1
Eze 34:1-31.
简体中文
英語原文
Eze 34:1-31.
REPROOF OF THE FALSE SHEPHERDS; PROMISE OF THE TRUE AND GOOD SHEPHERD.
Having in the thirty-third chapter laid down repentance as the necessary preliminary to happier times for the people, He now promises the removal of the false shepherds as preparatory to the raising up of the Good Shepherd.
2
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简体中文
2.
Jer 23:1
和 Zec 11:17
同样以除掉假牧人，作为好牧人弥赛亚为祂百姓以色列出面干涉的先声。这些“牧人”不是先知或祭司，而是掌权者，他们在治理中只求自己的私利，不顾被治理之百姓的福祉。这一用词是恰当的，因为大卫——第一位君王、也是真大卫的预表
(Eze 34:23, 24)——
原是作牧人而被召的
(2Sa 5:2; Ps 78:70, 71)；
而君王的职责，正如牧人对羊群一样，是护卫和供应他的百姓。因此，选立一位牧人作第一任君王，正是为要启发这一思想，正如耶稣选渔夫作使徒，为要提醒他们得人属灵的职任（参较
Isa 44:28; Jer 2:8; 3:15; 10:21; 23:1, 2)。
英語原文
2.
Jer 23:1 and Zec 11:17
similarly make the removal of the false shepherds the preliminary to the interposition of Messiah the Good Shepherd in behalf of His people Israel. The "shepherds" are not prophets or priests, but rulers who sought in their government their own selfish ends, not the good of the people ruled. The term was appropriate, as David, the first king and the type of the true David
(Eze 34:23, 24),
was taken from being a shepherd
(2Sa 5:2; Ps 78:70, 71);
and the office, like that of a shepherd for his flock, is to guard and provide for his people. The choice of a shepherd for the first king was therefore designed to suggest this thought, just as Jesus' selection of fishermen for apostles was designed to remind them of their spiritual office of catching men (compare
Isa 44:28; Jer 2:8; 3:15; 10:21; 23:1, 2).
3
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简体中文
3. 肥——或，按希伯来文不同的标点，作“奶”[七十士译本]。如此便避免了“肥”与“吃”的重复；而且“吃脂油”大概也不会放在“杀”羊之前。以羊奶或山羊奶为食物
(De 32:14; Pr 27:27)
本无可非议，只是这些牧人挤奶过于频繁，且没有好好“喂养”它们[BOCHART]，
(Isa 56:11)。
这些掌权者征收苛捐杂税。
杀……吃——借诬告杀害富人以夺取其产业。
不喂养……羊群——不顾念百姓
(Joh 10:12)。
英語原文
3. fat--or, by differently pointing the Hebrew, "milk" [Septuagint]. Thus the repetition "fat" and "fed" is avoided: also the eating of "fat" would not probably be put before the "killing" of the sheep. The eating of sheep's or goats' milk as food
(De 32:14; Pr 27:27)
was unobjectionable, had not these shepherds milked them too often, and that without duly "feeding" them [BOCHART],
(Isa 56:11).
The rulers levied exorbitant tributes.
kill . . . fed--kill the rich by false accusation so as to get possession of their property.
feed not . . . flock--take no care of the people
(Joh 10:12).
4
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简体中文
4. 有病的——更恰当的译法是因“疾病”影响而软弱的人，正如“强壮”（即以适当的食物滋补）所要求的[GROTIUS]。
折伤的——即被狼所伤造成的骨折。
再带回……赶逐——
(Ex 23:4)。
所指的，是被仇敌借神的审判赶到外邦之地的那些人
(Jer 23:3)。
掌权者若使国家有属灵的改革，本可转消神的忿怒，并“带回”被掳之人。掌权者被责为主要有罪（虽然百姓也有罪），因为他们本当率先遏制这恶，反倒助长了它。
也没有……寻找……失丧的——与好牧人的爱形成对比
(Lu 15:4)。
用强权……辖制——
(Ex 1:13, 14)。
以埃及的奴役。律法所禁止的，正是他们所行的
(Le 25:43；
参较
1Pe 5:3)。
英語原文
4. The diseased--rather, those weak from the effects of "disease," as "strengthened" (that is, with due nourishment) requires [GROTIUS].
broken--that is, fractures from wounds inflicted by the wolf.
brought again . . . driven away--
(Ex 23:4).
