1
Ho 8:1-14.
繁體中文
英語原文
Ho 8:1-14.
PROPHECY OF THE IRRUPTION OF THE ASSYRIANS, IN PUNISHMENT FOR ISRAEL'S APOSTASY, IDOLATRY, AND SETTING UP OF KINGS WITHOUT GOD'S SANCTION.
In
Ho 8:14,
Judah is said to multiply fenced cities; and in
Ho 8:7-9,
Israel, to its great hurt, is said to have gone up to Assyria for help. This answers best to the reign of Menahem. For it was then that Uzziah of Judah, his contemporary, built fenced cities
(2Ch 26:6, 9, 10).
Then also Israel turned to Assyria and had to pay for their sinful folly a thousand talents of silver
(2Ki 15:19)
[MAURER].
1. Set the trumpet, &c.--to give warning of the approach of the enemy: "To thy palate (that is, 'mouth,'
Job 31:30,
Margin) the trumpet"; the abruptness of expression indicates the suddenness of the attack. So
Ho 5:8.
as . . . eagle--the Assyrian
(De 28:49; Jer 48:40; Hab 1:8).
against . . . house of . . . Lord--not the temple, but Israel viewed as the family of God
(Ho 9:15; Nu 12:7; Zec 9:8; Heb 3:2; 1Ti 3:15; 1Pe 4:17).
2
無題
繁體中文
2. My God, we know thee——這裏用單數的「我的」，是分攤式的用法，意即各人都這樣稱呼神。他們在急難之時，以立約之民的身分自稱認識神，但在 行為上 卻不承認祂（參
Mt 7:21, 22； Tit 1:16；
又
Isa 29:13； Jer 7:4）。
希伯來文 將「Israel（以色列）」並非如 英文譯本（English Version） 那樣連於「shall cry（必呼喊）」，而是連於「我們以色列 認識你」；神因此否認他們憑著以色列後裔的身分所提出的這項聲稱。
英語原文
2. My God, we know thee--the singular, "My," is used distributively, each one so addressing God. They, in their hour of need, plead their knowledge of God as the covenant-people, while in their acts they acknowledge Him not (compare
Mt 7:21, 22; Tit 1:16;
also
Isa 29:13; Jer 7:4).
The Hebrew joins "Israel," not as English Version, with "shall cry," but "We, Israel, know thee"; God denies the claim thus urged on the ground of their descent from Israel.
3
無題
繁體中文
3. Israel——神重複這名，以對應 他們 對這名號的使用
（Ho 8:2）。
the thing that is good——JEROME 譯作「神」，因祂本為善，且廣行善事
（Ps 119:68）。
祂是首要被棄絕的對象，但隨著祂，一切善事也一同被棄。
the enemy shall pursue him——這是出於神公義的報應。
英語原文
3. Israel--God repeats the name in opposition to their use of it
(Ho 8:2).
the thing that is good--JEROME translates, "God" who is good and doing good
(Ps 119:68).
He is the chief object rejected, but with Him also all that is good.
the enemy shall pursue him--in just retribution from God.
4
無題
繁體中文
4. kings . . . not by me——未得我的許可
（1Ki 11:31; 12:20）。
以色列擁立耶羅波安及其繼任者，然而神所設立作全國正統君王的，乃是大衛家。
I knew it not——我不 認可 它
（Ps 1:6）。
of . . . gold . . . idols——
（Ho 2:8; 13:2）。
that they may be cut off——意即雖受警告拜偶像的後果，他們卻如睜著眼一般，執意奔向自己的毀滅。參
Jer 27:10, 15; 44:8。
英語原文
4. kings . . . not by me--not with My sanction
(1Ki 11:31; 12:20).
Israel set up Jeroboam and his successors, whereas God had appointed the house of David as the rightful kings of the whole nation.
I knew it not--I approved it not
(Ps 1:6).
of . . . gold . . . idols--
(Ho 2:8; 13:2).
that they may be cut off--that is, though warned of the consequences of idolatry, as it were with open eyes they rushed on their own destruction. So
Jer 27:10, 15; 44:8.
5
無題
繁體中文
5. hath cast thee off——由於省略 thee（你） 並不尋常，MAURER 譯作「你的牛犢 是可憎的」。但與
Ho 8:3
的對比證實 英文譯本（English Version）：「Israel（以色列）棄絕了 那善者」；因此按公義的報應，「你的牛犢棄絕了你」，意即被神用作你被棄絕的緣由
（Ho 10:15）。
耶羅波安寄居埃及時，曾在孟斐斯見人敬拜阿皮斯，又在赫利奧波利斯見人敬拜姆涅維斯，都是以公牛的形像；這與聖殿的基路伯，共同啟發了他在但和伯特利設立牛犦的念頭。
how long . . . ere they attain to innocency?——他們要到幾時才能無辜呢〔MAURER〕？
英語原文
5. hath cast thee off--As the ellipsis of thee is unusual, MAURER translates, "thy calf is abominable." But the antithesis to
Ho 8:3
establishes English Version, "Israel hath cast off the thing that is good"; therefore, in just retribution, "thy calf hath cast thee off," that is, is made by God the cause of thy being cast off
(Ho 10:15).
