1
1Sa 31:1-7.
繁體中文
英語原文
1Sa 31:1-7.
SAUL HAVING LOST HIS ARMY AT GILBOA, AND HIS SONS BEING SLAIN, HE AND HIS ARMOR-BEARER KILL THEMSELVES.
1. Now the Philistines fought against Israel--In a regular engagement, in which the two armies met
(1Sa 28:1-4),
the Israelites were forced to give way, being annoyed by the arrows of the enemy, which, destroying them at a distance before they came to close combat, threw them into panic and disorder. Taking advantage of the heights of Mount Gilboa, [the Israelites] attempted to rally, but in vain. Saul and his sons fought like heroes; but the onset of the Philistines being at length mainly directed against the quarter where they were, Jonathan and two brothers, Abinadab or Ishui
(1Sa 14:49)
and Melchishua, overpowered by numbers, were killed on the spot.
3
無題
繁體中文
3-5節. 戰勢對掃羅甚為猛烈，等等. 他似乎英勇地堅持了一段時間；但因疲乏和失血而力竭，又恐怕若活著落在敵人手中，他們會傲慢地虐待他
(Jos 8:29; 10:24; Jud 8:21)， 便請拿兵器的人將他處決。但那軍官不肯如此行。於是掃羅伏在刀上自殺了；那拿兵器的人——據猶太作者的記載是多益——也效法他主人，結束了自己的性命。他們死於同一把刀——正是他們在挪伯屠殺主僕人所用的那同一武器。
英語原文
3-5. the battle went sore against Saul, &c.--He seems to have bravely maintained his ground for some time longer; but exhausted with fatigue and loss of blood, and dreading that if he fell alive into the enemy's hands, they would insolently maltreat him
(Jos 8:29; 10:24; Jud 8:21),
he requested his armor bearer to despatch him. However, that officer refused to do so. Saul then falling on the point of his sword killed himself; and the armor bearer, who, according to Jewish writers, was Doeg, following the example of his master, put an end to his life also. They died by one and the same sword--the very weapon with which they had massacred the Lord's servants at Nob.
6
無題
繁體中文
6. 這樣掃羅死了——（見
1Ch 10:13; Ho 13:11
的註釋)。
和他的三個兒子——在許可掃羅三個最年長、最有活力的兒子死亡，尤其是約拿單的死亡上，明顯可以追溯到神的護理之指引；因為約拿單若在父親死後仍存活，無疑會有一個強大的黨派興起，從而阻礙大衛通往王位的道路。
以及跟隨他的人，那日一同死亡——他的僕人或貼身護衛
(1Ch 10:6)。
英語原文
6. So Saul died--(see on
1Ch 10:13;
Ho 13:11).
and his three sons--The influence of a directing Providence is evidently to be traced in permitting the death of Saul's three eldest and most energetic sons, particularly that of Jonathan, for whom, had he survived his father, a strong party would undoubtedly have risen and thus obstructed the path of David to the throne.
and all his men, that same day together--his servants or bodyguard
(1Ch 10:6).
7
無題
繁體中文
7. 在山谷那邊的以色列人——可能是耶斯列谷——是小黑門山與基利波山脈山嶺之間直接通往約旦河谷的諸谷中最大、最南的一個。那裡城鎮鄉村中的百姓自然會警惶逃命，因為他們若等候勝利者來到，按當時的戰爭慣例，必會被剝奪自由或性命。
英語原文
7. the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley--probably the valley of Jezreel--the largest and southernmost of the valleys that run between Little Hermon and the ridges of the Gilboa range direct into the Jordan valley. It was very natural for the people in the towns and villages there to take fright and flee, for had they waited the arrival of the victors, they must, according to the war usages of the time, have been deprived either of their liberty or their lives.
8
1Sa 31:8-10.
繁體中文
1Sa 31:8-10.