Those "driven away" by the enemy into foreign lands through God's judgments are meant
(Jer 23:3).
A spiritual reformation of the state by the rulers would have turned away God's wrath, and "brought again" the exiles. The rulers are censured as chiefly guilty (though the people, too, were guilty), because they, who ought to have been foremost in checking the evil, promoted it.
neither . . . sought . . . lost--Contrast the Good Shepherd's love
(Lu 15:4).
with force . . . ruled--
(Ex 1:13, 14).
With an Egyptian bondage. The very thing forbidden by the law they did
(Le 25:43;
compare
1Pe 5:3).
5
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简体中文
5. 分散，因为……没有牧人——即没有配得上这称呼的人，尽管有少数被称为牧人的
(1Ki 22:17; Mt 9:36)。
比较
Mt 26:31，
那里真正的牧人被击打时，羊就分散了。神称他们为“我的羊”；因为他们并非如那些牧人所待的那般，是他们藉以“自养”的产业。
给一切……野兽作食物——他们成了 Syrians、Ammon、Moab 和 Assyria 的掠物。
英語原文
5. scattered, because . . . no shepherd--that is, none worthy of the name, though there were some called shepherds
(1Ki 22:17; Mt 9:36).
Compare
Mt 26:31,
where the sheep were scattered when the true Shepherd was smitten. God calls them "My sheep"; for they were not, as the shepherds treated them, their patrimony whereby to "feed themselves."
meat to all . . . beasts--They became a prey to the Syrians, Ammon, Moab, and Assyria.
6
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简体中文
6. 一切高冈——即他们行偶像崇拜之地，且为君王所认可。
寻……找（search . . . seek）——更作“找……寻”。前者（寻）是上级官长究问的分；找出则是下属官长的职任[JUNIUS]。
英語原文
6. every high hill--the scene of their idolatries sanctioned by the rulers.
search . . . seek--rather, "seek . . . search." The former is the part of the superior rulers to inquire after: to search out is the duty of the subordinate rulers [JUNIUS].
10
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简体中文
10. 我必向我的羊群追讨——
(Heb 13:17)，
更作“我正在追讨”，等等，因神早已开始如此行，严厉地刑罚 Zedekiah 和其余的王子
(Jer 52:10)。
英語原文
10. I will require my flock--
(Heb 13:17),
rather, "I require," &c., for God already had begun to do so, punishing Zedekiah and the other princes severely
(Jer 52:10).
11
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简体中文
11. 我……必……寻找——做那些所谓牧人所未做的事，因我才是羊群合法的主人。
英語原文
11. I . . . will . . . search--doing that which the so-called shepherds had failed to do, I being the rightful owner of the flock.
12
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简体中文
12. 在他……中间的日子——即在他那曾四散的羊群中间（希伯来文 Hebrew）。指弥赛亚第二次降临，那时他必为“在以色列中间的荣耀”
(Zec 2:5)。
云雾……之日——即国难之日
(Joe 2:2)。
英語原文
12. in the day that he is among--in the midst of (Hebrew) His sheep that had been scattered. Referring to Messiah's second advent, when He shall be "the glory in the midst of Israel"
(Zec 2:5).
in the cloudy . . . day--the day of the nation's calamity
(Joe 2:2).
13
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简体中文
*13. 我必从万民中领他们出来，*等——
(Eze 28:25; 36:24; 37:21, 22; Isa 65:9, 10; Jer 23:3)。
英語原文
13. And I will bring them out from the people, &c.--
(Eze 28:25; 36:24; 37:21, 22; Isa 65:9, 10; Jer 23:3).
14
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简体中文
14. 好草场——
(Ps 23:2)。
以色列高处的群山——在
Eze 17:23; 20:40，
用的是单数“以色列高处的山”。差异的原因在于：那里以西结指的是王国的中心——锡安山，百姓在那里聚集敬拜耶和华；此处他指的是广义的 Israel 国，其各部分都被视为具有道德上的崇高。
英語原文
14. good pasture--
(Ps 23:2).
high mountains of Israel--In
Eze 17:23; 20:40,
the phrase is "the mountain of the height of Israel" in the singular number. The reason for the difference is: there Ezekiel spoke of the central seat of the kingdom, Mount Zion, where the people met for the worship of Jehovah; here he speaks of the kingdom of Israel at large, all the parts of which are regarded as possessing a moral elevation.
