1
Eze 38:1-23.
繁體中文
英語原文
Eze 38:1-23.
THE ASSAULT OF GOG, AND GOD'S JUDGMENT ON HIM.
The objections to a literal interpretation of the prophecy are--(1) The ideal nature of the name Gog, which is the root of Magog, the only kindred name found in Scripture or history. (2) The nations congregated are selected from places most distant from Israel, and from one another, and therefore most unlikely to act in concert (Persians and Libyans, &c.). (3) The whole spoil of Israel could not have given a handful to a tithe of their number, or maintained the myriads of invaders a single day
(Eze 38:12, 13).
(4) The wood of their invaders' weapons was to serve for fuel to Israel for seven years! And all Israel were to take seven months in burying the dead! Supposing a million of Israelites to bury each two corpses a day, the aggregate buried in the hundred eighty working days of the seven months would be three hundred sixty millions of corpses! Then the pestilential vapors from such masses of victims before they were all buried! What Israelite could live in such an atmosphere? (5) The scene of the Lord's controversy here is different from that in
Isa 34:6,
Edom, which creates a discrepancy. (But probably a different judgment is alluded to). (6) The gross carnality of the representation of God's dealings with His adversaries is inconsistent with Messianic times. It therefore requires a non-literal interpretation. The prophetical delineations of the divine principles of government are thrown into the familiar forms of Old Testament relations. The final triumph of Messiah's truth over the most distant and barbarous nations is represented as a literal conflict on a gigantic scale, Israel being the battlefield, ending in the complete triumph of Israel's anointed King, the Saviour of the world. It is a prophetical parable [FAIRBAIRN]. However, though the details are not literal, the distinctiveness in this picture, characterizing also parallel descriptions in writers less ideally picturesque than Ezekiel, gives probability to a more definite and generally literal interpretation. The awful desolations caused in Judea by Antiochus Epiphanes, of Syria (1 Maccabees; and PORPHYRY, quoted by JEROME on Ezekiel), his defilement of Jehovah's temple by sacrificing swine and sprinkling the altar with the broth, and setting up the altar of Jupiter Olympius, seem to be an earnest of the final desolations to be caused by Antichrist in Israel, previous to His overthrow by the Lord Himself, coming to reign (compare
Da 8:10-26; 11:21-45; 12:1; Zec 13:9; 14:2, 3).
GROTIUS explains Gog as a name taken from Gyges, king of Lydia; and Magog as Syria, in which was a city called Magog [PLINY, 5.28]. What Ezekiel stated more generally,
Re 20:7-9
states more definitely as to the anti-Christian confederacy which is to assail the beloved city.
2
無題
繁體中文
2. 歌革——瑪各地的君。這稱號可能是該國君王的通稱，如同埃及的「法老」。北亞細亞人稱他們的君王為 Chakan，如今仍是土耳其蘇丹的稱號：「歌革」可能是此詞的縮寫。在以西結時代，一群被希臘人稱為「斯基泰人」的北亞細亞部落——大概包括高加索附近的 Moschi 和 Tibareni，即此處的（「米設……土巴」）——曾發動遠征埃及之舉〔HERODOTUS, 1.103-106〕。以西結可能從當時人所共知的這一史實中採用了這些名字，作為末後龐大的反基督教聯盟的理想稱號。
瑪各——
(Ge 10:2; 1Ch 1:5)。
屬於雅弗後裔的一地之名。梵語中 Maha 意為「地」。歌革是該地區的理想政治領袖。在
Re 20:8
中，歌革和瑪各是兩個民族。
首席君——更確切地說，「羅施（Rosh）的君」〔七十士譯本〕。克里米亞的斯基泰 Tauri 人即如此稱呼。阿拉克斯河也被稱為「Rhos」。現代俄羅斯人可能由此取其名，如同莫斯科和托博爾斯克之取自米設和土巴——雖然他們固有的古名是 Slavi 或 Wends。HENGSTENBERG 支持英文版，因「羅施」不見於聖經。「瑪各原是歌革最初的國，雖然他也獲取了米設和土巴，因此被稱為它們的首領。」
英語原文
2. Gog--the prince of the land of Magog. The title was probably a common one of the kings of the country, as "Pharaoh" in Egypt. Chakan was the name given by the Northern Asiatics to their king, and is still a title of the Turkish sultan: "Gog" may be a contraction of this. In Ezekiel's time a horde of northern Asiatics, termed by the Greeks "Scythians," and probably including the Moschi and Tibareni, near the Caucasus, here ("Meshech . . . Tubal") undertook an expedition against Egypt [HERODOTUS, 1.103-106]. These names might be adopted by Ezekiel from the historical fact familiar to men at the time, as ideal titles for the great last anti-Christian confederacy.
