面の下での神の恵み深さを表す。第一は恵みを与えることにおいて表される一般的好意、第二は忍耐、第三は寛容、刑罰の執行における遅さを意味する。使徒が言及するユダヤ人、および一般の人々がこのように神の恵み深さを乱用する理由は、「神の恵み深さがあなたを悔い改めに導くことを知らない」という節によって表される。Ἀγνοῶν(知らない)。知らない、理解しない、そしてここでは、その真の性質と目的を把握しない、ということ。人々は神の恵み深さを乱用する。なぜなら、それが罰しないという御旨を示すのではなく、彼らをその罪から離れさせるために設けられたことを正しく把握しないからである。神の恵み深さがわれわれを悔い改めに導く。なぜなら、そのように恵み深い御方に対するわれわれの務めを思い出させ、受け入れられることへの希望の根拠を与えるからである。「ἄγει(導く)という語は」と、WestminsterのCanon、Wordsworth博士がそのギリシャ語新約聖書に関する優雅で学術的な著作で言うように、「神の御旨だけでなく、人の意志をも含意する。神は導かれるが、人は導かれることを拒みうる。Bengelが言うように、『Deus ducit volentum duci(神は導かれようと望む者を導かれる)』、『Ducit suaviter non cogit(甘く導き、強いられない)』。」まことにその通り。しかし、導かれる意志を与えるのはだれか。先行する恵みはないのか。神は、なすためだけでなく、意志するためにもわれわれのうちに働かれるのではないか。確かに、強いられずに進んでされるようになるということはある。道的勧誘と強制の間に中間の地がある。神は、その力の日にわれわれを進む者とされることによって、強いる必要を超越される。しかし使徒はここでは恵み的な影響についてではなく、摂理のもてなしの道的傾向について語っている。
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5. ところが、あなたは、かたくなさと悔い改めない心のゆえに、——「〜に対して」よりも「〜の中に」とすべき。
自分のために神の怒りのために、——すなわち怒りの日にあなたに臨むべき神の怒りのために。
蓄え、——ここで表現されている何という恐ろしい思想であろうか——罪人自身が、「神の義なるさばきの現される日」に自分の上に破裂するための、絶えず積もり行く神の怒りの備蓄を、蓄えられた宝のように、蓄えているのである。しかもこれは無鉄砲な者についてではなく、信仰と生活の純潔を誇っていた者たちについて語られている。
Or despiseth thou? (η καταφρονεισ?). Another alternative, that of scorn of God's kindness (χρηστοτητος, 2 Corinthians 6:6) and forbearance (ανοχης, old word, holding back from ανεχω, only here in N.T.) and longsuffering (μακροθυμιας, late word for which see 2 Corinthians 6:4; 2 Corinthians 6:6). Καταφρονεω is old verb to think down on (κατα, φρονεω) as in Matthew 6:24; 1 Corinthians 11:22. This upstart Jew actually thinks down on God. And then "the riches" (του πλουτου) of all that comes from God. Leadeth thee to repentance (εις μετανοιαν σε αγε). The very kindness (το χρηστον, the kindly quality) of God is trying to lead (conative present αγε) thee to a right-about face, a change of mind and attitude (μετανοιαν) instead of a complacent self-satisfaction and pride of race and privilege.
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