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Isa 58:1-14.
简体中文
英語原文
Isa 58:1-14.
REPROOF OF THE JEWS FOR THEIR DEPENDENCE ON MERE OUTWARD FORMS OF WORSHIP.
1. aloud--Hebrew, "with the throat," that is, with full voice, not merely from the lips
(1Sa 1:13).
Speak loud enough to arrest attention.
my people--the Jews in Isaiah's time, and again in the time of our Lord, more zealous for externals than for inward holiness. ROSENMULLER thinks the reference to be to the Jews in the captivity practising their rites to gain God's favor and a release; and that hence, sacrifices are not mentioned, but only fasting and Sabbath observance, which they could keep though far away from the temple in Jerusalem. The same also applies to their present dispersion, in which they cannot offer sacrifices, but can only show their zeal in fastings, &c. Compare as to our Lord's time,
Mt 6:16, 23; Lu 18:12.
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简体中文
2. 句读当止于"道路"，将"好像……的国"以下与下文相连；"好像行义的邦国"正对应"他们求问我公义的判语"（即视拯救自己、毁灭仇敌为自己当得的公义之本分）；"不离弃他们神的律例"则对应"他们喜悦亲近神"（即愿神亲近，为他们并对付仇敌施行那些"公义的判语"）[MAURER]。
耶柔米（JEROME）亦如此解："他们仿佛存着无亏良心的确据，以圣徒的口吻要求公正的审判：耶和华啊，求你为我申冤，因我行事纯正。"如
玛 2:17
所言，他们装作对恶人逍遥法外感到愤慨，并诘难神的公义[HORSLEY]。如此，"天天寻求我，喜悦（钦定本译作'乐意'，不妥）知道我的道路"，是指他们质问神为何迟迟不来帮助他们。钦定本所给的亦是好的，只是意义不同：即破除一种错觉——以为神只满足于外表的礼仪，却任凭律法的精意被违背、内心未改变
（赛 58:3-14； 结 33:31, 32；
参
约 18:28），
即谨小慎微的礼仪与杀人并行。众先知是律法的注释者，他们视律法如大宪章（Magna Charta），按其内在精意而非仅字句来讲解。
英語原文
2. Put the stop at "ways"; and connect "as a nation that," &c. with what follows; "As a nation that did righteousness," thus answers to, "they ask of Me just judgments" (that is, as a matter of justice due to them, salvation to themselves, and destruction to their enemies); and "forsook not the ordinance of their God," answers to "they desire the drawing near of God" (that God would draw near to exercise those "just judgments" in behalf of them, and against their enemies) [MAURER]. So JEROME, "In the confidence, as it were, of a good conscience, they demand a just judgment, in the language of the saints: Judge me, O Lord, for I have walked in mine integrity." So in
Mal 2:17,
they affect to be scandalized at the impunity of the wicked, and impugn God's justice [HORSLEY]. Thus, "seek Me daily, and desire (English Version not so well, 'delight') to know My ways," refers to their requiring to know why God delayed so long in helping them. English Version gives a good, though different sense; namely, dispelling the delusion that God would be satisfied with outward observances, while the spirit of the law, was violated and the heart unchanged
(Isa 58:3-14; Eze 33:31, 32;
compare
Joh 18:28),
scrupulosity side by side with murder. The prophets were the commentators on the law, as their Magna Charta, in its inward spirit and not the mere letter.
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简体中文
3. 说云云——这是犹太人的话："我们禁食，你为何不看见"（即不拯救我们）？他们以为可以借禁食使神对他们有义务
（诗 73:13； 玛 3:14）。
刻苦……心——
（利 16:29）。
看哪——这是神的回答。
求欢乐——与他们所夸"刻苦己心"恰成对比；其实他们不过是外表作态，内里却在享乐。GESENIUS译作"事务"，并不妥当。
勒索……劳碌——更确切为"欺压性的劳役"[MAURER]。
HORSLEY取武加大译本之意，译作"把一切都向你的债户索取"，即向你欠他们劳力的人索讨
（尼 5:1-5, 8-10
等）。
英語原文
3. Wherefore--the words of the Jews: "Why is it that, when we fast, Thou dost not notice it" (by delivering us)? They think to lay God under obligation to their fasting
(Ps 73:13; Mal 3:14).
afflicted . . . soul--
(Le 16:29).
Behold--God's reply.
pleasure--in antithesis to their boast of having "afflicted their soul"; it was only in outward show they really enjoyed themselves. GESENIUS not so well translates, "business."
exact . . . labours--rather, "oppressive labors" [MAURER]. HORSLEY, with Vulgate, translates, "Exact the whole upon your debtors"; those who owe you labor
(Ne 5:1-5, 8-10,
&c.).