16
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简体中文
16. 与不忠的牧人相反
(Eze 34:4)。
他们所忽略的各项本分，我必信实履行。
肥的……壮的——即因昌盛而变得放荡的人
(De 32:15; Jer 5:28)，
他们用自己的力量欺压弱者。比较
Eze 34:20，
“肥壮的牲畜”
(Isa 10:16)。
这比喻取自肥壮而桀骜不驯的牲畜。
按公平——即公义公平，与不忠的牧人以“强暴”与“残忍”治理羊群相反
(Eze 34:4)。
英語原文
16. In contrast to the unfaithful shepherds
(Eze 34:4).
The several duties neglected by them I will faithfully discharge.
fat . . . strong--that is, those rendered wanton by prosperity
(De 32:15; Jer 5:28),
who use their strength to oppress the weak. Compare
Eze 34:20,
"the fat cattle"
(Isa 10:16).
The image is from fat cattle that wax refractory.
with judgment--that is, justice and equity, as contrasted with the "force" and "cruelty" with which the unfaithful shepherds ruled the flock
(Eze 34:4).
17
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简体中文
17. 你们……我的羊群——从掌权者转到百姓。
牲畜和牲畜——更宜作“羊和羊”；边注作“小牲畜”，或“羔羊与山羊之群”，即我在一类公民与另一类之间施行审判，按各人所当得的归各人。他随即指明将受惩罚之“审判”的那一类，即“公绵羊和公山羊”，或“大山羊”（比较
Isa 14:9，
边注；
Zec 10:3; Mt 25:32, 33)。
他们与“肥壮的”相应，与“有病的”相对
(Eze 34:16)。
所指的乃是百姓中富足而不敬虔的人，他们效法恶首领欺压较贫穷的弟兄，仿佛践踏他人的权益能增添自己的快乐
(Eze 34:18)。
英語原文
17. you, . . . my flock--passing from the rulers to the people.
cattle and cattle--rather, "sheep and sheep"; Margin, "small cattle," or "flocks of lambs and kids," that is, I judge between one class of citizens and another, so as to award what is right to each. He then defines the class about to be punitively "judged," namely, "the rams and he-goats," or "great he-goats" (compare
Isa 14:9,
Margin;
Zec 10:3; Mt 25:32, 33).
They answer to "the fat and strong," as opposed to the "sick"
(Eze 34:16).
The rich and ungodly of the people are meant, who imitated the bad rulers in oppressing their poorer brethren, as if it enhanced their own joys to trample on others' rights
(Eze 34:18).
18
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简体中文
18, 19. 他们不满足于将别人的财物据为己用，更出于纯粹的放荡毁坏了他们所不用的，使原主也无法使用。
深水——即“清澈”，因深水通常清澈。GROTIUS 将这比喻解释为富人用以榨取穷人的重利
(Eze 22:12; Isa 24:2)。
英語原文
18, 19. Not content with appropriating to their own use the goods of others, they from mere wantonness spoiled what they did not use, so as to be of no use to the owners.
deep waters--that is, "limpid," as deep waters are generally clear. GROTIUS explains the image as referring to the usuries with which the rich ground the poor
(Eze 22:12; Isa 24:2).
19
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简体中文
19. 吃——分量短缺。
喝——忧愁地。
英語原文
19. they eat--scantily.
they drink--sorrowfully.
20
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简体中文
20. 肥的……瘦的——富足的欺压者……卑微的穷人。
英語原文
20. fat . . . lean--the rich oppressors . . . the humble poor.
21
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简体中文
21. 将他们四散——直到被掳往巴比伦（Babylon）之时 [GROTIUS]。
英語原文
21. scattered them abroad--down to the time of the carrying away to Babylon [GROTIUS].
22
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简体中文
22. 从巴比伦（Babylon）归回之后，犹太人在某种程度上脱离了欺压，不仅是外邦人的，也有本族大户的
(Ne 5:1-19)。 这预言完全而最终的应验仍属将来。
英語原文
22. After the restoration from Babylon, the Jews were delivered in some degree from the oppression, not only of foreigners, but also of their own great people
(Ne 5:1-19).
