1
Jud 18:1-26.
简体中文
英語原文
Jud 18:1-26.
THE DANITES SEEK OUT AN INHERITANCE.
1-6. In those days . . . the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in--The Danites had a territory assigned them as well as the other tribes. But either through indolence, or a lack of energy, they did not acquire the full possession of their allotment, but suffered a considerable portion of it to be wrested out of their hands by the encroachments of their powerful neighbors, the Philistines. In consequence, being straitened for room, a considerable number resolved on trying to effect a new and additional settlement in a remote part of the land. A small deputation, being despatched to reconnoitre the country, arrived on their progress northward at the residence of Micah. Recognizing his priest as one of their former acquaintances, or perhaps by his provincial dialect, they eagerly enlisted his services in ascertaining the result of their present expedition. His answer, though apparently promising, was delusive, and really as ambiguous as those of the heathen oracles. This application brings out still more clearly and fully than the schism of Micah the woeful degeneracy of the times. The Danites expressed no emotions either of surprise or of indignation at a Levite daring to assume the priestly functions, and at the existence of a rival establishment to that of Shiloh. They were ready to seek, through means of the teraphim, the information that could only be lawfully applied for through the high priest's Urim. Being thus equally erroneous in their views and habits as Micah, they show the low state of religion, and how much superstition prevailed in all parts of the land.
7
無題
简体中文
7-10. 五个人走了，到了拉亿——或作「利善」
（书19:47），
据推测是西顿人的殖民地。这地方十分偏僻，土壤肥沃、出产丰盛；居民务农为业，在富饶隐秘的谷中按西顿人安逸安稳的方式过活，彼此相安，与外界几乎没有往来。但族的探子发现了这个北方的乐园，喜出望外，以为是祭司预言的应验。他们急忙回去，将所发现的宝物之价值、以及如何轻易将其据为己有，告诉南方的同胞。
英語原文
7-10. the five men departed, and came to Laish--or, "Leshem"
(Jos 19:47),
supposed to have been peopled by a colony of Zidonians. The place was very secluded--the soil rich in the abundance and variety of its produce, and the inhabitants, following the peaceful pursuits of agriculture, lived in their fertile and sequestered valley, according to the Zidonian style of ease and security, happy among themselves, and maintaining little or no communication with the rest of the world. The discovery of this northern paradise seemed, to the delight of the Danite spies, an accomplishment of the priest's prediction. They hastened back to inform their brethren in the south both of the value of their prize, and how easily it could be made their prey.
11
無題
简体中文
11-21. 但族……六百人从那里出去——这是配备兵器、参与这次征伐行动的男丁总数，并不包括移民的家眷与家什
（士18:21）。
他们经过犹大境内，第一处歇脚之地在基列耶琳「后面」，即西边，那地方后来称为「但营」。他们沿北线进发，绕过以法莲山地的山脚。临近米迦住所一带时，探子们告知那里有一私家圣所，那里的祭司在他们探路时曾大力相助；众人一致认为，无论是这位祭司还是其中的陈设，对他们将要建立的居所都是宝贵的收获。劫掠之计立时定下。武装的人在门口站岗，五名探子闯入圣堂，劫走神像与圣衣，又以诱人的条件收买了祭司，使他转而事奉他们的新殖民地。他接手以弗得、神像和雕刻的像，「走在百姓中间」——这位于队伍中央的位置，或许是为他自身的安全；但更可能是仿照旷野行军时祭司与约柜在会众各支派中间所安排的位置。这次偷盗呈现出低劣道德与强烈宗教感情的奇特混杂。但人正体现了人性中根深蒂固的一项原则——人有宗教感情，必须有对象来运用；而他们在选择对象上往往并不太加分辨。宗教对人心的影响力越薄弱，外在仪式便越被看重；而良心在严格遵守这些仪式时便完全满足，几乎从不会因破坏了次要的道德而受搅扰。
英語原文
11-21. there went from thence of the family of the Danites . . . six hundred men--This was the collective number of the men who were equipped with arms to carry out this expeditionary enterprise, without including the families and furniture of the emigrants
(Jud 18:21).
Their journey led them through the territory of Judah, and their first halting place was "behind," that is, on the west of Kirjath-jearim, on a spot called afterwards "the camp of Dan." Prosecuting the northern route, they skirted the base of the Ephraimite hills. On approaching the neighborhood of Micah's residence, the spies having given information that a private sanctuary was kept there, the priest of which had rendered them important service when on their exploring expedition, it was unanimously agreed that both he and the furniture of the establishment would be a valuable acquisition to their proposed settlement. A plan of spoliation was immediately formed. While the armed men stood sentinels at the gates, the five spies broke into the chapel, pillaged the images and vestments, and succeeded in bribing the priest also by a tempting offer to transfer his services to their new colony. Taking charge of the ephod, the teraphim, and the graven image, he "went in the midst of the people"--a central position assigned him in the march, perhaps for his personal security; but more probably in imitation of the place appointed for the priests and the ark, in the middle of the congregated tribes, on the marches through the wilderness. This theft presents a curious medley of low morality and strong religious feeling. The Danites exemplified a deep-seated principle of our nature--that men have religious affections, which must have an object on which these may be exercised, while they are often not very discriminating in the choice of the objects. In proportion to the slender influence religion wields over the heart, the greater is the importance attached to external rites; and in the exact observance of these, the conscience is fully satisfied, and seldom or never molested by reflections on the breach of minor morals.