Jeroboam, during his sojourn in Egypt, saw Apis worshipped at Memphis, and Mnevis at Heliopolis, in the form of an ox; this, and the temple cherubim, suggested the idea of the calves set up at Dan and Beth-el.
how long . . . ere they attain to innocency?--How long will they be incapable of bearing innocency? [MAURER].
6
無題
繁體中文
6. from Israel was it——意即那牛犢源出於他們，不是出於我。「它也」，正如他們所「設立」的「諸王」一樣，「卻不是因我」
（Ho 8:4）。
英語原文
6. from Israel was it--that is, the calf originated with them, not from Me. "It also," as well as their "kings set up" by them, "but not by Me"
(Ho 8:4).
7
無題
繁體中文
7. sown . . . reap——
（Pr 22:8； Ga 6:7）。
「Sow . . . wind（撒……風）」，意即只作敬拜的虛飾，卻缺乏信心與順從〔CALVIN〕。 更確切地說，是向牛犢獻上無知的祈求以盼豐收（參
Ho 2:8）；
其結果是神要使他們「得不着穗」，即「長成的禾稼」。再者，這話語按諺語之意，也是說他們一切作為必歸徒然
（Pr 11:29； Ec 5:16）。
the bud——或作「生長」。
strangers——指外邦人
（Ho 7:9）。
英語原文
7. sown . . . reap--
(Pr 22:8; Ga 6:7).
"Sow . . . wind," that is, to make the vain show of worship, while faith and obedience are wanting [CALVIN]. Rather, to offer senseless supplications to the calves for good harvests (compare
Ho 2:8);
the result being that God will make them "reap no stalk," that is, "standing corn." Also, the phraseology proverbially means that all their undertakings shall be profitless
(Pr 11:29; Ec 5:16).
the bud--or, "growth."
strangers--foreigners
(Ho 7:9).
8
無題
繁體中文
8. vessel wherein is no pleasure——
（Ps 41:12； Jer 22:28; 48:38）。
英語原文
8. vessel wherein is no pleasure--
(Ps 41:12; Jer 22:28; 48:38).
9
無題
繁體中文
9. gone . . . to Assyria——指米拿現向普勒求助以鞏固王位（參
Ho 5:13; 7:11）。
米拿現的名字見於尼姆魯德西南宮的碑文，作為亞述王在位第八年的進貢者。普勒（即 Phalluka）的王朝約於主前768（或760）年被提革拉毗列色的王朝在尼尼微所取代。色米拉米斯似乎是普勒的妻子，於主前768年退至巴比倫；其子拿波納撒在一段混亂時期之後繼位，創始了「拿波納撒紀元」，即主前747年〔G. V. SMITH〕。通常外邦人來到以色列地，都說「上 去」；此處卻反過來，暗示以色列 衰微 的狀態，以及亞述的優越。
wild ass——用以比喻以色列任性倔強地隨己意而行
（Jer 2:24）。
alone by himself——是以色列歷世歷代的特徵：「看哪，這民必獨自居住」
（Nu 23:9；
參
Job 39:5-8）。
hired lovers——顛倒了尋常的方式，即情人本當僱傭她
（Eze 16:33, 34）。
英語原文
9. gone . . . to Assyria--referring to Menahem's application for Pul's aid in establishing him on the throne (compare
Ho 5:13; 7:11).
Menahem's name is read in the inscriptions in the southwest palace of Nimrod, as a tributary to the Assyrian king in his eighth year. The dynasty of Pul, or Phalluka, was supplanted at Nineveh by that of Tiglath-pileser, about 768 (or 760) B.C. Semiramis seems to have been Pul's wife, and to have withdrawn to Babylon in 768; and her son, Nabonassar, succeeding after a period of confusion, originated "the era of Nabonassar," 747 B.C. [G. V. SMITH]. Usually foreigners coming to Israel's land were said to "go up"; here it is the reverse, to intimate Israel's sunken state, and Assyria's superiority.
wild ass--a figure of Israel's headstrong perversity in following her own bent
(Jer 2:24).
alone by himself--characteristic of Israel in all ages: "lo, the people shall dwell alone"
(Nu 23:9;
compare
Job 39:5-8).
hired lovers--reversing the ordinary way, namely, that lovers should hire her
(Eze 16:33, 34).
10
無題
繁體中文
10. will I gather them——意即招聚 列國（亞述等）來攻擊以色列，而不是如她所願地協助她
（Eze 16:37）。
a little——更確切地譯作「不久」〔HENDERSON〕。英文譯本（English Version） 的譯法也很有道理：他們因進貢的重擔而「憂愁」一陣；神暫且懸而未施那 大 審判，即被亞述擄去。
the burden of the king of princes——指（在米拿現治下）亞述王普勒加在以色列身上的進貢
（2Ki 15:19-22），
那王手下有許多「首領」
（Isa 10:8）。
英語原文
10. will I gather them--namely, the nations (Assyria, &c.) against Israel, instead of their assisting her as she had wished
(Eze 16:37).
a little--rather, "in a little" [HENDERSON]. English Version gives good sense: They shall sorrow "a little" at the imposition of the tribute; God suspended yet the great judgment, namely, their deportation by Assyria.
the burden of the king of princes--the tribute imposed on Israel (under Menahem) by the Assyrian king Pul,
(2Ki 15:19-22),
who had many "princes" under his sway
(Isa 10:8).