Magog--
(Ge 10:2; 1Ch 1:5).
The name of a land belonging to Japheth's posterity. Maha, in Sanskrit, means "land." Gog is the ideal political head of the region. In
Re 20:8,
Gog and Magog are two peoples.
the chief prince--rather, "prince of Rosh," or "Rhos" [Septuagint]. The Scythian Tauri in the Crimea were so called. The Araxes also was called "Rhos." The modern Russians may have hence assumed their name, as Moscow and Tobolsk from Meshech and Tubal, though their proper ancient name was Slavi, or Wends. HENGSTENBERG supports English Version, as "Rosh" is not found in the Bible. "Magog was Gog's original kingdom, though he acquired also Meshech and Tubal, so as to be called their chief prince."
3
無題
繁體中文
3. 他那響亮的稱號被重複，暗示入侵者傲慢自信、彷彿不可戰勝。
英語原文
3. His high-sounding titles are repeated to imply the haughty self-confidence of the invader as if invincible.
4
無題
繁體中文
4. 我必轉回你——如同一頭桀驁不馴的野獸，以為可以隨己意而行，卻被更高的力量迫使轉向一條必以毀滅告終的路。撒但必被護理所允許，迷惑他們以致敗亡
(Re 20:7, 8)。
鉤子鉤在你的腮上——
(Eze 29:4; 2Ki 19:28)。
英語原文
4. turn thee back--as a refractory wild beast, which thinks to take its own way, but is bent by a superior power to turn on a course which must end in its destruction. Satan shall be, by overruling Providence, permitted to deceive them to their ruin
(Re 20:7, 8).
hooks into thy jaws--
(Eze 29:4; 2Ki 19:28).
5
無題
繁體中文
5. 波斯……呂彼亞——APPIAN 明確指出他們為安提阿古軍隊提供兵源。
英語原文
5. Persia . . . Libya--expressly specified by APPIAN as supplying the ranks of Antiochus' army.
6
無題
繁體中文
6. 歌篾——克里米亞-韃靼的凱爾特辛梅里人。
陀迦瑪——高加索的亞美尼亞人，位於伊比利亞以南。
英語原文
6. Gomer--the Celtic Cimmerians of Crim-Tartary.
Togarmah--the Armenians of the Caucasus, south of Iberia.
7
無題
繁體中文
7. 反語。你和你全軍當自備一切戰爭所需的裝備——好叫你們一同滅亡。
作……他們的護衛——即你若能的話。
英語原文
7. Irony. Prepare thee and all thine with all needful accoutrements for war--that ye may perish together.
be . . . a guard unto them--that is, if thou canst.