22
無題
简体中文
22-26. 米迦住宅近处的那些人都聚集——抢圣堂的人很快被察觉；米迦随即率领相当数目的随从展开激烈追击。他们如此乐于参与夺回失物，可推测这圣堂的好处原是向邻近众人开放的；而米迦像拉班那样看重他的神像，可从他追贼之急切、以及冒险要夺回神像的性命之险中看出。然而他发现自己的队伍敌不过但人，便明智地罢手；他深知当时遍地所盛行的法则：
「能夺的便夺，
能守的便守。」
英語原文
22-26. the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together--The robbers of the chapel being soon detected, a hot pursuit was forthwith commenced by Micah, at the head of a considerable body of followers. The readiness with which they joined in the attempt to recover the stolen articles affords a presumption that the advantages of the chapel had been open to all in the neighborhood; and the importance which Micah, like Laban, attached to his teraphim, is seen by the urgency with which he pursued the thieves, and the risk of his life in attempting to procure their restoration. Finding his party, however, not a match for the Danites, he thought it prudent to desist, well knowing the rule which was then prevalent in the land, that
"They should take who had the power,
And they should keep who could."
27
Jud 18:27-29.
简体中文
Jud 18:27-29。
他们攻克拉亿。
27. 他们……到了拉亿……击杀了——即击杀那里的居民。
用火焚烧那城——「我们对这一入侵、屠戮一个太平安居之民的行径感到厌恶。然而，当初迦南之地的赐予以色列人，若给予了他们神圣的差遣与命令来行此举，那便是这一切得以成圣、得以合法的依据」〔查尔默斯〕。
这地方看来是西顿的附属城邑；但因距离遥远，在这突发的急难中无法得到西顿的援助。
英語原文
Jud 18:27-29.
THEY WIN LAISH.
27. they . . . came unto Laish . . . smote them--the inhabitants.
and burnt the city--"We are revolted by this inroad and massacre of a quiet and secure people. Nevertheless, if the original grant of Canaan to the Israelites gave them the warrant of a divine commission and command for this enterprise, that sanctifies all and legalizes all" [CHALMERS]. This place seems to have been a dependency of Zidon, the distance of which, however, rendered it impossible to obtain aid thence in the sudden emergency.
28
無題
简体中文
28、29. 他们重建了那城，……起名叫但——该城在全地的最北端，因此有了「从但到别是巴」这一说法的由来。
英語原文
28, 29. they built a city, and . . . call the name of that city Dan--It was in the northern extremity of the land, and hence the origin of the phrase, "from Dan to Beer-sheba."
30
Jud 18:30, 31.
简体中文
Jud 18:30、31。
他们设立偶像崇拜。
30、31. 但人就为自己设立那雕刻的像——他们离以色列其余的人远，与外界隔绝；无疑，这正是他们不去示罗的借口，也是偶像崇拜在他们中间延续了多个世代的原因。
英語原文
Jud 18:30, 31.
THEY SET UP IDOLATRY.
30, 31. the children of Dan set up the graven image--Their distance secluded them from the rest of the Israelites, and doubtless this, which was their apology for not going to Shiloh, was the cause of perpetuating idolatry among them for many generations.
Jud 18:1-26.
但人寻求产业。
1-6. 那时……但人寻得可居住的产业——但支派与其他支派一样，也分得了一块地业。但他们或因懒惰，或因缺少活力，并未完全取得所分之地，反倒因强邻非利士人的蚕食，被夺去相当一部分。结果因地域狭迫，就有相当数目的人决心在远方另觅一处新的居所。他们派出了一小队人前去侦察全境，途中北上，到了米迦的住所。他们认出米迦的祭司是旧识，或许因他的乡音，便热切地请他为眼前这趟征途占卜结果。他的回答看似美好，实为虚谎，如同异教神谕一般模棱两可。这一举动比米迦的分裂之举更清楚、更充分地显出当时可悲的堕落。但支派对一个利未人竟敢僭取祭司职分、对设立一个与示罗相抗衡的祭坛，既不惊讶，也不愤慨。他们竟想借着神像去寻求那些只能借着大祭司的乌陵才可合法求问的信息。由此可见，他们与米迦在观念与习惯上同样错误，显出宗教的低落，以及迷信在遍地盛行。