1
De 12:1-15.
繁體中文
英語原文
De 12:1-15.
MONUMENTS OF IDOLATRY TO BE DESTROYED.
1. These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe--Having in the preceding chapter inculcated upon the Israelites the general obligation to fear and love God, Moses here enters into a detail of some special duties they were to practise on their obtaining possession of the promised land.
2
無題
繁體中文
2. 你們要將所趕出國民事奉神的各地方……都毀除了——這條神的命令建立在人性的傾向之上；因為要使以色列人免受偶像崇拜的試探，唯一有效的方法就是把一切與偶像崇拜相聯之物從眼前除去，使它永不再被提及、不留任何痕跡。值得注意的是，摩西並未提到廟宇，因為在那早期並無這樣的建築。被選為異教敬拜場所的"地方"，或在崇高山嶺之巔，或在人工堆築的土墩上，或在以特定樹木——如橡樹、楊樹、榆樹——栽植的叢林中
(賽 57:5-7; 何 4:13)。
選擇這些地點既是為了僻靜，也是為了引導人向上仰望諸天；"地方"不過是一個奉獻的圍場，至多是一個遮蔽風雨的篷蓋或屏障。
英語原文
2. Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the nations which ye shall possess served their gods--This divine command was founded on the tendencies of human nature; for to remove out of sight everything that had been associated with idolatry, that it might never be spoken of and no vestige of it remain, was the only effectual way to keep the Israelites from temptations to it. It is observable that Moses does not make any mention of temples, for such buildings were not in existence at that early period. The "places" chosen as the scene of heathen worship were situated either on the summit of a lofty mountain, or on some artificial mound, or in a grove, planted with particular trees, such as oaks, poplars, and elms
(Isa 57:5-7; Ho 4:13).
The reason for the selection of such sites was both to secure retirement and to direct the attention upward to heaven; and the "place" was nothing else than a consecrated enclosure, or at most, a canopy or screen from the weather.
3
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繁體中文
3. 也要拆毀他們的祭壇——即草皮或小石堆。
打碎他們的柱像——在雕刻技藝為人所知以前，偶像的"像"不過是塗彩的石塊而已。
英語原文
3. And ye shall overthrow their altars--piles of turf or small stones.
and break their pillars--Before the art of sculpture was known, the statues of idols were only rude blocks of colored stones.
5
無題
繁體中文
5. 耶和華你們神所選擇……立為自己名的居所……你要到那裡去——他們既被禁止以異教不潔迷信的方式敬拜，也不得在異教徒常去的任何地方敬拜。神要親自選擇一個供所有支派共同集合的特定地點；選擇一個共同的地點舉行莊嚴的宗教禮儀，是屬神的智慧之舉，旨在護衛真宗教。此舉極其有利於防止他們因常去叢林和高岡而滲入的腐敗——保持敬拜的統一，並使他們的信心始終指向那為他們一切祭物所預表的主。這地先後是米斯巴、示羅，尤其是耶路撒冷。但在摩西所有提及的話中，從未提到這地的名字。這種刻意的沉默，部分是為了防備迦南人——這地在其境內——集中兵力挫敗一切取得的指望；部分是為了避免對這樣重要之地的渴望成為希伯來各支派之間爭競不和的緣由，正如祭司職任的任命之爭一樣
(民 16:1-30)。
英語原文
5. unto the place which the Lord your God shall choose . . . to put his name there . . . thou shalt come--They were forbidden to worship either in the impure superstitious manner of the heathen, or in any of the places frequented by them. A particular place for the general rendezvous of all the tribes would be chosen by God Himself; and the choice of one common place for the solemn rites of religion was an act of divine wisdom, for the security of the true religion. It was admirably calculated to prevent the corruption which would otherwise have crept in from their frequenting groves and high hills--to preserve uniformity of worship and keep alive their faith in Him to whom all their sacrifices pointed. The place was successively Mizpeh, Shiloh, and especially Jerusalem. But in all the references made to it by Moses, the name is never mentioned. This studied silence was maintained partly lest the Canaanites within whose territories it lay might have concentrated their forces to frustrate all hopes of obtaining it; partly lest the desire of possessing a place of such importance might have become a cause of strife or rivalry amongst the Hebrew tribes, as about the appointment to the priesthood
(Nu 16:1-30).
