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Isa 47:1-15.
简体中文
英語原文
Isa 47:1-15. THE DESTRUCTION OF BABYLON IS REPRESENTED UNDER THE IMAGE OF A ROYAL VIRGIN BROUGHT DOWN IN A MOMENT FROM HER MAGNIFICENT THRONE TO THE EXTREME OF DEGRADATION.
1. in the dust--(See on
Isa 3:26;
Job 2:13; La 2:10).
virgin--that is, heretofore uncaptured [HERODOTUS, 1.191].
daughter of Babylon--Babylon and its inhabitants (see on
Isa 1:8;
Isa 37:22).
no throne--The seat of empire was transferred to Shushan. Alexander intended to have made Babylon his seat of empire, but Providence defeated his design. He soon died; and Seleucia, being built near, robbed it of its inhabitants, and even of its name, which was applied to Seleucia.
delicate--alluding to the effeminate debauchery and prostitution of all classes at banquets and religious rites [CURTIUS, 5.1; HERODOTUS, 1.199; BARUCH, 6.43].
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简体中文
2. 磨石——如同本地的手推磨（querns），即水磨、风磨发明之前所使用者：一块凸形石在配以承纳的凹形石中由人力转动，谷物在两石之间碾磨。在东方这是女奴的职务，极为卑下
（伯 31:10； 太 24:41）。
揭开你的头发——更确切为"摘下你的面纱"[HORSLEY]：或许也包括取下妇女鬓旁所编的辫发，那同样是遮盖
（林前 11:15）；
取下辫发与面纱乃是女性极度屈辱的记号。在东方，头部是女性端庄之所在；妇人的面庞很少、整个头颅几乎从不袒露（参见
赛 22:8
注释）。
露现腿——更确切为"提起（字面即"揭开"；提起衣裾时腿便露出）你的飘曳的衣裾"。在美索不达米亚，低层妇女有时需涉水渡河，便裸腿而过，或索性脱去衣裳泅渡。"你当以最卑贱的境况——如同奴仆一般趟水过河、打水等——换下你那华贵宽松的后服。"
露现……大腿——撩起长袍，以便涉水渡河。
英語原文
2. millstones--like the querns or hand-mills, found in this country, before the invention of water mills and windmills: a convex stone, made by the hand to turn in a concave stone, fitted to receive it, the corn being ground between them: the office of a female slave in the East; most degrading
(Job 31:10; Mt 24:41).
uncover thy locks--rather, "take off thy veil" [HORSLEY]: perhaps the removal of the plaited hair worn round the women's temples is included; it, too, is a covering
(1Co 11:15);
to remove it and the veil is the badge of the lowest female degradation; in the East the head is the seat of female modesty; the face of a woman is seldom, the whole head almost never, seen bare (see on
Isa 22:8).
make bare the leg--rather "lift up (literally, 'uncover'; as in lifting up the train the leg is uncovered) thy flowing train." In Mesopotamia, women of low rank, as occasion requires, wade across the rivers with stript legs, or else entirely put off their garments and swim across. "Exchange thy rich, loose, queenly robe, for the most abject condition, that of one going to and fro through rivers as a slave, to draw water," &c.
uncover . . . thigh--gather up the robe, so as to wade across.
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简体中文
3. 不……遇见……如人——更确切为"我不接见任何人"，即不容人来向我求情——不给任何人进见的机会[HORSLEY]。或作"在众人未灭尽之前，我不与任何人言和"。字面为"与……击掌"，源自在立约时彼此击掌的习俗[MAURER]，（参
箴 17:18
注释；
箴 22:26；
11:15，
旁注）。或源自在立约时宰杀祭牲之举。
英語原文
3. not meet . . . as a man--rather, "I will not meet a man," that is, suffer man to intercede with me--give man an audience [HORSLEY]. Or, "I will not make peace with any man," before all are destroyed. Literally, "strike a league with"; a phrase arising from the custom of striking hands together in making a compact [MAURER], (see on
Pr 17:18;
Pr 22:26; 11:15,
Margin). Or else from striking the victims sacrificed in making treaties.
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简体中文
4. 至于——更当补入"耶和华我们的救赎主如此说"[MAURER]。
LOWTH认为本节是合唱的赞美插入："我们的救赎主！万军之耶和华"等
（耶 50:34）。
英語原文
4. As for--rather supply, "Thus saith our Redeemer" [MAURER]. LOWTH supposes this verse to be the exclamation of a chorus breaking in with praises, "Our Redeemer! Jehovah of hosts," &c.
(Jer 50:34).
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简体中文
5. 坐下——即哀悼的姿态
（拉 9:4； 伯 2:13； 哀 2:10）。
黑暗——即哀悼与痛苦
（哀 3:2； 弥 7:8）。
列国的主母——即世界的主母
（赛 13:19）。
英語原文
5. Sit--the posture of mourning
(Ezr 9:4; Job 2:13; La 2:10).
darkness--mourning and misery
(La 3:2; Mic 7:8).
lady of kingdoms--mistress of the world
(Isa 13:19).
