1
Ex 2:1-10.
简体中文
英語原文
Ex 2:1-10.
BIRTH AND PRESERVATION OF MOSES.
1. there went a man of the house of Levi, &c. Amram was the husband and Jochebed the wife (compare
Ex 6:2; Nu 26:59).
The marriage took place, and two children, Miriam and Aaron, were born some years before the infanticidal edict.
2
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简体中文
2. 女人……生了一个儿子,等等——他容貌非凡的俊美,使他的父母预感他将来的伟大。古人将美貌视为神恩的标记。
藏了他三个月——父母是一对敬虔的夫妇,他们所采取的措施不仅出于父母的慈爱,更是出于坚定的信心,相信神的祝福必使拯救这婴儿的努力得以成功。
英語原文
2. the woman . . . bare a son, &c.--Some extraordinary appearance of remarkable comeliness led his parents to augur his future greatness. Beauty was regarded by the ancients as a mark of the divine favor.
hid him three months--The parents were a pious couple, and the measures they took were prompted not only by parental attachment, but by a strong faith in the blessing of God prospering their endeavors to save the infant.
3
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简体中文
3. 取了一个蒲草箱——蒲草,一种粗壮坚轫的芦苇。
石漆——尼罗河的泥浆,干后十分黏固。
石油——矿物焦油。这类小船每日可见浮于河面上,除尼罗河泥外别无其他填缝材料(比较
赛 18:2),
除非涂层被风暴刮脱,否则完全滴水不漏。
芦荻——海草或河草的通称。这箱子并非如通常所描绘的那样被放在水面上,而是搁在岸边,自然看来像是被水流漂来、被茂密的芦丛挡住。据传说,这地点就是旧开罗附近的罗达岛(Rodah)。
英語原文
3. she took for him an ark of bulrushes--papyrus, a thick, strong, and tough reed.
slime--the mud of the Nile, which, when hardened, is very tenacious.
pitch--mineral tar. Boats of this description are seen daily floating on the surface of the river, with no other caulking than Nile mud (compare
Isa 18:2),
and they are perfectly watertight, unless the coating is forced off by stormy weather.
flags--a general term for sea or river weed. The chest was not, as is often represented, committed to the bosom of the water but laid on the bank, where it would naturally appear to have been drifted by the current and arrested by the reedy thicket. The spot is traditionally said to be the Isle of Rodah, near Old Cairo.
4
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简体中文
4. 他的姐姐——米利暗当时大概是一个十至十二岁的女孩。
英語原文
4. his sister--Miriam would probably be a girl of ten or twelve years of age at the time.
5
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简体中文
5. 法老的女儿来到河边洗澡——据说这场合是一种宗教的庆典,由王室成员在圣河中沐浴而揭开序幕。尼罗河靠近庙宇的某些河段被视为特别神圣。那里的水域有围栏防备鳄鱼;公主无疑有一处专供她使用的围场,通往该处的道路似乎约基别早已熟悉。
行走——即列队或鱼贯而行。
使女——她贴身的侍女。此词与译作「众使女」的词不同。
英語原文
5. the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river--The occasion is thought to have been a religious solemnity which the royal family opened by bathing in the sacred stream. Peculiar sacredness was attached to those portions of the Nile which flowed near the temples. The water was there fenced off as a protection from the crocodiles; and doubtless the princess had an enclosure reserved for her own use, the road to which seems to have been well known to Jochebed.
walked along--in procession or in file.
she sent her maid--her immediate attendant. The term is different from that rendered "maidens."
