1
2Sa 21:1-9.
繁體中文
英語原文
2Sa 21:1-9.
THE THREE YEARS' FAMINE FOR THE GIBEONITES CEASE BY HANGING SEVEN OF SAUL'S SONS.
1. the Lord answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites--The sacred history has not recorded either the time or the reason of this massacre. Some think that they were sufferers in the atrocity perpetrated by Saul at Nob
(1Sa 22:19),
where many of them may have resided as attendants of the priests; while others suppose it more probable that the attempt was made afterwards, with a view to regain the popularity he had lost throughout the nation by that execrable outrage.
2
無題
繁體中文
2. 因他向以色列和猶大人所發的熱心——他假借嚴格執行神關於滅絕迦南人的律法之名，定意要驅逐或消滅約書亞受騙而存留的那些人。他的真正目的，似乎是要使基遍人的產業因被王室沒收而分給本族的人（參見
撒上22:7）。
無論如何，他向這百姓所行的，違背了一項莊嚴的誓言，牽涉到全國的罪。饑荒，在神護理那智慧而公正的報應中，便成了全國的刑罰；因為希伯來人或參與了這場屠殺，或沒有出面阻止；他們既未設法彌補這過錯，也未對此表示任何驚懼；而且一次普遍而持久的懲治，或許是使人對劫後餘生的基遍餘民產生當有的尊重與保護所必不可少的。
英語原文
2. in his zeal to the children of Israel and Judah--Under pretense of a rigorous and faithful execution of the divine law regarding the extermination of the Canaanites, he set himself to expel or destroy those whom Joshua had been deceived into sparing. His real object seems to have been, that the possessions of the Gibeonites, being forfeited to the crown, might be divided among his own people (compare
1Sa 22:7).
At all events, his proceeding against this people was in violation of a solemn oath, and involving national guilt. The famine was, in the wise and just retribution of Providence, made a national punishment, since the Hebrews either assisted in the massacre, or did not interpose to prevent it; since they neither endeavored to repair the wrong, nor expressed any horror of it; and since a general protracted chastisement might have been indispensable to inspire a proper respect and protection to the Gibeonite remnant that survived.
6
無題
繁體中文
6. 求你將他的子孫中的七人交給我們，我們好在耶和華面前，在掃羅的基比亞吊死他們——希伯來人如同大多數東方民族一樣，乃是先將人殺死，再將其屍身懸掛在木架上，並且屍體不留在架上過日落。王不能拒絕基遍人的這一要求，他們提出此要求不過是行使他們作為報血仇者的權利；他們雖因恐懼、自覺軟弱而先前未曾索賠，如今大衛既已從神諭得知這長久災禍的因由，便覺得自己有責任使基遍人得著完全的滿足——因此他們指明七人這個數目，七被視為完全之數。若說使後裔為極可能是掃羅自己所犯之罪受苦似乎不義，但他的兒孫也許正是他殘忍的工具，是這樁血腥劫掠甘心樂意的執行者。
王說，我必交給你們——不能指責大衛此舉是為藉機除掉爭奪王位的對手，因為所交出的不過是掃羅家族的旁支，從未主張過王權。況且大衛不過是照神所吩咐他的，應允基遍人的請求罷了。
英語原文
6. Let seven men of his sons be delivered unto us, and we will hang them up unto the Lord in Gibeah of Saul--The practice of the Hebrews, as of most Oriental nations, was to slay first, and afterwards to suspend on a gibbet, the body not being left hanging after sunset. The king could not refuse this demand of the Gibeonites, who, in making it, were only exercising their right as blood-avengers; and, although through fear and a sense of weakness they had not hitherto claimed satisfaction, yet now that David had been apprised by the oracle of the cause of the long-prevailing calamity, he felt it his duty to give the Gibeonites full satisfaction--hence their specifying the number seven, which was reckoned full and complete. And if it should seem unjust to make the descendants suffer for a crime which, in all probability, originated with Saul himself, yet his sons and grandsons might be the instruments of his cruelty, the willing and zealous executors of this bloody raid.
the king said, I will give them--David cannot be charged with doing this as an indirect way or ridding himself of rival competitors for the throne, for those delivered up were only collateral branches of Saul's family, and never set up any claim to the sovereignty. Moreover, David was only granting the request of the Gibeonites as God had bidden him do.
8
無題
繁體中文
8. 掃羅女兒米甲為亞得列養育的五個兒子——米甲的姐姐米拉是亞得列的妻子；但米甲收養了這些男孩，在自己看顧之下撫養他們。
英語原文
8. the five sons of Michal the daughter of Saul, whom she brought up for Adriel--Merab, Michal's sister, was the wife of Adriel; but Michal adopted and brought up the boys under her care.
