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Eze 29:1-21.
简体中文
英語原文
Eze 29:1-21.
THE JUDGMENT ON EGYPT BY NEBUCHADNEZZAR; THOUGH ABOUT TO BE RESTORED AFTER FORTY YEARS, IT WAS STILL TO BE IN A STATE OF DEGRADATION.
This is the last of the world kingdoms against which Ezekiel's prophecies are directed, and occupies the largest space in them, namely, the next four chapters. Though farther off than Tyre, it exercised a more powerful influence on Israel.
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简体中文
2. 法老——埃及诸王通用的名号，意为“太阳”；或如另一些人所说，意为“鳄鱼”，这鳄鱼在埃及部分地区受敬拜（参较
Eze 29:3)。
此时在位的是合弗拉（Hophra），即亚比里士（Apries）。他的统治起初颇为顺遂。他攻取了迦萨
(Jer 47:1)
和西顿，并征服了腓尼基和巴勒斯坦，收回了埃及在尼布甲尼撒于迦基米施得胜时
(2Ki 24:7; Jer 46:2)、
即约雅敬第四年所失的大部分土地[WILKINSON，《古埃及》Ancient Egypt, 1.169]。因这二十五年的成功，他自觉稳如泰山，甚至说连神也不能夺去他的国[HERODOTUS, 2.169]。因此，
Eze 29:3
对他的描述十分贴切。单凭人的聪明，无法使以西结在埃及鼎盛之时预见其倾覆。这些预言分为四段；第一段在以西结被掳第十年；最后一段在第十二年。第一段和第二段之间，插有一段日期晚得多的预言，直到第二十七年才赐下
(Eze 29:17; 30:19)，
但因主题相宜而置于该处。法老合弗拉（即亚比里士）被废并被绞死，由尼布甲尼撒改立雅哈斯（Amasis）为王（参较
Jer 44:30)。
埃及祭司出于民族虚荣，未向希罗多德（HERODOTUS）提及埃及因尼布甲尼撒而丧失叙利亚领土一事——约瑟夫（JOSEPHUS）告诉我们此事——却把从亚比里士到雅哈斯的更替完全归因于埃及军队。两位竞争者之间的内战无疑持续了数年，给了尼布甲尼撒干涉之机，并使篡位者雅哈斯得以被立为王，条件是他向巴比伦进贡[WILKINSON]。参较
Jer 43:10-12，
并见
Jer 43:13
的讲解，该处对尼布甲尼撒干涉的缘由另有见解。
英語原文
2. Pharaoh--a common name of all the kings of Egypt, meaning "the sun"; or, as others say, a "crocodile," which was worshipped in parts of Egypt (compare
Eze 29:3).
Hophra or Apries was on the throne at this time. His reign began prosperously. He took Gaza
(Jer 47:1)
and Zidon and made himself master of Phœnicia and Palestine, recovering much that was lost to Egypt by the victory of Nebuchadnezzar at Carchemish
(2Ki 24:7; Jer 46:2),
in the fourth year of Jehoiakim [WILKINSON, Ancient Egypt, 1.169]. So proudly secure because of his successes for twenty-five years did he feel, that he said not even a god could deprive him of his kingdom [HERODOTUS, 2.169]. Hence the appropriateness of the description of him in
Eze 29:3.
No mere human sagacity could have enabled Ezekiel to foresee Egypt's downfall in the height of its prosperity. There are four divisions of these prophecies; the first in the tenth year of Ezekiel's captivity; the last in the twelfth. Between the first and second comes one of much later date, not having been given till the twenty-seventh year
(Eze 29:17; 30:19),
but placed there as appropriate to the subject matter. Pharaoh-hophra, or Apries, was dethroned and strangled, and Amasis substituted as king, by Nebuchadnezzar (compare
Jer 44:30).
The Egyptian priests, from national vanity, made no mention to HERODOTUS of the Egyptian loss of territory in Syria through Nebuchadnezzar, of which JOSEPHUS tells us, but attributed the change in the succession from Apries to Amasis solely to the Egyptian soldiery. The civil war between the two rivals no doubt lasted several years, affording an opportunity to Nebuchadnezzar of interfering and of elevating the usurper Amasis, on condition of his becoming tributary to Babylon [WILKINSON]. Compare
Jer 43:10-12,
and see on
Jer 43:13,
for another view of the grounds of interference of Nebuchadnezzar.