8
無題
繁體中文
8. 你必被察訪——即在神的怒中被察訪
（賽二十九6）。
可能暗指
賽二十四21-22，
「高處的眾軍……必被聚集……像囚犯……在坑中……多日之後便被察訪。」因此我較偏好英文譯本，而非 GROTIUS 的譯法「你必獲得」遠征的指揮權。「多日之後」由「末後之年」所界定，即彌賽亞降臨之前的時期，亦即在安提阿古之下，於祂第一次降臨之前；在敵基督之下，於祂第二次降臨之前。
以色列山……永遠荒廢——即在被擄的漫長時期中荒廢，這是猶大現今荒涼更長時期的預嘗（「永遠荒廢」一語更完全地適用於後者）。這標明了此行動的不敬虔與殘暴——攻擊神的百姓，而他們才剛開始從長久的災禍中復原。
但它被帶出……他們要居住——更恰當地譯為「他們（以色列人）被帶出……安然居住」〔FAIRBAIRN〕。英文譯本的意思是：「攻擊那曾經荒廢的以色列，但如今（在被侵之時）其（即其百姓）已從所分散的列國中被帶出，入侵者必發現他們安然居住，以致在他看來似乎是容易的掠物。」
英語原文
8. thou shall be visited--in wrath, by God
(Isa 29:6).
Probably there is allusion to
Isa 24:21, 22,
"The host of the high ones . . . shall be gathered . . . as prisoners . . . in the pit . . . and after many days shall they be visited." I therefore prefer English Version to GROTIUS rendering, "Thou shalt get the command" of the expedition. The "after many days" is defined by "in the latter years," that is, in the times just before the coming of Messiah, namely, under Antiochus, before His first coming; under Antichrist, before His second coming.
the mountains of Israel . . . always waste--that is, waste during the long period of the captivity, the earnest of the much longer period of Judea's present desolation (to which the language "always waste" more fully applies). This marks the impious atrocity of the act, to assail God's people, who had only begun to recover from their protracted calamities.
but it is brought . . . and they shall dwell--rather, "And they (the Israelites) were brought . . . dwelt safely" [FAIRBAIRN]. English Version means, "Against Israel, which has been waste, but which (that is, whose people) is now (at the time of the invasion) brought forth out of the nations where they were dispersed, and shall be found by the invader dwelling securely, so as to seem an easy prey to him."
9
無題
繁體中文
9. 密雲遮蓋那地——以你軍隊的眾多。
英語原文
9. cloud to cover the land--with the multitude of thy forces.
10
無題
繁體中文
10. 惡念——即趁神的百姓毫無防備之時攻擊他們的念頭。
英語原文
10. an evil thought--as to attacking God's people in their defenseless state.
11
無題
繁體中文
11. 安然居住——即安全地，無所懼怕（參
斯九19）。
安提阿古——敵基督的預表——兵不血刃地攻取了耶路撒冷。
英語原文
11. dwell safely--that is, securely, without fear of danger (compare
Es 9:19).
Antiochus, the type of Antichrist, took Jerusalem without a blow.
12
無題
繁體中文
12. 地中間——字面意思是地的「肚臍」
（士九37，
邊註）。照樣，在
結五5，
以色列被設立「在列國之中」；不是物理意義上的，而是道德意義上的——一個居中的位置，為要成為世界的祝福：也因此（作為蒙愛或「所愛的城」， 啟二十9）
成為嫉妒的對象。GROTIUS 譯為「在地的高處」（參
結三十八8），
「以色列山」，以色列在道德上被高舉超過世界其餘部分。
英語原文
12. midst of the land--literally, "the navel" of the land
(Jud 9:37,
Margin). So, in
Eze 5:5,
Israel is said to be set "in the midst of the nations"; not physically, but morally, a central position for being a blessing to the world: so (as the favored or "beloved city,"
Re 20:9)
an object of envy. GROTIUS translates, "In the height of the land" (so
Eze 38:8),
"the mountains of Israel," Israel being morally elevated above the rest of the world.
13
無題
繁體中文
13. 示巴等——這些商業民族雖然沒有積極參與反對神的事業，卻很樂意看到別人如此行。屬世的心使他們樂於交易入侵神百姓之人所得的不義之財。對他們而言，利益先於敬虔（馬加比一書三41）。
少壯獅子——膽大的首領和領袖。
英語原文
13. Sheba, &c.--These mercantile peoples, though not taking an active part against the cause of God, are well pleased to see others do it. Worldliness makes them ready to deal in the ill-gotten spoil of the invaders of God's people. Gain is before godliness with them (1 Maccabees 3:41).
young lions--daring princes and leaders.