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简体中文
4. 你们不可禁食——更确切为"你们此时不禁食，以致你们的声音不能上闻于天"，即你们禁食的目的在于争斗，并非为得神的垂听[MAURER]
（王上 21:9, 12, 13）。
在英文译本中，意义是：你们若愿蒙神悦纳，就不可如现在这样禁食，使你们的声音在争斗中上达。
英語原文
4. ye shall not fast--rather, "ye do not fast at this time, so as to make your voice to be heard on high," that is, in heaven; your aim in fasting is strife, not to gain the ear of God [MAURER]
(1Ki 21:9, 12, 13).
In English Version the sense is, If you wish acceptance with God, ye must not fast as ye now do, to make your voice heard high in strife.
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简体中文
5. 人……刻苦己心——禁食所感到的痛苦并非当求的目的，仿佛它有功劳可言；它只在引导我们改过之时才有价值
（赛 58:6, 7）。
弯下……头……麻布——即装出外表的记号，为要"在人面前显得禁食"
（太 6:17, 18； 王上 21:27； 斯 4:3）。
英語原文
5. for a man to afflict his soul--The pain felt by abstinence is not the end to be sought, as if it were meritorious; it is of value only in so far as it leads us to amend our ways
(Isa 58:6, 7).
bow . . . head . . . sackcloth--to affect the outward tokens, so as to "appear to men to fast"
(Mt 6:17, 18; 1Ki 21:27; Es 4:3).
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简体中文
6. 松开……凶恶的绳——即解除人用以不义地捆绑同胞的一切束缚
（利 25:49
等）。奴役、欺诈的契约等。
解开……重担——希伯来文为"松开轭的绳索"。
被欺压的——字面为"破碎的人"。"使他们自由"一语暗示所指为那些被奴役之轭"压碎"的人
（尼 5:10-12； 耶 34:9-11, 14, 16）。
耶柔米（JEROME）解为因贫穷而破碎；即破产者。
英語原文
6. loose . . . bands of wickedness--that is, to dissolve every tie wherewith one has unjustly bound his fellow men
(Le 25:49,
&c.). Servitude, a fraudulent contract, &c.
undo . . . heavy burdens--Hebrew, "loose the bands of the yoke."
oppressed--literally, "the broken." The expression, "to let go free," implies that those "broken" with the yoke of slavery, are meant
(Ne 5:10-12; Jer 34:9-11, 14, 16).
JEROME interprets it, broken with poverty; bankrupt.
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简体中文
7. 分给——周济
（伯 31:16-21）。
赶逐——更当为"沦为贫乏"[HORSLEY]。
赤身……遮盖他——
（太 25:36）。
掩面不顾——意即对他们冷漠疏远，在他们贫穷时不肯救济
（太 15:5）。
骨肉——亲属
（创 29:14）。
也是同为亚当后裔的弟兄，以及在基督里的弟兄
（雅 2:15）。
英語原文
7. deal--distribute
(Job 31:16-21).
cast out--rather, reduced [HORSLEY].
naked . . . cover him--
(Mt 25:36).
hide . . . thyself--means to be strange towards them, and not to relieve them in their poverty
(Mt 15:5).
flesh--kindred
(Ge 29:14).
Also brethren in common descent from Adam, and brethren in Christ
(Jas 2:15).
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简体中文
8. 光——兴盛的象征
（赛 58:10； 伯 11:17）。
健康——文字上指外科医生用来治疗伤口的长绷带（比较
赛 1:6）。
因此指从过去一切灾祸中得恢复。
在你前面行——你对圣约的顺服如同引路者，引导你进入平安与繁荣。
荣耀……赏赐——如同云柱火柱，就是神的「荣耀」的象征，在以色列人后面行，将他们与追击的埃及人隔开
（赛 52:12； 出 14:19, 20）。
英語原文
8. light--emblem of prosperity
(Isa 58:10; Job 11:17).
health--literally, a long bandage, applied by surgeons to heal a wound (compare
Isa 1:6).
Hence restoration from all past calamities.
go before thee--Thy conformity to the divine covenant acts as a leader, conducting thee to peace and prosperity.
glory . . . reward--like the pillar of cloud and fire, the symbol of God's "glory," which went behind Israel, separating them from their Egyptian pursuers
(Isa 52:12; Ex 14:19, 20).