11
無題
繁體中文
11. 神按公義的報應任憑他們各行己路；罪成了它本身的刑罰
（Pr 1:31）。
many altars——與神的律法相違
（De 12:5, 6, 13, 14）。
to sin . . . to sin——他們那些「罪」的祭壇（無論他們以何種宗教動機為藉口），必被當作罪來對待，並成為他們受罰的根源
（1Ki 12:30; 13:34）。
英語原文
11. God in righteous retribution gives them up to their own way; the sin becomes its own punishment
(Pr 1:31).
many altars--in opposition to God's law
(De 12:5, 6, 13, 14).
to sin . . . to sin--Their altars which were "sin" (whatever religious intentions they might plead) should be treated as such, and be the source of their punishment
(1Ki 12:30; 13:34).
12
無題
繁體中文
12. great things of . . . law——
（De 4:6, 8； Ps 19:8; 119:18, 72; 147:19, 20）。
MAURER 譯作「我律法中 許多 的事」，並不太好。
my law——與他們自己的發明相對。何西阿此處單單引用五經，反駁了那種認為有些更早的書面預言已經失傳的理論。
strange thing——彷彿一件與他們毫無相干的事。
英語原文
12. great things of . . . law--
(De 4:6, 8; Ps 19:8; 119:18, 72; 147:19, 20).
MAURER not so well translates, "the many things of My law."
my law--as opposed to their inventions. This reference of Hosea to the Pentateuch alone is against the theory that some earlier written prophecies have not come down to us.
strange thing--as if a thing with which they had nothing to do.
13
無題
繁體中文
13. sacrifices of mine offerings——意即他們獻給我的祭。
eat it——他們所追求的，不過是肉體的滿足，而不是我的榮耀。
now——意即「快了」。
shall return to Egypt——
（Ho 9:3, 6; 11:11）。
與
De 28:68
的威脅相同。他們為逃避亞述人（論到 猶大，參
Jer 42:1-44:30），
當亞述人傾覆他們國家之時，逃到那裏。但見
Ho 9:3
的註解。
英語原文
13. sacrifices of mine offerings--that is, which they offer to Me.
eat it--Their own carnal gratification is the object which they seek, not My honor.
now--that is, "speedily."
shall return to Egypt--
(Ho 9:3, 6; 11:11).
The same threat as in
De 28:68.
They fled thither to escape from the Assyrians (compare as to Judah,
Jer 42:1-44:30),
when these latter had overthrown their nation. But see on
Ho 9:3.
14
無題
繁體中文
14. forgotten . . . Maker——
（De 32:18）。
temples——指偶像的廟。
Judah . . . fenced cities——猶大雖然不如以色列那樣拜偶像，卻因倚靠堅固城過於倚靠耶和華，顯出對耶和華缺乏信心；猶大不與神和好，反倒加增人為的防禦
（Isa 22:8； Jer 5:17； Mic 5:10, 11）。
I will send . . . fire upon . . . cities——西拿基立燒毀了猶大除耶路撒冷以外的一切堅固城
（2Ki 18:13）。
palaces thereof——指那地的宮殿。論到耶路撒冷，參
Jer 17:27。
英語原文
14. forgotten . . . Maker--
(De 32:18).
temples--to idols.
Judah . . . fenced cities--Judah, though less idolatrous than Israel, betrayed lack of faith in Jehovah by trusting more to its fenced cities than to Him; instead of making peace with God, Judah multiplied human defenses
(Isa 22:8; Jer 5:17; Mic 5:10, 11).
I will send . . . fire upon . . . cities--Sennacherib burned all Judah's fenced cities except Jerusalem
(2Ki 18:13).
palaces thereof--namely, of the land. Compare as to Jerusalem,
Jer 17:27.
Ho 8:1-14.
預言亞述人的入侵，作為對以色列背道、拜偶像，以及未經神允許擅自立王的刑罰。
在
Ho 8:14，
說 Judah（猶大） 增築堅固城；在
Ho 8:7-9，
說以色列上亞述求救，自取大害。這最切合米拿現作位的時候。因為那時與他同時代的猶大烏西雅修築了堅固城
（2Ch 26:6, 9, 10）。
那時以色列也轉向亞述，並為其愚蠢之罪付出一千他連得銀子
（2Ki 15:19）
〔MAURER〕。
1. Set the trumpet，等等——為要警告敵人將至：「To thy palate（即口）
（Job 31:30，
Margin〔旁註〕）the trumpet」；這表達的突兀，正說明攻擊的突然。參
Ho 5:8。
as . . . eagle——指亞述人
（De 28:49； Jer 48:40； Hab 1:8）。
against . . . house of . . . Lord——不是指聖殿，而是指被視為 神的家 的以色列
（Ho 9:15； Nu 12:7； Zec 9:8； Heb 3:2； 1Ti 3:15； 1Pe 4:17）。