14
無題
繁體中文
14. 你豈不知道嗎？——你要付代價才知道，被刑罰所臨到，而以色列安然居住。
英語原文
14. shalt thou not know it?--to thy cost, being visited with punishment, while Israel dwells safely.
16
無題
繁體中文
16. 我必帶你來攻擊我的地，好使列國認識我——正如
出 9:16
中，神對法老說：「我叫你存立，是特要向你顯我的大能；並要使我的名傳遍天下。」
英語原文
16. I will bring thee against my land, that the heathen may know me--So in
Ex 9:16,
God tells Pharaoh, "For this cause have I raised thee up, for to show in thee My power; and that My name may be declared throughout all the earth."
17
無題
繁體中文
17. 你就是我所說在古時所指的人嗎——歌革等在此被認定為其他預言中所提及的仇敵
（民 24:17-24； 賽 27:1；
參
賽 26:20, 21； 耶 30:23, 24； 珥 3:1； 彌 5:5, 6； 賽 14:12-14; 59:19）。
神被描繪為在歌革發動攻擊之時對他說話；因此，「古時」是指更早的時候，即以西結發出這些預言之時；如此一來，他和但以理
（但 11:1-45）
以及撒迦利亞
（亞 14:1-21）
一樣，也被包括在此處的「以色列眾先知」之中。
多年——以前。
英語原文
17. thou he of whom I have spoken in old time--Gog, &c. are here identified with the enemies spoken of in other prophecies
(Nu 24:17-24; Isa 27:1;
compare
Isa 26:20, 21; Jer 30:23, 24; Joe 3:1; Mic 5:5, 6; Isa 14:12-14; 59:19).
God is represented as addressing Gog at the time of his assault; therefore, the "old time" is the time long prior, when Ezekiel uttered these prophecies; so, he also, as well as Daniel
(Da 11:1-45)
and Zechariah
(Zec 14:1-21)
are included among "the prophets of Israel" here.
many years--ago.
18
無題
繁體中文
18. 怒氣從我臉上發出——直譯為「鼻」；在希伯來文中是忿怒的習慣用語，因為人發怒時從鼻孔中強烈地呼氣。擬人說法：神俯就人的思想方式
（詩 18:8）。
英語原文
18. fury shall come up in my face--literally, "nose"; in Hebrew, the idiomatic expression for anger, as men in anger breathe strongly through the nostrils. Anthropopathy: God stooping to human modes of thought
(Ps 18:8).
19
無題
繁體中文
19. 大震動——即地震：社會與道德動盪之後往往伴隨物質的震動。此事在
珥 3:16 中也有預言；
（參
該 2:6, 7； 太 24:7, 29； 啟 16:18）。
英語原文
19. great shaking--an earthquake: physical agitations after accompanying social and moral revolutions. Foretold also in
Joe 3:16;
(compare
Hag 2:6, 7; Mt 24:7, 29; Re 16:18).
20
無題
繁體中文
20. 魚——因我所帶來的船隊而受擾。
飛鳥等——因見如此多的人而驚惶：一幅理想的圖畫。
山嶺——即山上的堡壘。
陡峭的巖——直譯為「臺階」
（歌 2:14）；
山坡上為防止泥土被雨水沖刷而設的陡峭的葡萄園階地。
一切牆——城邑的牆。
英語原文
20. fishes--disturbed by the fleets which I will bring.
fowls, &c.--frightened at the sight of so many men: an ideal picture.
mountains--that is, the fortresses on the mountains.
steep places--literally, "stairs"
(So 2:14);
steep terraces for vines on the sides of hills, to prevent the earth being washed down by the rains.
every wall--of towns.