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简体中文
9. 那时……呼求……应允——当罪被弃绝之时
（赛 65:24）。
当主的呼召不被听从时，他必不听我们的「呼求」
（诗 66:18； 箴 1:24, 28; 15:29; 28:9）。
指头指画——指着诚实敬虔人的嘲弄指头。罗马人如此用中指。
说虚妄的话——一切伤人的言语[LOWTH]。
英語原文
9. Then . . . call . . . answer--when sin is renounced
(Isa 65:24).
When the Lord's call is not hearkened to, He will not hear our "call"
(Ps 66:18; Pr 1:24, 28; 15:29; 28:9).
putting forth of . . . finger--the finger of scorn pointed at simple-minded godly men. The middle finger was so used by the Romans.
speaking vanity--every injurious speech [LOWTH].
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简体中文
10. 心向……伸出——「分出你自己的养生之物」，或「食物」[HORSLEY]。「心」借喻为「你用以养心之物」，即「生命」。
光……在幽暗——灾祸必突然被兴盛所接替
（诗 112:4）。
英語原文
10. draw out thy soul--"impart of thine own subsistence," or "sustenance" [HORSLEY]. "Soul" is figurative for "that wherewith thou sustainest thy soul," or "life."
light . . . in obscurity--Calamities shall be suddenly succeeded by prosperity
(Ps 112:4).
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简体中文
11. 在干旱之地使……满足——
（赛 41:17, 18）。
文字上「干旱」，即焦旱之地[MAURER]。
滋润——应译为「坚固」[NOYES]。「使你骨头自由使用」[JEROME]，或「使你力量自由使用」[HORSLEY]。
浇灌的园子——东方幸福之画面。
不缺乏——希伯来文「不欺骗」；如同令原本指望按旧例找到水的商队失望的溪流，却找到干涸的
（伯 6:15-17）。
英語原文
11. satisfy . . . in drought--
(Isa 41:17, 18).
Literally, "drought," that is, parched places [MAURER].
make fat--rather, "strengthen" [NOYES]. "Give thee the free use of thy bones" [JEROME], or, "of thy strength" [HORSLEY].
watered garden--an Oriental picture of happiness.
fail not--Hebrew, "deceive not"; as streams that disappoint the caravan which had expected to find water, as formerly, but find it dried up
(Job 6:15-17).
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简体中文
12. 那些……出于你的——你的百姓，以色列人。
久已荒废之地——耶路撒冷久已的废墟
（赛 61:4； 结 36:33-36）。
历代破落的根基——即倒废达根基、多代之久的建筑物；在平行经文
（赛 61:4）
中称为「先前荒凉之地」；在本节前句为「久已荒废之地」。指以色列字面上和属灵上的复兴，要在地上结出同样蒙福的果子
（摩 9:11, 12； 徒 15:16, 17）。
必称为——恰如其分地：名副其实地指明你将要作的事。
破口——神因以色列的罪所降的灾
（赛 30:26； 代上 15:13）。
人居的道——非道可居住，而是通往住处的道路要被修复；「道，以便在那地居住」[MAURER]。
英語原文
12. they . . . of thee--thy people, the Israelites.
old waste places--the old ruins of Jerusalem
(Isa 61:4; Eze 36:33-36).
foundations of many generations--that is, the buildings which had lain in ruins, even to their foundations, for many ages; called in the parallel passage
(Isa 61:4),
"the former desolations"; and in the preceding clause here, "the old waste places." The literal and spiritual restoration of Israel is meant, which shall produce like blessed results on the Gentile world
(Am 9:11, 12; Ac 15:16, 17).
be called--appropriately: the name truly designating what thou shalt do.
breach--the calamity wherewith God visited Israel for their sin
(Isa 30:26; 1Ch 15:13).
paths to dwell in--not that the paths were to be dwelt in, but the paths leading to their dwellings were to be restored; "paths, so as to dwell in the land" [MAURER].
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简体中文
13.
