1
Ex 8:1-15.
英語原文
Ex 8:1-15.
PLAGUE OF FROGS.
1. the Lord spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh--The duration of the first plague for a whole week must have satisfied all that it was produced not by any accidental causes, but by the agency of omnipotent power. As a judgment of God, however, it produced no good effect, and Moses was commanded to wait on the king and threaten him, in the event of his continued obstinacy, with the infliction of a new and different plague. As Pharaoh's answer is not given, it may be inferred to have been unfavorable, for the rod was again raised.
2
無題
2. 我必以青蛙蹧躪你的四境——那些動物雖是河中自然所生、因此是百姓所熟悉的對象，在這次卻奇蹟般地大量繁殖到驚人的程度；很可能原先已產在泥濘沼澤中的蛙卵，這次被奇蹟地一次全部孵化成熟。
英語原文
2. I will smite all thy borders with frogs--Those animals, though the natural spawn of the river, and therefore objects familiar to the people, were on this occasion miraculously multiplied to an amazing extent, and it is probable that the ova of the frogs, which had been previously deposited in the mire and marshes, were miraculously brought to perfection at once.
3
無題
3. 臥房……床——鋪在地上的蓆子，以及富戶更為華美的軟榻。
摶麵盆——在地上挖出、內壁以灰泥塗抹的穴。
摶麵盆——埃及所用的是柳條或燈心草編織的碗。當百姓找不到辦法躲避青蛙那冰冷潮濕的觸感和不堪入目的存在、任牠們落在每一件食物和器皿上時，其處境必是何等的光景！
英語原文
3. bedchamber . . . bed--mats strewed on the floor as well as more sumptuous divans of the rich.
ovens--holes made in the ground and the sides of which are plastered with mortar.
kneading-troughs--Those used in Egypt were bowls of wicker or rush work. What must have been the state of the people when they could find no means of escape from the cold, damp touch and unsightly presence of the frogs, as they alighted on every article and vessel of food!
5
無題
5, 6. 你要伸出你的杖，用杖打在江裏等語。神蹟在於那些爬蟲恰在他命令之時離開其沼澤。
英語原文
5, 6. Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams, &c. The miracle consisted in the reptiles leaving their marshes at the very time he commanded them.
7
無題
7. 術士也用邪術照樣而行——要使那些令人作嘔的爬蟲出現在任何一小塊地上，並不需要多大的技藝。他們所要做的事，周圍已大量存在。他們若能叫青蛙離去，才更能顯出其本事。
英語原文
7. the magicians did so with their enchantments--required no great art to make the offensive reptiles appear on any small spot of ground. What they undertook to do already existed in abundance all around. They would better have shown their power by removing the frogs.
8
無題
8-15. 法老召了摩西、亞倫來……請求耶和華使青蛙離開我和我的民——青蛙如今被用作刑罰的工具，無論是出於敬畏或厭惡，都是埃及人全國迷信的對象——神明 Ptah 被描繪為蛙頭。但其數量之大加上其臭氣，使之成為無法忍受的禍患，以致王被貶抑到如此地步，應許說：摩西若代求使青蛙離去，他便允准以色列人離去；因這懇求，青蛙就在王自己指定的時辰被撤去。但許多人在承受其罪惡後果之時，作出改良與順服的承諾，事後卻忘記了；法老見有了喘息，便又剛硬了心
〔出 8:15〕。
英語原文
8-15. Pharaoh called, . . . Intreat the Lord, that he may take away the frogs from me--The frog, which was now used as an instrument of affliction, whether from reverence or abhorrence, was an object of national superstition with the Egyptians, the god Ptha being represented with a frog's head. But the vast numbers, together with their stench, made them an intolerable nuisance so that the king was so far humbled as to promise that, if Moses would intercede for their removal, he would consent to the departure of Israel, and in compliance with this appeal, they were withdrawn at the very hour named by the monarch himself. But many, while suffering the consequences of their sins, make promises of amendment and obedience which they afterwards forget; and so Pharaoh, when he saw there was a respite, was again hardened
[Ex 8:15].
16
Ex 8:16-19.
Ex 8:16-19.
虱災。
16. 你要擊打地上的塵土等語——亞倫的杖奉摩西的指示——摩西受上帝命令——再次舉起，遍地便滿了蚊子——這是原詞的正確含義。在通常情況下，牠們使東方國家的生活苦不堪言；因此當沒有任何預防能保護人免受其痛苦叮咬時，這次可怕的災難可由想像而知。這些兇猛昆蟲之極其微小與無足輕重，使牠們成為一種可怕的災禍。巫師們無法仿效；無論是河中的血還是青蛙的騷擾都未能作到的，這微小敵人的侵襲卻迫使他們承認「這是上帝的手段」——直譯「眾神」，因為他們以異教徒的口吻說話。
英語原文
Ex 8:16-19.