7
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繁體中文
7. 在那裡，耶和華你們神的面前，你們和你們的家屬都可以吃——
(申 12:6)
所提到的那些物；但當然不包括在耶和華面前分配給祭司的那些部分——即在設立聖所之處，以及百姓可自由出入居住的聖城的一些區域。
英語原文
7. there ye shall eat before the Lord--of the things mentioned
(De 12:6);
but of course, none of the parts assigned to the priests before the Lord--in the place where the sanctuary should be established, and in those parts of the Holy City which the people were at liberty to frequent and inhabit.
12
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繁體中文
12. 你們和兒女……都要在耶和華你們的神面前歡樂——由此可見，雖然只有男丁受命在每年的隆重節期上到神面前
(出 23:17)，
婦女卻可隨行
(撒上 1:3-23)。
英語原文
12. ye shall rejoice before the Lord your God, ye, and your sons, and your daughters, &c.--Hence it appears that, although males only were commanded to appear before God at the annual solemn feasts
(Ex 23:17),
the women were allowed to accompany them
(1Sa 1:3-23).
15
無題
繁體中文
15. 然而，你在各城裡都可以照耶和華你神所賜你的福分，隨心所欲宰牲吃肉——在曠野居住期間，凡指定為食物的牲畜——無論牛、山羊或綿羊——都要在會幕門前宰殺作為平安祭；其血要灑出，其脂油要在壇上由祭司焚燒。當時的營寨既圍繞祭壇四周，這項為防止拜偶像而設的做法便容易可行。但定居應許之地後，在會幕宰牲的義務便被豁免。百姓可以自由地在自己的城中或家中預備肉食。
照耶和華你神所賜你的福分——生活方式應與自己的境況和財力相稱——奢華放縱決不能換取神的賜福。
不潔淨的人和潔淨的人都可以吃——此處"不潔淨的人"是指那些有輕微不潔的人，這不潔雖不使他們被隔離於社會之外，卻使他們不能吃任何聖肉
(利 7:20)。
他們可以自由享用普通的食品。
羚羊——即瞪羚。
和鹿——敘利亞鹿（Cervus barbatus）介於我們的紅鹿和扁角鹿之間的一個品種，其特徵是角上從下數起沒有第二個叉，並有斑點外衣，要到第三或第四年才消失。
英語原文
15. Notwithstanding thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates--Every animal designed for food, whether ox, goat, or lamb, was during the abode in the wilderness ordered to be slain as a peace offering at the door of the tabernacle; its blood to be sprinkled, and its fat burnt upon the altar by the priest. The encampment, being then round about the altar, made this practice, appointed to prevent idolatry, easy and practicable. But on the settlement in the promised land, the obligation to slay at the tabernacle was dispensed with. The people were left at liberty to prepare their meat in their cities or homes.
according to the blessing of the Lord thy God which he hath given thee--The style of living should be accommodated to one's condition and means--profuse and riotous indulgence can never secure the divine blessing.
the unclean and the clean may eat thereof--The unclean here are those who were under some slight defilement, which, without excluding them from society, yet debarred them from eating any of the sacred meats
(Le 7:20).
They were at liberty freely to partake of common articles of food.
of the roebuck--the gazelle.
and as of the hart--The Syrian deer (Cervus barbatus) is a species between our red and fallow deer, distinguished by the want of a bis-antler, or second branch on the horns, reckoning from below, and for a spotted livery which is effaced only in the third or fourth year.
16
De 12:16-25.
繁體中文
申 12:16-25.
禁食血。
16. 不可吃血，要倒在地上，如同倒水一樣——禁食血或飲血，作為一項反常的習俗，伴隨著神將動物的肉賜給人為食物的宣佈
(創 9:4)，
摩西也針對律法的重大目標反覆重申這項禁令
(利 17:12)——
防止拜偶像，並將祭牲之血分別為聖歸於神。然而，至於為食物而宰之牲的血，則可以隨意流出，像水一樣當作平常之物倒在地上——只是為體面的緣故，也為防止一切拜偶像的可能，要用土掩蓋
(利 17:13)，
與異邦獵人把血暴露在外作為獵神的祭物這一做法相對。
英語原文
De 12:16-25.