The full and final fulfilment of this prophecy is future.
23
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简体中文
23. 立起——即借神圣的任命而兴起；暗指神对大卫（David）的宣告：“我必在你以后立你的后裔”
(2Sa 7:12)； 以及“我已经立我的君在我圣山锡安（Zion）上了”
(Ps 2:6；
比较
Ac 2:30; 13:23)。
一牧人——直译作“一牧人，一”：独特而卓越地独一：祂那一类中唯一的一位，无可比拟
(So 5:10)。 主耶稣引用这预言
(Joh 10:14)， “我是好牧人”。又是“一”，因祂将历来分裂的以色列与犹大合而为一，又“使天上地上一切所有的，都在基督里面同归于一”
(Eph 1:10)； 如此医治了比以色列与犹大之间更深的裂痕
(Col 1:20)。 “既然借着祂在十字架上所流的血成就了和平，便借着祂叫万有，无论是地上的、天上的，都与自己和好了。”
大卫——那预表的大卫，弥赛亚，出于大卫的种子，这是被掳后任何一位王所不是的：祂完全地是大卫仅在一定程度上所是的，“合神心意的人”。又如，大卫意为蒙爱：弥赛亚真是神所爱的儿子
(Isa 42:1; Mt 3:17)。 牧人意指君王，而非宗教教师；在这方面祂卓越地是真大卫，因大卫是牧人君王
(Lu 1:32, 33)。 弥赛亚在
Isa 55:3, 4; Jer 30:9; Ho 3:5
中被称为“大卫”。
英語原文
23. set up--that is, raise up by divine appointment; alluding to the declaration of God to David, "I will set up thy seed after thee"
(2Sa 7:12);
and, "Yet have I set My king on My holy hill of Zion"
(Ps 2:6;
compare
Ac 2:30; 13:23).
one shepherd--literally, "a Shepherd, one": singularly and pre-eminently one: the only one of His kind, to whom none is comparable
(So 5:10).
The Lord Jesus refers to this prophecy
(Joh 10:14),
"I am THE Good Shepherd." Also "one" as uniting in one the heretofore divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and also "gathering together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and on earth"
(Eph 1:10);
thus healing worse breaches than that between Israel and Judah
(Col 1:20).
"God by Him reconciling all things unto Himself, whether things in earth or in heaven."
David--the antitypical David, Messiah, of the seed of David, which no other king after the captivity was: who was fully, what David was only in a degree, "the man after God's own heart." Also, David means beloved: Messiah was truly God's beloved Son
(Isa 42:1; Mt 3:17).
Shepherd means King, rather than religious instructor; in this pre-eminently He was the true David, who was the Shepherd King
(Lu 1:32, 33).
Messiah is called "David" in
Isa 55:3, 4; Jer 30:9; Ho 3:5.
24
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简体中文
24. 我的仆人——暗示适于以神之名治理，不随己意而行，如别的君王，而是作为神旨意的忠心执行者；弥赛亚完全实现了这一品格
(Ps 40:7, 8; Isa 42:1; 49:3, 6; 53:11; Php 2:7)，
而大卫（David）只是预表性地、部分地代表
(Ac 13:36)； 故此祂是最适合执掌那被世上君王所滥用的天下权杖的人
(Da 2:34, 35, 44, 45)。
英語原文
24. my servant--implying fitness for ruling in the name of God, not pursuing a self-chosen course, as other kings, but acting as the faithful administrator of the will of God; Messiah realized fully this character
(Ps 40:7, 8; Isa 42:1; 49:3, 6; 53:11; Php 2:7),
which David typically and partially represented
(Ac 13:36);
so He is the fittest person to wield the world scepter, abused by all the world kings
(Da 2:34, 35, 44, 45).
25
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简体中文
25. 平安的约……恶兽……止息……安然居住——律法中最初的应许
(Le 26:6)
将在弥赛亚之下首次完全实现
(Isa 11:6-9; 35:9; Ho 2:18)。
英語原文
25. covenant of peace . . . evil beasts . . . to cease . . . dwell safely--The original promise of the law
(Le 26:6)
shall be realized for the first time fully under Messiah
(Isa 11:6-9; 35:9; Ho 2:18).