6
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简体中文
6-9. 他一打开,看见那孩子——这段叙述如画。任何传奇故事都不曾描绘过比这更巧妙安排、更引人入胜的情节。那箱子的权宜之计,石漆和石油,时间地点的选择,对女性慈母之心的触动,姐姐作为守望者监视全程,适时地建议请一位奶妈,以及母亲本人被雇佣——这一切都表明父母有超乎寻常的智巧,以及极大的关切。但这计策的起因很可能出于神的提示,正如它的成功归功于掌管一切的护理——祂不但保全了孩子的性命,更为他在主的教导和警戒之下受训练作了安排。因此,经上说这事是因信而行的
(来 11:23),
或是对拯救之应许的信心,或是对暗兰和约基别所作的特别启示——如此看来,这对敬虔的夫妇树立了一个美好的榜样:既坚定地倚靠神的话,又积极地运用最合适的手段。
英語原文
6-9. when she had opened it, she saw the child--The narrative is picturesque. No tale of romance ever described a plot more skilfully laid or more full of interest in the development. The expedient of the ark, the slime and pitch, the choice of the time and place, the appeal to the sensibilities of the female breast, the stationing of the sister as a watch of the proceedings, her timely suggestion of a nurse, and the engagement of the mother herself--all bespeak a more than ordinary measure of ingenuity as well as intense solicitude on the part of the parents. But the origin of the scheme was most probably owing to a divine suggestion, as its success was due to an overruling Providence, who not only preserved the child's life, but provided for his being trained in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. Hence it is said to have been done by faith
(Heb 11:23),
either in the general promise of deliverance, or some special revelation made to Amram and Jochebed--and in this view, the pious couple gave a beautiful example of a firm reliance on the word of God, united with an active use of the most suitable means.
10
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简体中文
10. 她把孩子带到法老的女儿那里——约基别第二次与他分离,虽与第一次一样痛苦,但她既相信他将来作为以色列拯救者的高贵使命,无疑便因此而顺服。他被带进宫时的年纪没有说明;但他已到了足以在真宗教原则上受良好教导的年纪;那些早期的印象,因神恩典的能力而加深,从未被遗忘或抹灭。
她给他起名叫摩西——是收养为儿子;他的高贵地位为他在教育上提供了优势,在神的护理中,这些优势被用于与王室恩主所意图截然不同的目的。
她给他起名叫摩西——他的父母或如常在他行割礼时为他起了名字,据传说名叫约雅金(Joachim)。但公主所选的名,无论是埃及还是希伯来来源,是他唯一为教会所知的名字;这也是他出生与婴孩时期痛苦遭遇的永久记念。
英語原文
10. she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter--Though it must have been nearly as severe a trial for Jochebed to part with him the second time as the first, she was doubtless reconciled to it by her belief in his high destination as the future deliverer of Israel. His age when removed to the palace is not stated; but he was old enough to be well instructed in the principles of the true religion; and those early impressions, deepened by the power of divine grace, were never forgotten or effaced.
he became her son--by adoption, and his high rank afforded him advantages in education, which in the Providence of God were made subservient to far different purposes from what his royal patroness intended.
she called his name Moses--His parents might, as usual, at the time of his circumcision, have given him a name, which is traditionally said to have been Joachim. But the name chosen by the princess, whether of Egyptian or Hebrew origin, is the only one by which he has ever been known to the church; and it is a permanent memorial of the painful incidents of his birth and infancy.
11
Ex 2:11-25.
简体中文
出埃及记 2:11-25.
他对 希伯来人的 同情
11. 那时,摩西长大——不仅年龄和身量增长,也在权势以及才干与军事武勇的声望上增长
(徒 7:22)。
此处圣史有一段空缺,然而保罗那受感的注释已加以补充,他详细说明了摩西属世光景转变的原因与程度;无论是如某些人所说,他那王室的养母有意立他为共治者与王位继承人,还是另有其他情况促使他表明心意,他都决意弃绝宫廷,与受苦之神的百姓认同
(来 11:24-29)。
像戴克里先(Diocletian)和查理五世(Charles V)这样伟大君王从宝座退隐为平民,与摩西凭信心之力所作的牺牲相比,实在算不得什么。
他出去到他弟兄那里——为要对他们散居全国各地各处的光景作一次全面而有系统的视察
(徒 7:23),
他之所以采取此举,正是出于那因神运行而生的信心当时正在他心中形成的爱国心志。
见一个埃及人打希伯来人——一个督工的正在无故鞭打一个希伯来奴隶
(徒 7:24),
而且手段如此残酷,以致那人似乎在这野蛮对待下丧命——因为圣言的叙述暗示了这致命的结局。这情景对他而言既新奇又陌生,他虽以温柔著称
(民 12:3),
却被义愤所激动。
英語原文
Ex 2:11-25.