非利士人對他們的屍首誇勝。
8, 9. 次日，非利士人來剝那被殺之人的衣服，看見掃羅和他的三個兒子仆倒——當敵人在戰場上發現被殺王子們的屍體時，他們將其保留以施以特別的侮辱。他們將王和他兒子們的盔甲獻給亞斯他錄廟，將他們的身體釘在珊廟中，又將王頭可恥地釘在大袞廟中
(1Ch 10:10)；
如此將榮耀分給他們各個神明。
英語原文
1Sa 31:8-10.
THE PHILISTINES TRIUMPH OVER THEIR DEAD BODIES.
8, 9. on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen--On discovering the corpses of the slaughtered princes on the battlefield, the enemy reserved them for special indignities. They consecrated the armor of the king and his sons to the temple of Ashtaroth fastened their bodies on the temple of Shen, while they fixed the royal heads ignominiously in the temple of Dagon
(1Ch 10:10);
thus dividing the glory among their several deities.
10
無題
繁體中文
10. 在城牆上——
(2Sa 21:12)——
伯珊的「街上」。那街因其中所立的廟而得名。他們必須沿著那街走到城牆（見
Jos 17:11)。
英語原文
10. to the wall--
(2Sa 21:12)
--"the street" of Beth-shan. The street was called from the temple which stood in it. And they had to go along it to the wall of the city (see
Jos 17:11).
11
1Sa 31:11-13.
繁體中文
1Sa 31:11-13.
雅比基列人取回屍首並葬在雅比。
11-13. 雅比基列的居民聽見非利士人向掃羛所行的事——他們記得掃羛曾為他們所作的重要而及時的服務，心懷感恩且英勇地決定不容許王室遺體遭受如此侮辱。
英語原文
1Sa 31:11-13.
THE MEN OF JABESH-GILEAD RECOVER THE BODIES AND BURY THEM AT JABESH.
11-13. the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard of that which the Philistines had done--Mindful of the important and timely services Saul had rendered them, they gratefully and heroically resolved not to suffer such indignities to be inflicted on the remains of the royal family.
12
無題
繁體中文
12. 勇士們就起來，走了一整夜，從伯珊城取了掃羛和他兒子們的屍首——考慮到伯珊距離一個半小時的路程，且要經過約旦河以西的一條狹窄高地通道（從雅比基列出發全程約十英里），他們必須全力趕路前往，取走無頭的屍體，並在短短一夜之間返回約旦河自己的一邊。
焚燒了——這不是希伯來人的習俗。這次採用此法，可能是為了防止伯珊人來挖掘王家遺體以進一步侮辱。
英語原文
12. valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons--Considering that Beth-shan is an hour and a half's distance, and by a narrow upland passage, to the west of the Jordan (the whole being a journey from Jabesh-gilead of about ten miles), they must have made all haste to travel thither to carry off the headless bodies and return to their own side of the Jordan in the course of a single night.
burnt them--This was not a Hebrew custom. It was probably resorted to on this occasion to prevent all risk of the Beth-shanites coming to disinter the royal remains for further insult.
13
無題
繁體中文
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
將增補、勘誤與評註意見寄給 編者
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Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Send Addenda, Corrigenda, and Sententiae to the editor
撒上31:1-7。
掃羅在基利波失去全軍，兒子們又被殺，他與拿兵器的人一同自盡。
1. 非利士人與以色列人爭戰——在一場正式的交戰中，兩軍相遇
(1Sa 28:1-4)，
以色列人被迫敗退，因敵人的箭矢在遠距離消滅他們、未及近身交鋒就已把他們拋入恐慌和混亂。他們利用基利波山的高地[以色列人]企圖重整，卻徒然。掃羅和他的兒子們如英雄般奮戰；但非利士人的攻勢終於主要集中在他們所在的那一翼，約拿單和兩個兄弟——亞比拿達（又叫亦施韋，
1Sa 14:49）
和麥基舒亞——因寡不敵眾，當場陣亡。