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简体中文
3. 大鱼——希伯来文 tanim，指任何大型水生动物，此处指鳄鱼，它在罗马钱币上是埃及的徽记。
躺卧——骄傲安稳地歇息。
她的江河——尼罗河的各入海口、支流和运河，埃及的肥沃全赖于此。
英語原文
3. dragon--Hebrew, tanim, any large aquatic animal, here the crocodile, which on Roman coins is the emblem of Egypt.
lieth--restest proudly secure.
his rivers--the mouths, branches, and canals of the Nile, to which Egypt owed its fertility.
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简体中文
4. 钩子钩住你的腮颊——
(Isa 37:29；
参较
Job 41:1, 2)。
雅哈斯（Amasis）就是那“钩子”。在亚述的雕塑中，俘虏被描绘为下唇穿着钩子，钩上有绳由王牵着。
使……鱼……贴住……鳞甲——法老自恃其权力，仿佛他是神
(Eze 29:3，
“我造了它”），想要代替神作圣约之民的护卫者；他的动机不是对他们的爱，而是与巴比伦的争竞。他解了耶路撒冷的围，但这只是暂时的（参较
Eze 29:6; Jer 37:5, 7-10)；
灾祸不仅追上了他们，也追上了他自己。正如鳄鱼——尼罗河之主——被捉时，贴在其角質鳞甲上的鱼也同遭厄运；照样，法老——埃及之主——被雅哈斯推翻时，他的附从者也将同遭厄运。
英語原文
4. hooks in thy jaws--
(Isa 37:29;
compare
Job 41:1, 2).
Amasis was the "hook." In the Assyrian sculptures prisoners are represented with a hook in the underlip, and a cord from it held by the king.
cause . . . fish . . . stick unto . . . scales--Pharaoh, presuming on his power as if he were God
(Eze 29:3,
"I have made it"), wished to stand in the stead of God as defender of the covenant-people, his motive being, not love to them, but rivalry with Babylon. He raised the siege of Jerusalem, but it was only for a time (compare
Eze 29:6; Jer 37:5, 7-10);
ruin overtook not only them, but himself. As the fish that clung to the horny scales of the crocodile, the lord of the Nile, when he was caught, shared his fate, so the adherents of Pharaoh, lord of Egypt, when he was overthrown by Amasis, should share his fate.
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简体中文
5. 旷野——你国度之外的被掳。这一说法或许暗示同类相报。正如埃及追赶以色列时说：“旷野把他们闭住了”
(Ex 14:3)，
照样她自己也要被带进旷野的状态。
田野——字面作“田野的面”。
不被收殓——正如鳄鱼被捉后不会归回河中，照样你溃败的军队在旷野中被击败之后，也没有余民能被收聚、重整阵势。法老曾率军进攻非洲的 Cyrene，支援被 Cyrenians 夺去王位的 Aricranes；那支军队全军覆没，埃及也背叛了他[JUNIUS]。但此处主要指被尼布甲尼撒击败。
野兽……飞鸟——敌对而凶残的人。
英語原文
5. wilderness--captivity beyond thy kingdom. The expression is used perhaps to imply retribution in kind. As Egypt pursued after Israel, saying, "The wilderness hath shut them in"
(Ex 14:3),
so she herself shall be brought into a wilderness state.
open fields--literally, "face of the field."
not be brought together--As the crocodile is not, when caught, restored to the river, so no remnant of thy routed army shall be brought together, and rallied, after its defeat in the wilderness. Pharaoh led an army against Cyrene in Africa, in support of Aricranes, who had been stripped of his kingdom by the Cyrenians. The army perished and Egypt rebelled against him [JUNIUS]. But the reference is mainly to the defeat by Nebuchadnezzar.
beasts . . . fowls--hostile and savage men.