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简体中文
6. 神向巴比伦报仇的理由：她在执行神对其子民的旨意时，行了肆意的残忍
（赛 10:5
等； 耶 50:17； 51:33； 亚 1:15）。
玷污了我的产业——
（赛 43:28）。
老年人——连老人也被迦勒底人无视，他们一视同仁地加以残害
（哀 4:16； 5:12）
[ROSENMULLER]。或作"古时的"指以色列，因在较晚的历史阶段中饱受灾难而衰疲
（赛 46:4），
正如其较早的阶段称为"幼年"
（赛 54:6； 结 16:60）。
英語原文
6. reason for God's vengeance on Babylon: in executing God's will against His people, she had done so with wanton cruelty
(Isa 10:5, &c.; Jer 50:17; 51:33; Zec 1:15).
polluted my inheritance--
(Isa 43:28).
the ancient--Even old age was disregarded by the Chaldeans, who treated all alike with cruelty
(La 4:16; 5:12)
[ROSENMULLER]. Or, "the ancient" means Israel, worn out with calamities in the latter period of its history
(Isa 46:4),
as its earlier stage of history is called its "youth"
(Isa 54:6; Eze 16:60).
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简体中文
7. 以致——因你妄图永远为后的虚妄指望，你竟骄横到不信"这些事"（即关于你倾覆的事，
赛 47:1-5）
可能发生。
这事的结局——即你这骄横的结局，隐含在她"我必永远为主母"的话中。
英語原文
7. so that--Through thy vain expectation of being a queen for ever, thou didst advance to such a pitch of insolence as not to believe "these things" (namely, as to thy overthrow,
Isa 47:1-5)
possible.
end of it--namely, of thy insolence, implied in her words, "I shall be a lady for ever."
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简体中文
8. 好宴乐——（见
赛 47:1
注解）。
没有哪座城有如此多的纵欲诱因。
我……惟独我——
（赛 47:10）。
这是人口中狂傲的话；只适合独一的神
（赛 45:6）。
见
赛 5:8
后半。
寡妇……丧子——一个国家以女性为代表，当其覆亡时被称为寡妇，因其王已不复存在；又称无子，因它没有居民；他们都已被掳走
（赛 23:4; 54:1, 4, 5； 启 18:7, 8）。
英語原文
8. given to pleasures--(See on
Isa 47:1).
In no city were there so many incentives to licentiousness.
I am . . . none . . . beside me--
(Isa 47:10).
Language of arrogance in man's mouth; fitting for God alone
(Isa 45:6).
See
Isa 5:8,
latter part.
widow . . . loss of children--A state, represented as a female, when it has fallen is called a widow, because its king is no more; and childless, because it has no inhabitants; they having been carried off as captives
(Isa 23:4; 54:1, 4, 5; Re 18:7, 8).
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简体中文
9. 片刻之间——它不应慢慢衰败，而要突然出乎意料地被毁灭；在一夜之间被古列攻取。这预言在巴比伦背叛大流士时再次字面上应验；为要坚守到底，每人各选家族中一名女子，将其余的勒死，以节省粮食。大流士将三千名叛民刺穿。
极其——即「充分」。
因……因——应译为「尽管有……尽管」；「不顾」[LOWTH]。同样「因」
（民 14:11）。
巴比伦以「赎罪祭或祭物以及其他咒语，借此试图避祸得福」而闻名[DIODORUS SICULUS]。
英語原文
9. in a moment--It should not decay slowly, but be suddenly and unexpectedly destroyed; in a single night it was taken by Cyrus. The prophecy was again literally fulfilled when Babylon revolted against Darius; and, in order to hold out to the last, each man chose one woman of his family, and strangled the rest, to save provisions. Darius impaled three thousand of the revolters.
in . . . perfection--that is, "in full measure."
for . . . for--rather, "notwithstanding the . . . notwithstanding"; "in spite of" [LOWTH]. So "for"
(Nu 14:11).
Babylon was famous for "expiations or sacrifices, and other incantations, whereby they tried to avert evil and obtain good" [DIODORUS SICULUS].
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简体中文
10. 恶事——如
赛 13:11
中所述，巴比伦对待其属国的残忍。
没有人看见我——
（诗 10:11; 94:7）。
「没有人能向我讨罪。」罪人并不安全，尽管似乎隐秘。
你的智慧——占星术与政治
（赛 19:11等等，关于埃及）。
败坏你——使你偏离正道与安全的路。
英語原文
10. wickedness--as in
Isa 13:11,
the cruelty with which Babylon treated its subject states.
None seeth me--
(Ps 10:11; 94:7).
"There is none to exact punishment from me." Sinners are not safe, though seeming secret.
Thy wisdom--astrological and political
(Isa 19:11,
&c., as to Egypt).
perverted--turns thee aside from the right and safe path.