9
無題
繁體中文
9. 把他們懸掛在山上耶和華面前——他們認為自己不受以色列刑法
(De 21:22, 23)
的約束，意圖讓屍體懸掛在那裡，直到神因這獻祭得了平息，降雨在地上，因為缺雨正是饑荒的起因。在饑荒時期將人吊起，以求平息神明的怒氣，這是異教的習俗；基遍人原是亞摩利人
(2Sa 21:2)
的餘民，雖然已經認識了真神，似乎仍未擺脫這種迷信。神在祂的護理中，容許基遍人提出並施行如此野蠻的報復，是為了使受壓迫的基遍人得著公道，並對他們所受的冤屈得到一些補償；尤其是因為違背嚴肅的國家盟約而給真宗教之名帶來的羞辱，可以從以色列中消除，並藉此給人留下一個難忘的教訓，叫人尊重條約與誓約。
英語原文
9. they hanged them in the hill before the Lord--Deeming themselves not bound by the criminal law of Israel
(De 21:22, 23),
their intention was to let the bodies hang until God, propitiated by this offering, should send rain upon the land, for the want of it had occasioned the famine. It was a heathen practice to gibbet men with a view of appeasing the anger of the gods in seasons of famine, and the Gibeonites, who were a remnant of the Amorites
(2Sa 21:2),
though brought to the knowledge of the true God, were not, it seems, free from this superstition. God, in His providence, suffered the Gibeonites to ask and inflict so barbarous a retaliation, in order that the oppressed Gibeonites might obtain justice and some reparation of their wrongs, especially that the scandal brought on the name of the true religion by the violation of a solemn national compact might be wiped away from Israel, and that a memorable lesson should be given to respect treaties and oaths.
10
2Sa 21:10, 11.
繁體中文
2Sa 21:10, 11.
利斯巴善待死者。
10. 利斯巴拿麻布為自己鋪在磐石上——她在那地方附近搭了一個帳棚，她和僕人們在其中晝夜看守，正如被處死之人的親屬常做的那樣，為要驅趕飛鳥和猛獸，不讓牠們靠近那掛在矮樁上示眾的屍體。
英語原文
2Sa 21:10, 11.
RIZPAH'S KINDNESS UNTO THE DEAD.
10. Rizpah . . . took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock--She erected a tent near the spot, in which she and her servants kept watch, as the relatives of executed persons were wont to do, day and night, to scare the birds and beasts of prey away from the remains exposed on the low-standing gibbets.
12
2Sa 21:12-22.
繁體中文
2Sa 21:12-22.
大衛將掃羅和約拿單的骸骨葬在他們父親的墳墓裡。
12. 大衛就去，從那裡將掃羅和他兒子約拿單的骸骨搬了來云云——不久之後，豐沛大雨的降下，或許加上王的命令，使利斯巴得了安慰，可以將那些屍首從受辱的示眾中解下來；大衛受她敬虔之舉的激勵，下令將掃羅和他眾子的遺骸，從雅比基列那個偏僻的墳墓遷出，改葬在洗拉（又稱洗薩）
(1Sa 10:2)
——即今日的伯帖拉——家族的墓穴中，得著體面的安葬。
英語原文
2Sa 21:12-22.
DAVID BURIES THE BONES OF SAUL AND JONATHAN IN THEIR FATHER'S SEPULCHER.
12. David went and took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son, &c.--Before long, the descent of copious showers, or perhaps an order of the king, gave Rizpah the satisfaction of releasing the corpses from their ignominious exposure; and, incited by her pious example, David ordered the remains of Saul and his sons to be transferred from their obscure grave in Jabesh-gilead to an honorable interment in the family vault at Zelah or Zelzah
(1Sa 10:2),
now Beit-jala.
15
無題
繁體中文
15-22. 非利士人又與以色列人打仗——非利士人雖然已經完全臣服於大衛的軍隊，但只要他們中間出現巨人勇士，便會重新振作起來，再次進犯希伯來人的領土。在大衛在位後期，他們先後挑起了四次衝突；在第一次中，王險些喪命，從此以後便不再容許他親赴戰場冒險了。
英語原文
15-22. Moreover the Philistines had yet war again with Israel--Although the Philistines had completely succumbed to the army of David, yet the appearance of any gigantic champions among them revived their courage and stirred them up to renewed inroads on the Hebrew territory. Four successive contests they provoked during the latter period of David's reign, in the first of which the king ran so imminent a risk of his life that he was no longer allowed to encounter the perils of the battlefield.
2Sa 21:1-9.
為基遍人的緣故所降的三年饑荒，因吊死掃羅的七個兒子而止息。
1. 耶和華回答說，這是因掃羅和他流人血的家的罪，因為他殺了基遍人——聖史既未記載這樁屠殺的時間，也未記其原因。有人認為他們是掃羅在挪伯所行暴行
（撒上22:19）
中的受害者，因他們許多人可能住在那裏伺候祭司；也有人認為更可能此事發生在其後，目的是要藉此重獲因那可憎暴行而在全國所失去的民心。