PLAGUE OF LICE.
16. smite the dust of the land, &c.--Aaron's rod, by the direction of Moses, who was commanded by God, was again raised, and the land was filled with gnats, mosquitoes--that is the proper meaning of the original term. In ordinary circumstances they embitter life in Eastern countries, and therefore the terrible nature of this infliction on Egypt may be imagined when no precautions could preserve from their painful sting. The very smallness and insignificance of these fierce insects made them a dreadful scourge. The magicians never attempted any imitation, and what neither the blood of the river nor the nuisance of the frogs had done, the visitation of this tiny enemy constrained them to acknowledge "this is the finger of God"--properly "gods," for they spoke as heathens.
20
Ex 8:20-32.
Ex 8:20-32.
蠅災。
20-24. 你清早起來……法老，他出來到水邊等語——法老仍顯頑梗，摩西奉命在他行於尼羅河岸時去見他，重申釋放以色列人的要求，並威脅若仍拒絕，必使從王宮到茅舍的每一房屋都布滿蒼蠅群——同時作為成就這審判之能力的明證，歌珊地將被免除這災。這懇求如前一般徒然，所預言的災禍便以不是我們所習見的「蒼蠅」、而是各種不同的蠅類
（詩 78:45）
——牛蠅、蟑螂、埃及甲蟲——襲捲全國（這些都被不同的作者提及）。牠們極具破壞性，有些對動物造成嚴重的叮咬，有些毀壞衣物、書籍、植物、一切。對蒼蠅——尤其是甲蟲——的敬拜，是古埃及宗教的重要部分。以這些有翅的神明來懲罰他們，對埃及人必是痛苦而羞辱的，同時也必堅固了以色列人對其列祖之上帝——惟一值得敬拜的對象——的信心。
英語原文
Ex 8:20-32.
PLAGUE OF FLIES.
20-24. Rise up early . . . Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water, &c.--Pharaoh still appearing obdurate, Moses was ordered to meet him while walking on the banks of the Nile and repeat his request for the liberation of Israel, threatening in case of continued refusal to cover every house from the palace to the cottage with swarms of flies--while, as a proof of the power that accomplished this judgment, the land of Goshen should be exempted from the calamity. The appeal was equally vain as before, and the predicted evil overtook the country in the form of what was not "flies," such as we are accustomed to, but divers sorts of flies
(Ps 78:45),
the gad fly, the cockroach, the Egyptian beetle, for all these are mentioned by different writers. They are very destructive, some of them inflicting severe bites on animals, others destroying clothes, books, plants, every thing. The worship of flies, particularly of the beetle, was a prominent part of the religion of the ancient Egyptians. The employment of these winged deities to chastise them must have been painful and humiliating to the Egyptians while it must at the same time have strengthened the faith of the Israelites in the God of their fathers as the only object of worship.
25
無題
25-32. 法老召了摩西來……你們去在這地祭祀你們的上帝罷等語——法老既急於擺脫這場災殃，又不願放棄希伯來奴隸，便採取權宜之計；他提議讓他們在全國任何地方自由舉行宗教儀式。然而摩西謹守所受的指示，斷不接受這樣的安排；他舉出一個極為充分的理由，說明此事的危險。王既已讓步，允准他們短暫出境到邊界以外，又附帶請求摩西懇求耶和華使災殃止息。摩西答應如此行，第二天災殃果然消除。但危機一過，法老的心便如彎弓回彈，故態復萌，全然不顧自己的諾言，拒絕讓百姓離去。
英語原文
25-32. Pharaoh called for Moses, . . . Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land, &c.--Between impatient anxiety to be freed from this scourge and a reluctance on the part of the Hebrew bondsmen, the king followed the course of expediency; he proposed to let them free to engage in their religious rites within any part of the kingdom. But true to his instructions, Moses would accede to no such arrangement; he stated a most valid reason to show the danger of it, and the king having yielded so far as to allow them a brief holiday across the border, annexed to this concession a request that Moses would entreat with Jehovah for the removal of the plague. He promised to do so, and it was removed the following day. But no sooner was the pressure over than the spirit of Pharaoh, like a bent bow, sprang back to its wonted obduracy, and, regardless of his promise, he refused to let the people depart.
Ex 8:1-15.
蛙災。
1. 耶和華對摩西說：你進去見法老——第一災延續了整整一週，必已使眾人確信它並非出於偶然的原因，而是出於全能者的作為。然而作為上帝的審判，它並未產生任何良好的效果，於是摩西受命去見王，並警告他：若仍舊頑梗，必有新的、不同的災禍臨到。法老的答覆既然沒有記下，可以推斷是不利的，因為杖又再次舉起。