HIS SYMPATHY WITH THE HEBREWS.
11. in those days, when Moses was grown--not in age and stature only, but in power as well as in renown for accomplishments and military prowess
(Ac 7:22).
There is a gap here in the sacred history which, however, is supplied by the inspired commentary of Paul, who has fully detailed the reasons as well as extent of the change that took place in his worldly condition; and whether, as some say, his royal mother had proposed to make him coregent and successor to the crown, or some other circumstances, led to a declaration of his mind, he determined to renounce the palace and identify himself with the suffering people of God
(Heb 11:24-29).
The descent of some great sovereigns, like Diocletian and Charles V, from a throne into private life, is nothing to the sacrifice which Moses made through the power of faith.
he went out unto his brethren--to make a full and systematic inspection of their condition in the various parts of the country where they were dispersed
(Ac 7:23),
and he adopted this proceeding in pursuance of the patriotic purpose that the faith, which is of the operation of God, was even then forming in his heart.
he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew--one of the taskmasters scourging a Hebrew slave without any just cause
(Ac 7:24),
and in so cruel a manner, that he seems to have died under the barbarous treatment--for the conditions of the sacred story imply such a fatal issue. The sight was new and strange to him, and though pre-eminent for meekness
(Nu 12:3),
he was fired with indignation.
12
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简体中文
12. 他把埃及人打死了,藏在沙土里——摩西此举看来似乎——也确被一些人谴责为——轻率且不可取,坦白说,是一桩暗杀的行为。但我们不可按我们基督教国家的法律标准和是非观念,来判断他在那国家、那时代的举动;况且,《圣经》并未将其视为罪行,也未说它使行的人良心不安,而且按照游牧部族现存的习俗,他有义务为弟兄的血报仇。然而他所杀的是政府官员,他便因此落在埃及律法之下,所以他设法掩盖尸体,以躲避后果。
英語原文
12. he slew the Egyptian, and hid him in the sand--This act of Moses may seem and indeed by some has been condemned as rash and unjustifiable--in plain terms, a deed of assassination. But we must not judge of his action in such a country and age by the standard of law and the notions of right which prevail in our Christian land; and, besides, not only is it not spoken of as a crime in Scripture or as distressing the perpetrator with remorse, but according to existing customs among nomadic tribes, he was bound to avenge the blood of a brother. The person he slew, however, being a government officer, he had rendered himself amenable to the laws of Egypt, and therefore he endeavored to screen himself from the consequences by concealment of the corpse.
13
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简体中文
13、14. 两个希伯来人打架——他在这争端中以善意居中调停,虽以最仁慈最温和的方式进行,却遭怨恨;那挑衅者的讥讽表明摩西前一日的行为已众所周知,他便决定立即逃亡以求安全
(来 11:27)。
这两件事证明,以色列人那时还没有准备好出埃及,摩西也还没有准备好作他们的领袖
(雅 1:20)。
神要成就那伟大的拯救之工,是借着杖而不是刀剑——借着摩西的温柔,而不是他的忿怒。他和以色列人还要再被投入苦难的炉中四十年,然而正是在其中祂拣选了他们
(赛 48:10)。
英語原文
13, 14. two men of the Hebrews strove together--His benevolent mediation in this strife, though made in the kindest and mildest manner, was resented, and the taunt of the aggressor showing that Moses' conduct on the preceding day had become generally known, he determined to consult his safety by immediate flight
(Heb 11:27).
These two incidents prove that neither were the Israelites yet ready to go out of Egypt, nor Moses prepared to be their leader
(Jas 1:20).