（赛 56:2； 尼 13:15-22）。
安息日即使在新约之下仍当遵守
（赛 66:23）。
脚——行动的工具（比较
箴 4:27）；
人不可在安息日为消遣而旅行
（徒 1:12）。
犹太人被禁止在安息日走得比会幕或圣殿更远。你若保守你的脚不行自己的路、「随自己的意思」云云
（出 20:10, 11）。
我圣日——神视之为他的日子；拿来为自己的享乐就是夺取他自己的。这正是安息日最常被违犯的方式；它被当作属肉体的享乐之日，而非属灵的「喜乐」。
耶和华的圣——非谓语，而是主语；「你若称耶和华的圣（日）为可尊重的」；你若视它为当尊重的日子。
他——或作它，安息日。
不随……自己的路——与「调转你的脚步离开安息日」相应。
不求……喜悦——与「随自己的意思」相应。「以闲懒守安息日是牛驴的安息日；以欢乐度过是金牛犊的安息日，那时百姓坐下吃喝，起来玩耍；以暴饮暴食和放纵守安息日是撒但的安息日，魔鬼的节日」[BISHOP ANDREWES]。
不说……话——与「称安息日为喜乐……可尊重的」相应。人「自己的话」会「称」它为「烦琐」；是从上赐下的属灵本性「称它为喜乐」
（摩 8:5； 玛 1:13）。
英語原文
13.
(Isa 56:2; Ne 13:15-22).
The Sabbath, even under the new dispensation, was to be obligatory
(Isa 66:23).
foot--the instrument of motion (compare
Pr 4:27);
men are not to travel for mere pleasure on the Sabbath
(Ac 1:12).
The Jews were forbidden to travel on it farther than the tabernacle or temple. If thou keep thy foot from going on thy own ways and "doing thy pleasure," &c.
(Ex 20:10, 11).
my holy day--God claims it as His day; to take it for our pleasure is to rob Him of His own. This is the very way in which the Sabbath is mostly broken; it is made a day of carnal pleasure instead of spiritual "delight."
holy of the Lord--not the predicate, but the subject; "if thou call the holy (day) of Jehovah honorable"; if thou treat it as a day to be honored.
him--or else, it, the Sabbath.
not doing . . . own way--answering to, "turn away thy foot from the Sabbath."
nor finding . . . pleasure--answering to, "doing thy pleasure." "To keep the Sabbath in an idle manner is the sabbath of oxen and asses; to pass it in a jovial manner is the sabbath of the golden calf, when the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose again to play; to keep it in surfeiting and wantonness is the sabbath of Satan, the devil's holiday" [BISHOP ANDREWES].
nor speaking . . . words--answering to, "call Sabbath a delight . . . honorable." Man's "own words" would "call" it a "weariness"; it is the spiritual nature given from above which "calls it a delight"
(Am 8:5; Mal 1:13).
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简体中文
14. 以……主为乐——神按相同原则赏赐，正如他按相同原则刑罚。我们若以遵守神的「安息日」为「乐」，神也必使我们以他自己为「乐」
（创 15:1； 伯 22:21-26； 诗 37:4）。
乘在……高处——我必使你作那地的至高主宰；这用语取自征服者乘坐战车、占据一国之山岗和要塞之意象[VITRINGA]，
（申 32:13； 弥 1:3； 哈 3:19）。
犹大是山地；故此意为「我必恢复你归回故土」[CALVIN]。平行词「雅各的产业」证实了这一点
（创 27:28, 29; 28:13-15）。
耶和华的口……已说了——一种格式语，用以向人保证神所立的任何庄严应许必得应验
（赛 40:5）。
英語原文
14. delight . . . in . . . Lord--God rewards in kind, as He punishes in kind. As we "delight" in keeping God's "Sabbath," so God will give us "delight" in Himself
(Ge 15:1; Job 22:21-26; Ps 37:4).
ride upon . . . high places--I will make thee supreme lord of the land; the phrase is taken from a conqueror riding in his chariot, and occupying the hills and fastnesses of a country [VITRINGA],
(De 32:13; Mic 1:3; Hab 3:19).
Judea was a land of hills; the idea thus is, "I will restore thee to thine own land" [CALVIN]. The parallel words, "heritage of Jacob," confirm this
(Ge 27:28, 29; 28:13-15).
mouth of . . . Lord . . . spoken it--a formula to assure men of the fulfilment of any solemn promise which God has made
(Isa 40:5).
赛 58:1-14。
责备犹太人只靠外表的敬拜形式。
1. 大声——希伯来文作"用喉咙"，即用充分的声音，不只是从嘴唇
（撒上 1:13）。
当说得响亮，足以引起注意。
我的百姓——以赛亚时代的犹太人，以及我们主时代的犹太人，都热心外表过于内心的圣洁。ROSENMULLER 认为这是指被掳中的犹太人，他们履行礼仪以求神的恩惠和释放；因此此处没有提到献祭，只提到禁食和守安息日，这些他们虽远离耶路撒冷圣殿仍能遵守。这也适用于他们现今的分散，他们不能献祭，只能在禁食等事上显出热心。比较主的时代，
太 6:16, 23； 路 18:12。