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简体中文
11. 从何而起——希伯来文「其黎明」，即其初升。灾祸要临到你，毫无预兆[ROSENMÜLLER]。 但dawn不用于「灾祸」，而用于苦难得解后的兴盛闪耀
（赛 21:12）。
译为「你看不见任何黎明」（纾解的）[MAURER]。
除去——应译为如栏注「借赎罪移去」；将是无止境的。
不知道——不知觉地：你所不预料的。证明你的占卜和占星术之虚妄
（伯 9:5； 诗 35:8）。
英語原文
11. from whence it riseth--Hebrew, "the dawn thereof," that is, its first rising. Evil shall come on thee without the least previous intimation [ROSENMULLER]. But dawn is not applied to "evil," but to prosperity shining out after misery
(Isa 21:12).
Translate, "Thou shall not see any dawn" (of alleviation) [MAURER].
put . . . off--rather, as Margin, "remove by expiation"; it shall be never ending.
not know--unawares: which thou dost not apprehend. Proving the fallacy of thy divinations and astrology
(Job 9:5; Ps 35:8).
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简体中文
12. 站起来——出来：向巴比伦的术士发出的讥诮挑战，看他们能否保卫他们的城。
劳碌——魔鬼的服事是劳苦却徒然的
（赛 55:2）。
英語原文
12. Stand--forth: a scornful challenge to Babylon's magicians to show whether they can defend their city.
laboured--The devil's service is a laborious yet fruitless one
(Isa 55:2).
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简体中文
13. 劳碌——（比较
赛 57:10； 结 24:12）。
观天象的——文字上，那些编造天的组合的人；观察星宿会合和对照的人。「天上配置的投掷者」[HORSLEY]。 GESENIUS 解释为：天的划分者。在算命时他们观察四个迹象：——命盘，即人出生时升起的迹象；天顶；命盘对面朝西的迹象；以及地底。
月朔的预言者——那些在每个新月借以声称预言将临之事的人。不可如英文译本连为「救……脱离这些事」云云；而应连为「他们在新月时从（借）它们（星宿）使人知道将临到你的事」[MAURER]。
英語原文
13. wearied--(compare
Isa 57:10; Eze 24:12).
astrologers--literally, those who form combinations of the heavens; who watch conjunctions and oppositions of the stars. "Casters of the configurations of the sky" [HORSLEY]. GESENIUS explains it: the dividers of the heavens. In casting a nativity they observed four signs:--the horoscope, or sign which arose at the time one was born; the mid-heaven; the sign opposite the horoscope towards the west; and the hypogee.
monthly prognosticators--those who at each new moon profess to tell thereby what is about to happen. Join, not as English Version, "save . . . from those things," &c.; but, "They that at new moons make known from (by means of) them the things that shall come upon thee" [MAURER].
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简体中文
14.
（赛 29:6; 30:30）。
没有……炭——如同碎秸，他们要烧成死灰，不留一块活炭或余烬（比较
赛 30:14），
他们要如此彻底被灭。
英語原文
14.
(Isa 29:6; 30:30).
not . . . a coal--Like stubble, they shall burn to a dead ash, without leaving a live coal or cinder (compare
Isa 30:14),
so utterly shall they be destroyed.
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简体中文
15. 这样云云——那些令你耗费如此多心血金钱的观天象者，下场必如此。
你的客商，从你幼年——即从你最早的历史以来与之通商的人，为贸易之故寄居巴比伦的外邦人
（赛 13:14； 耶 51:6, 9； 鸿 3:16, 17）
[BARNES]。更应译为观天象者，巴比伦与之有诸多往来
（赛 47:12-14）
[HORSLEY]。
各归本处——文字上「直往前」
（结 1:9, 12）。
外邦人，无论是占星者还是商人，都必从巴比伦逃回本地
（耶 50:16）。
英語原文
15. Thus, &c.--Such shall be the fate of those astrologers who cost thee such an amount of trouble and money.
thy merchants, from thy youth--that is, with whom thou hast trafficked from thy earliest history, the foreigners sojourning in Babylon for the sake of commerce
(Isa 13:14; Jer 51:6, 9; Na 3:16, 17)
[BARNES]. Rather, the astrologers, with whom Babylon had so many dealings
(Isa 47:12-14)
[HORSLEY].
to his quarter--literally, "straight before him"
(Eze 1:9, 12).
The foreigners, whether soothsayers or merchants, shall flee home out of Babylon
(Jer 50:16).
赛 47:1-15。
巴比伦的毁灭以一位皇家处女顷刻间从华美宝座坠入极尽羞辱之境的意象来描述。
1. 尘土中——（见
赛 3:26
的注释；
伯 2:13； 哀 2:10）。
处女——即迄今未被攻取的
[HERODOTUS, 1.191]。
巴比伦的闺女——即巴比伦及其居民（见
赛 1:8
的注释；
赛 37:22）。
不再有宝座——帝国的 seat 迁到了书珊。亚历山大本想以巴比伦为帝国首都，但上主挫败了他的计划。他不久即去世；Seleucia 在附近建成后，夺去了它的居民，甚至连它的名字也被挪用于 Seleucia。
极娇嫩——暗指在筵席和宗教仪式中各阶层人的 effeminate 放荡与淫乱
[CURTIUS, 5.1； HERODOTUS, 1.199； BARUCH, 6.43]。