It was by the staff and not the sword--by the meekness, and not the wrath of Moses that God was to accomplish that great work of deliverance. Both he and the people of Israel were for forty years more to be cast into the furnace of affliction, yet it was therein that He had chosen them
(Isa 48:10).
15
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简体中文
15. 摩西躲避法老——他的逃亡发生在图特摩斯一世(Thothmes I)第二年。
住在米甸地——位于红海亚喀巴湾东岸,为古实之子米甸的后裔所居。其领土北至海湾顶端,西越西奈旷野甚远。因地处海边,他们早将贸易与畜牧相结合
(创 37:28)。
据推测,叶忒罗的总部就在今日达哈布·米甸(Dahab-Madian)的所在;摩西既直接到了那地方,可能是随商队旅行而来。但据传说,另有一处在摩西山以东的舒韦布谷(Wady Shuweib),即叶忒罗谷。
坐在井旁——(参见
创 29:3)。
英語原文
15. Moses fled from the face of Pharaoh--His flight took place in the second year of Thothmes I.
dwelt in the land of Midian--situated on the eastern shore of the gulf of the Red Sea and occupied by the posterity of Midian the son of Cush. The territory extended northward to the top of the gulf and westward far across the desert of Sinai. And from their position near the sea, they early combined trading with pastoral pursuits
(Ge 37:28).
The headquarters of Jethro are supposed to have been where Dahab-Madian now stands; and from Moses coming direct to that place, he may have travelled with a caravan of merchants. But another place is fixed by tradition in Wady Shuweib, or Jethro's valley, on the east of the mountain of Moses.
sat down by a well--(See on
Ge 29:3).
16
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简体中文
16-22. 米甸的祭司——或作「米甸的王子」。这两种职分通常合一,他也是称为古实人或埃塞俄比亚人之民的统治者;像那早期许多牧人部族的首领一样,他仍持守对真神的信仰和敬拜。
七个女儿——都是牧羊女;摩西因在井旁保护她们免受邻近部族粗野牧人的欺凌,以这礼貌勇敢之举得到了她们的好感。后来他与这家人结下亲密而持久的联盟,娶了其中一个女儿西坡拉(Zipporah,意即「小鸟」),她被称为古实人或埃塞俄比亚人
(民 12:1),
摩西无疑是像雅各那样借着服役而得的[见
出 3:1]。
他与她生了两个儿子,按惯例,他们的名字记念了家庭历史中的事件
[出 18:3, 4]。
英語原文
16-22. the priest of Midian--or, "prince of Midian." As the officers were usually conjoined, he was the ruler also of the people called Cushites or Ethiopians, and like many other chiefs of pastoral people in that early age, he still retained the faith and worship of the true God.
seven daughters--were shepherdesses to whom Moses was favorably introduced by an act of courtesy and courage in protecting them from the rude shepherds of some neighboring tribe at a well. He afterwards formed a close and permanent alliance with this family by marrying one of the daughters, Zipporah, "a little bird," called a Cushite or Ethiopian
(Nu 12:1),
and whom Moses doubtless obtained in the manner of Jacob by service [see
Ex 3:1].
He had by her two sons, whose names were, according to common practice, commemorative of incidents in the family history
[Ex 18:3, 4].
23
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简体中文
23. 埃及王死了;以色列人因作奴仆,就叹息哀求——这话似乎暗示,以色列人曾一度得到部分缓解,可能是借着摩西那位王室恩主的影响力;但在她父亲继任者的朝代,逼迫又重新开始,且更为严酷。
英語原文
23. the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage--The language seems to imply that the Israelites had experienced a partial relaxation, probably through the influence of Moses' royal patroness; but in the reign of her father's successor the persecution was renewed with increased severity.
出埃及记 2:1-10.
摩西的 出生与 保全
1. 有一个利未家的人,等等。暗兰是丈夫,约基别是妻子(比较
出 6:2; 民 26:59)。
这桩婚事在杀婴命令颁布之前数年已经缔结,并已生了米利暗和亚伦两个孩子。