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简体中文
6. 以色列……所倚靠的芦苇杖——暗指 Nile 河岸的芦苇，人若倚靠其上，便会折断（见
Eze 29:4；
Isa 36:6)。
以色列对 Egypt 的一切倚靠，结果非但无益，反受其害
(Isa 30:1-5)。
英語原文
6. staff of reed to . . . Israel--alluding to the reeds on the banks of the Nile, which broke if one leaned upon them (see on
Eze 29:4;
Isa 36:6).
All Israel's dependence on Egypt proved hurtful instead of beneficial
(Isa 30:1-5).
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简体中文
7. 手——即芦苇的把手。
闪……肩——当所倚靠之物失手时，肩或臂便落在尖刺上而受伤。
使……腰……站立不稳——即使之失能。MAURER 相近地（参较一同源 Arabic 形式）译作：“你击伤了他们的两腰。”FAIRBAIRN 较逊地译作：“你让他们一切腰都站立”，即任他们独自站立，失去他们指望从你得着的扶持。
英語原文
7. hand--or handle of the reed.
rend . . . shoulder--by the splinters on which the shoulder or arm would fall, on the support failing the hand.
madest . . . loins . . . at a stand--that is, made them to be disabled. MAURER somewhat similarly (referring to a kindred Arabic form), "Thou hast stricken both their loins." FAIRBAIRN, not so well, "Thou lettest all their loins stand," that is, by themselves, bereft of the support which they looked for from thee.
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简体中文
8. 刀剑——即 Nebuchadnezzar 的军队
(Eze 29:19)。
也包括 Amasis 与 Egypt 的叛党：Pharaoh-hophra 在 Cyrene 溃败之后，他们在 Memphis 一役击败他，将他废黜并绞死[JUNIUS]。
英語原文
8. a sword--Nebuchadnezzar's army
(Eze 29:19).
Also Amasis and the Egyptian revolters who after Pharaoh-hophra's discomfiture in Cyrene dethroned and strangled him, having defeated him in a battle fought at Memphis [JUNIUS].
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简体中文
9. 我是主——与这里重复引自
Eze 29:3
的亵渎夸口“这河是我的，是我所造的”形成对照。
英語原文
9. I am the Lord--in antithesis to the blasphemous boast repeated here from
Eze 29:3,
"The river is mine, and I have made it."
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简体中文
10. 从色弗尼塔（from the tower of Syene）——GROTIUS 译作“从 Migdol（Suez 以北 Pelusium 附近的一座堡垒）到 Syene（在最南端）”；即从 Egypt 的一端到另一端。如此“从 Migdol 到 Syene”，
Eze 30:6，
边注（Margin）。然而英文译本（English Version）正确地将 Syene 指为 Seveneh，即 Nile 东部三角洲的 Sebennytus，是下 Egypt 诸王的都城。Sebennyte 法老们借助 Canaanites（他们作为牧人或商人游走于 Suez 沙漠），将其疆界扩展到上 Egypt 法老们先前所限的三角洲以东狭省之外。战败的一方嗤笑地称 Sebennyte 或下 Egypt 人为外来者和牧人君王（牧人在 Egypt 是可憎的，
Ge 46:34)。
他们实际上是本地王朝。如此，在*英文译本（English Version）*中，最南端的“Ethiopia”与北方的 Sebennytus 或 Syene 正确地形成对比。
英語原文
10. from the tower of Syene--GROTIUS translates, "from Migdol (a fortress near Pelusium on the north of Suez) to Syene (in the farthest south)"; that is, from one end of Egypt to the other. So "from Migdol to Syene,"
Eze 30:6,
Margin. However, English Version rightly refers Syene to Seveneh, that is, Sebennytus, in the eastern delta of the Nile, the capital of the Lower Egyptian kings. The Sebennyte Pharaohs, with the help of the Canaanites, who, as shepherds or merchants, ranged the desert of Suez, extended their borders beyond the narrow province east of the delta, to which they had been confined by the Pharaohs of Upper Egypt. The defeated party, in derision, named the Sebennyte or Lower Egyptians foreigners and shepherd-kings (a shepherd being an abomination in Egypt,
Ge 46:34).
They were really a native dynasty. Thus, in English Version, "Ethiopia" in the extreme south is rightly contrasted with Sebennytus or Syene in the north.