26
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简体中文
26. 他们和我山周围的地方——犹太人与锡安（Zion）——神的山
(Ps 2:6)——
要成为祝福的源头，不仅为自己，也为周围的外邦人
(Isa 19:24; 56:6, 7; 60:3; Mic 5:7; Zec 8:13)。
然而字面的应验是首要的，尽管属灵的也是命定的。与内在公义之稳固掌权相应，外在的一切都要昌盛，滋润的时雨（照古圣约的应许，
Le 26:4; Ps 68:9; Mal 3:10），
以及多结果子的树木与田地
(Eze 34:27)。 如此他们便实现了
Eze 34:14
的比喻；即一群蒙神亲自丰富牧养的羊。
英語原文
26. them and the places round about my hill--The Jews, and Zion, God's hill
(Ps 2:6),
are to be sources of blessing, not merely to themselves, but to the surrounding heathen
(Isa 19:24; 56:6, 7; 60:3; Mic 5:7; Zec 8:13).
The literal fulfilment is, however, the primary one, though the spiritual also is designed. In correspondence with the settled reign of righteousness internally, all is to be prosperity externally, fertilizing showers (according to the promise of the ancient covenant,
Le 26:4; Ps 68:9; Mal 3:10),
and productive trees and lands
(Eze 34:27).
Thus shall they realize the image of
Eze 34:14;
namely, a flock richly pastured by God Himself.
27
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简体中文
27. 任意待他们——利用他们的服事，仿佛犹太人是他们的奴仆
(Jer 22:13; 25:14；
比较
Ge 15:13; Ex 1:14)。
英語原文
27. served themselves of them--availed themselves of their services, as if the Jews were their slaves
(Jer 22:13; 25:14;
compare
Ge 15:13; Ex 1:14).
28
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简体中文
28. 必安然居住——
(Jer 23:6)。
英語原文
28. dwell safely--
(Jer 23:6).
29
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简体中文
29. 有名的植物——弥赛亚，那“枝条”和“苗裔”
(Isa 11:1)，
那“公义的苗裔”
(Jer 23:5)，
祂必为他们取得“名声”。FAIRBAIRN 较不可能地译作“为得名而栽种”，即一种昌盛的状况，以园子为喻（暗指伊甸〔Eden〕，
Ge 2:8-11，
有各种树木，好作食物，也悦人眼目），是耶和华所栽种的
(Isa 60:21; 61:3)，
并成为外邦人中“有名”的对象。
英語原文
29. plant of renown--Messiah, the "Rod" and "Branch"
(Isa 11:1),
the "righteous Branch"
(Jer 23:5),
who shall obtain for them "renown." FAIRBAIRN less probably translates, "A plantation for a name," that is, a flourishing condition, represented as a garden (alluding to Eden,
Ge 2:8-11,
with its various trees, good for food and pleasant to the sight), the planting of the Lord
(Isa 60:21; 61:3),
and an object of "renown" among the heathen.
31
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简体中文
31. 你们我的群羊……乃是人——并非如耶柔米（JEROME）所言，仅仅是对这一比喻的解释。而是因神既应许了许多单凭“人”无法指望实现的事，祂便指出这些应许的实现不可指望人的力量，而当仰望神，祂必为祂立约的百姓——“祂的群羊”——成就[ROSENMULLER]。当我们最深切地认识自己的软弱，并认识神的大能与祂对圣约的信实之时，便是我们最合宜领受祂祝福的状态。
英語原文
31. ye my flock . . . are men--not merely an explanation of the image, as JEROME represents. But as God had promised many things which mere "men" could not expect to realize, He shows that it is not from man's might their realization is to be looked for, but from GOD, who would perform them for His covenant-people, "His flock" [ROSENMULLER]. When we realize most our weakness and God's power and faithfulness to His covenant, we are in the fittest state for receiving His blessings.
Eze 34:1-31。
责备假牧人；应许那真实而善的牧人。
他在第三十三章已经立下悔改作为百姓进入更美好时代的必要前提，如今祂应许要除掉假牧人，作为兴起好牧人的预备。