21
無題
繁體中文
21. 各人的刀劍……攻擊他的弟兄——我必部分藉我子民的刀劍毀滅他們，部分藉他們彼此的刀劍互相攻擊而毀滅他們（參
代下 20:23）。
英語原文
21. every man's sword . . . against his brother--I will destroy them partly by My people's sword, partly by their swords being turned against one another (compare
2Ch 20:23).
22
無題
繁體中文
22. 刑罰——法庭用語；因為神在降罰時，是按祂自己那不變的公義原則而行，不是憑任性的衝動
（賽 66:16； 耶 25:31）。
血……冰雹、火——
（啟 8:7; 16:21）。
這意象取自所多瑪的毀滅與埃及的災禍（參
詩 11:6）。
安提阿古死於「瘟疫」（瑪加比二書 9:5）。
英語原文
22. plead--a forensic term; because God in His inflictions acts on the principles of His own immutable justice, not by arbitrary impulse
(Isa 66:16; Jer 25:31).
blood . . . hailstones, fire--
(Re 8:7; 16:21).
The imagery is taken from the destruction of Sodom and the plagues of Egypt (compare
Ps 11:6).
Antiochus died by "pestilence" (2 Maccabees 9:5).
Eze 38:1-23.
歌革的攻擊，以及神對他的審判。
反對這預言字面解釋的理由是——（一）歌革這名字的觀念性質，它是瑪各的詞根，是聖經或歷史中唯一可尋的同源名字。（二）所聚集的列國選自距離以色列最遠、彼此之間也最遠的地方，因此最不可能聯合行動（波斯人和呂彼亞人等）。（三）以色列全部的掠物也分不到這龐大軍隊十分之一的人各一把，更無法維持這無數入侵者一日之需
(Eze 38:12, 13)。
（四）入侵者兵器的木材要作以色列的燃料達七年之久！而全以色列要花七個月時間埋葬死人！假設有一百萬以色列人每人每天埋葬兩具屍體，七個月一百八十個工作天所埋葬的總數將是三億六千萬具屍體！那麼在這些屍體全部埋葬之前，如此大量屍體所發出的瘟疫之氣！哪個以色列人能在這樣的空氣中存活？（五）此處主爭論的場景與
Isa 34:6
中以東為場景的不同，造成了不一致。（但大概是指不同的審判。）（六）此處對神對付仇敵的描寫過於粗陋的屬肉體性質，與彌賽亞時代不相稱。因此需要非字面的解釋。對神治理原則的預言性描繪，被套入舊約關係的熟悉形式之中。彌賽亞真理對最遙遠、最野蠻列國的最終勝利，被描繪為一場規模龐大的字面衝突，以以色列為戰場，最終以以色列受膏君——世界的救主——的完全勝利告終。這是一個預言性的比喻〔FAIRBAIRN〕。然而，儘管細節不是字面的，這幅圖畫中的獨特性（也見於不如以西結那樣富於理想畫面的其他作者的平行描述中），使得更明確且大體上字面的解釋具有可能性。敘利亞的安提阿古·伊皮法尼（Antiochus Epiphanes）在猶大所造成的可怕荒涼（《瑪加比一書》；以及 PORPHYRY，為 JEROME 論以西結時所引用），他褻瀆耶和華的聖殿——獻祭豬隻、在壇上灑肉湯、設立猶皮特奧林匹烏斯的壇——似乎是敵基督者在以色列造成最終荒涼的預嘗，隨後主必親自降臨施行毀滅、開始作王（比較
Da 8:10-26; 11:21-45; 12:1; Zec 13:9; 14:2, 3）。
GROTIUS 將歌革解釋為取自呂底亞王呂格斯（Gyges）的名字；瑪各為敘利亞，其中有一城名為瑪各〔PLINY, 5.28〕。以西結較為概括地陳述的內容， Re 20:7-9
則更明確地論及那將要攻擊蒙愛之城的反基督教聯盟。