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简体中文
11. 四十年——对应他们从前的奴仆 Israel 人在“旷野”飘流的四十年（比较注，见
Eze 29:5)。
JEROME 指出四十这数目常与苦难与审判相连。洪水的雨四十天便毁灭了世界。Moses、Elias 与救主都禁食四十天。Egypt 被 Nebuchadnezzar 倾覆至 Cyrus 拯救之间，约为四十年。主要所指是那理想上四十年旷野状态的社会与政治堕落，而非字面上人与兽四十年不过境（如
Eze 4:6; Isa 19:2, 11)。
英語原文
11. forty years--answering to the forty years in which the Israelites, their former bondsmen, wandered in "the wilderness" (compare Note, see on
Eze 29:5).
JEROME remarks the number forty is one often connected with affliction and judgment. The rains of the flood in forty days brought destruction on the world. Moses, Elias, and the Saviour fasted forty days. The interval between Egypt's overthrow by Nebuchadnezzar and the deliverance by Cyrus, was about forty years. The ideal forty years' wilderness state of social and political degradation, rather than a literal non-passing of man or beast for that term, is mainly intended (so
Eze 4:6; Isa 19:2, 11).
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简体中文
12. 正如 Israel 经过一段旷野的管教（比较
Eze 20:35，
等等），其本质特征日后还要重复，Egypt 也要如此[FAIRBAIRN]。有些 Egypt 人要被带到 Babylon，也有许多人因惧怕“散在”Arabia 与 Ethiopia；但主要是“分散”即其权势的消散，尽管百姓仍住在本地。
英語原文
12. As Israel passed through a term of wilderness discipline (compare
Eze 20:35,
&c.), which was in its essential features to be repeated again, so it was to be with Egypt [FAIRBAIRN]. Some Egyptians were to be carried to Babylon, also many "scattered" in Arabia and Ethiopia through fear; but mainly the "scattering" was to be the dissipation of their power, even though the people still remained in their own land.
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简体中文
13.
(Jer 46:26)。
英語原文
13.
(Jer 46:26).
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简体中文
14. 巴忒罗（Pathros）——即 Thebaid，或上 Egypt，曾特别受 Nebuchadnezzar 的骚扰
(Na 3:8, 10)。
就文明与艺术而言，是 Egypt 最古的部分。Thebaid 古时被称为“Egypt”[ARISTOTLE]。故此处称之为 Egypt 人的“出生”之地（边注 Margin，代“居住”）。
低微的国——在 Amasis 时它成为 Babylon 的附庸；在 Cambyses 时更受贬抑；虽在 Ptolemies 时略得抬举，却再未恢复古时的优越。
英語原文
14. Pathros--the Thebaid, or Upper Egypt, which had been especially harassed by Nebuchadnezzar
(Na 3:8, 10).
The oldest part of Egypt as to civilization and art. The Thebaid was anciently called "Egypt" [ARISTOTLE]. Therefore it is called the "land of the Egyptians' birth" (Margin, for "habitation").
base kingdom--Under Amasis it was made dependent on Babylon; humbled still more under Cambyses; and though somewhat raised under the Ptolemies, never has it regained its ancient pre-eminence.
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简体中文
16. 埃及（Egypt）复兴之后，其权势必如此受限制，以致不再如从前那样成为以色列倚靠的对象；例如，以色列从前倚靠它而失信于尼布甲尼撒（Nebuchadnezzar）
(Eze 17:13, 15, 16)。
当他们仰望他们的时候，就使他们追念自己的罪孽——更宜作“当他们（以色列人）仰望（或转向）他们的时候” [HENDERSON]。 以色列仰望埃及而不仰望神，这便使他们的罪（对圣约的不忠）被神记念。
英語原文
16. Egypt, when restored, shall be so circumscribed in power that it shall be no longer an object of confidence to Israel, as formerly; for example, as when, relying on it, Israel broke faith with Nebuchadnezzar
(Eze 17:13, 15, 16).
which bringeth their iniquity to remembrance, when they shall look after them--rather, "while they (the Israelites) look to (or, turn after) them" [HENDERSON]. Israel's looking to Egypt, rather than to God, causes their iniquity (unfaithfulness to the covenant) to be remembered by God.