BLOOD PROHIBITED.
16. ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water--The prohibition against eating or drinking blood as an unnatural custom accompanied the announcement of the divine grant of animal flesh for food
(Ge 9:4),
and the prohibition was repeatedly renewed by Moses with reference to the great objects of the law
(Le 17:12),
the prevention of idolatry, and the consecration of the sacrificial blood to God. In regard, however, to the blood of animals slain for food, it might be shed without ceremony and poured on the ground as a common thing like water--only for the sake of decency, as well as for preventing all risk of idolatry, it was to be covered over with earth
(Le 17:13),
in opposition to the practice of heathen sportsmen, who left it exposed as an offering to the god of the chase.
22
無題
繁體中文
22-28. 你吃羚羊與鹿一般，你也要這樣吃等——在曠野所得的獵物，從前並不要求帶到會幕門前。如今百姓宰殺家畜可以像宰殺野獸一樣自由。獵捕和使用鹿肉的許可，對以色列人無疑是一項極大的福分；不僅在曠野，即使在定居迦南之後也是如此，因為黎巴嫩、迦密和基列等山嶽地帶鹿群眾多，這樣便為他們提供了豐盛而鮮美的食物。
英語原文
22-28. Even as the roebuck and the hart is eaten, so shalt thou eat them, &c.--Game when procured in the wilderness had not been required to be brought to the door of the tabernacle. The people were now to be as free in the killing of domestic cattle as of wild animals. The permission to hunt and use venison for food was doubtless a great boon to the Israelites, not only in the wilderness, but on their settlement in Canaan, as the mountainous ranges of Lebanon, Carmel, and Gilead, on which deer abounded in vast numbers, would thus furnish them with a plentiful and luxuriant repast.
26
De 12:26-32.
繁體中文
申 12:26-32.
聖物當在聖處吃。
26. 惟有你所有的聖物——此處
(申 12:17)
所提的十分之一，不當視為屬於利未人的普通十分之一——以色列人對那有權同吃；而是百姓帶到聖所作為平安祭獻上的其他特別十分之一或禮物，獻上並將當得的份歸給祭司之後，他們便與家人親友一同設宴
(利 27:30)。
英語原文
De 12:26-32.
HOLY THINGS TO BE EATEN IN THE HOLY PLACE.
26. Only thy holy things which thou hast--The tithes mentioned
(De 12:17)
are not to be considered ordinary tithes, which belonged to the Levites, and of which private Israelites had a right to eat; but they are other extraordinary tithes or gifts, which the people carried to the sanctuary to be presented as peace offerings, and on which, after being offered and the allotted portion given to the priest, they feasted with their families and friends
(Le 27:30).
29
無題
繁體中文
29, 30. 你要謹慎，免得被引誘隨從他們……說，這些國民事奉他們的神，是怎樣的呢？——以色列人受迷信的恐懼所影響，屢屢試圖安撫迦南的諸神。他們在埃及所受的教育，早早灌輸了那種怪物般的觀念——以為有一套地方神明，凡來到其所保護之地居住的人，都要向他們繳納應得的貢物，並且嚴厲報應一切新來者之疏於納貢〔WARBURTON〕。考慮到他們當中這種觀念的普遍，我們便明白本章結尾那有益的告誡，正是針對埃及的影響而發出全部的力量。
英語原文
29, 30. Take heed to thyself that thou be not snared by following them . . . saying, How did these nations serve their gods?--The Israelites, influenced by superstitious fear, too often endeavored to propitiate the deities of Canaan. Their Egyptian education had early impressed that bugbear notion of a set of local deities, who expected their dues of all who came to inhabit the country which they honored with their protection, and severely resented the neglect of payment in all newcomers [WARBURTON]. Taking into consideration the prevalence of this idea among them, we see that against an Egyptian influence was directed the full force of the wholesome caution with which this chapter closes.
申 12:1-15.
偶像崇拜的記念物當被毀除。
1. 你們存活於世的日子，當遵守的律例典章——前一章既已教導以色列人敬畏和愛神的一般義務，摩西在此進而詳述他們取得應許之地後當行的一些特別本分。