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简体中文
17. 在关于列国的预言中，唯独此处偏离了年代顺序，为要使主题更为统一。
英語原文
17. The departure from the chronological order occurs here only, among the prophecies as to foreign nations, in order to secure greater unity of subject.
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简体中文
18. 头都……光秃，……肩都……磨破——因搬运泥土石块的筐子以筑攻城工事。
毫无酬劳……效力——即与他围攻推罗（Tyre）所耗费的时间与劳力不成比例。并非他真的攻城失败（耶柔米〔JEROME〕明确地根据亚述〔Assyrian〕史籍说尼布甲尼撒成功了）；而是因推罗的资源已大半耗尽，或用船运往她的殖民地，所剩无几，不足以补偿尼布甲尼撒十三年之久的围攻。
英語原文
18. every head . . . bald, . . . shoulder . . . peeled--with carrying baskets of earth and stones for the siege works.
no wages . . . for the service--that is, in proportion to it and the time and labor which he expended on the siege of Tyre. Not that he actually failed in the siege (JEROME expressly states, from Assyrian histories, that Nebuchadnezzar succeeded); but, so much of the Tyrian resources had been exhausted, or transported to her colonies in ships, that little was left to compensate Nebuchadnezzar for his thirteen year's siege.
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简体中文
19. 群众——非如 FAIRBAIRN 所言作“积蓄”；他必从埃及带走一大群众俘虏。尼布甲尼撒（Nebuchadnezzar）的成功，可由推罗从巴比伦（Babylon）接受一位王（可能是她在彼处的俘虏之一，麦尔巴〔Merbal〕）一事推知。
抢她的财物……掠物——直译作“抢夺她的抢夺物，掠取她的掠物”，即她如何抢夺列国，她也必照样成为巴比伦的掠物。
英語原文
19. multitude--not as FAIRBAIRN, "store"; but, he shall take away a multitude of captives out of Egypt. The success of Nebuchadnezzar is implied in Tyre's receiving a king from Babylon, probably one of her captives there, Merbal.
take her spoil . . . prey--literally, "spoil her spoil, prey her prey," that is, as she spoiled other nations, so shall she herself be a spoil to Babylon.
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简体中文
20. 因为他们为我工作——迦勒底人（Chaldeans）成全了我对推罗（Tyre）的旨意（比较
Jer 25:9)。
英語原文
20. because they wrought for me--the Chaldeans, fulfilling My will as to Tyre (compare
Jer 25:9).
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简体中文
21. 埃及（Egypt）与以色列的平行，只在祸患上，不在福祉上。埃及的倾覆正是以色列兴起的信号，因神与后者立了约。
我使……以色列发生角——
(Ps 132:17)。
我必使其古时的荣耀复兴：这是以色列在大卫（David）之子弥赛亚之下得着完全荣耀的预尝
(Lu 1:69)。 即使在被掳的巴比伦（Babylon），这事的预尝也借着但以理（Daniel）
(Da 6:2)
和耶哥尼雅（Jeconiah）
(Jer 52:31)
而赐下。
我必给你……开口——当你的预言应验之后，从此你的话必更被人留意（比较
Eze 24:27)。
英語原文
21. In the evil only, not in the good, was Egypt to be parallel to Israel. The very downfall of Egypt will be the signal for the rise of Israel, because of God's covenant with the latter.
I cause the horn of . . . Israel to bud--
(Ps 132:17).
I will cause its ancient glory to revive: an earnest of Israel's full glory under Messiah, the son of David
(Lu 1:69).
Even in Babylon an earnest was given of this in Daniel
(Da 6:2)
and Jeconiah
(Jer 52:31).
I will give thee . . . opening of . . . mouth--When thy predictions shall have come to pass, thy words henceforth shall be more heeded (compare
Eze 24:27).
Eze 29:1-21。
借尼布甲尼撒临到埃及的审判；埃及虽将在四十年后得以复兴，却仍要处于降卑的状态。
这是以西结预言所针对的最后一个世界帝国，所占篇幅也最大，即接下来的四章。埃及虽比推罗更远，却对以色列发挥了更强的影响力。