1
Jud 1:1-3.
繁體中文
英語原文
Jud 1:1-3.
THE ACTS OF JUDAH AND SIMEON.
1. Now after the death of Joshua--probably not a long period, for the Canaanites seem to have taken advantage of that event to attempt recovering their lost position, and the Israelites were obliged to renew the war.
the children of Israel asked the Lord--The divine counsel on this, as on other occasions, was sought by Urim and Thummim, by applying to the high priest, who, according to JOSEPHUS, was Phinehas.
saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first--The elders, who exercised the government in their respective tribes, judged rightly, that in entering upon an important expedition, they should have a leader nominated by divine appointment; and in consulting the oracle, they adopted a prudent course, whether the object of their inquiry related to the choice of an individual commander, or to the honor of precedency among the tribes.
2
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繁體中文
2. 耶和華說，猶大當先上去——所預言的超越地位
（創49:8）
就這樣由神的指示賜給了猶大；指定猶大在即將到來的戰事中帶頭，意義重大，因為猶大兵鋒的得勝程度，將激勵其他支派也在各自境內對迦南人作類似的嘗試。
我已將那地交在他手中——並非指全境，而是指分給他為業的那片地方。
英語原文
2. the Lord said, Judah shall go up--The predicted pre-eminence
(Ge 49:8)
was thus conferred upon Judah by divine direction, and its appointment to take the lead in the ensuing hostilities was of great importance, as the measure of success by which its arms were crowned, would animate the other tribes to make similar attempts against the Canaanites within their respective territories.
I have delivered the land into his hand--not the whole country, but the district assigned for his inheritance.
3
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繁體中文
3. 猶大對他弟兄西緬說，請你與我同上……我們可以攻擊迦南人——他們是接壤的支派
（書19:1、2），
利害相同，自然在這事業上結為夥伴。
英語原文
3. Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me . . ., that we may fight against the Canaanites--Being conterminous tribes
(Jos 19:1, 2),
they had a common interest, and were naturally associated in this enterprise.
4
Jud 1:4-21.
繁體中文
Jud 1:4-21.
亞多尼比色受到公義的報應。
英語原文
Jud 1:4-21.
ADONI-BEZEK JUSTLY REQUITED.
5
無題
繁體中文
5、6. 比色——這地在猶大境內，耶路撒冷以南約十二英里。
遇見亞多尼比色——即「比色之主」。他是「被遇見」，即在陣前被突襲擊潰，落荒而逃；但他既被擒，便受到以色列人少見的嚴酷對待：他們「砍斷他手腳的大拇指」。古時對戰俘常施各種酷刑，而切斷手足拇指的目的，是使他們從此再也不能服兵役。若非有理由相信這是以色列人作為報應的公義之舉，對這位迦南首領施加如此駭人的酷刑，便是以色列人品格上的污點。亞多尼比色本人也視之為報應，他的良心從所受的刑罰中讀出了自己從前所行的滔天大罪。
英語原文
5, 6. Bezek--This place lay within the domain of Judah, about twelve miles south of Jerusalem.
found Adoni-bezek--that is, "lord of Bezek"--he was "found," that is, surprised and routed in a pitched battle, whence he fled; but being taken prisoner, he was treated with a severity unusual among the Israelites, for they "cut off his thumbs and great toes." Barbarities of various kinds were commonly practised on prisoners of war in ancient times, and the object of this particular mutilation of the hands and feet was to disable them for military service ever after. The infliction of such a horrid cruelty on this Canaanite chief would have been a foul stain on the character of the Israelites if there were not reason for believing it was done by them as an act of retributive justice, and as such it was regarded by Adoni-bezek himself, whose conscience read his atrocious crimes in their punishment.
7
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繁體中文
7. 七十個王——若想到古時每一座城或大鎮的統治者都稱為王，如此大數便不奇怪。在迦南南部那一帶，早先可能還不止此數，直到像亞多尼比色這樣野心勃勃的梟雄，因貪得無厭而將其逐一吞併。
英語原文
7. Threescore and ten kings--So great a number will not appear strange, when it is considered that anciently every ruler of a city or large town was called a king. It is not improbable that in that southern region of Canaan, there might, in earlier times, have been even more till a turbulent chief like Adoni-bezek devoured them in his insatiable ambition.
8
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繁體中文
8. 猶大人攻打耶路撒冷，將城攻取——這座重要城邑的攻取，屬入侵戰爭早期事件之一
（書15:63），
此處提及是為了說明它為何在猶大人手中；他們把亞多尼比色帶到那裏
[士1:7]，
大概是要使他的下場如此廣為人知，遠近都生畏懼。猶大業中其他未征服之地，也遭受了類似的入侵
[士1:9-11]。
迦勒取得希伯崙的故事，在此重述
（書15:16-19）。
[參見
書15:16的註釋。]
英語原文
8. Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it--The capture of this important city, which ranks among the early incidents in the war of invasion
(Jos 15:63),
is here noticed to account for its being in the possession of the Judahites; and they brought Adoni-bezek thither
[Jud 1:7],
in order, probably, that his fate being rendered so public, might inspire terror far and wide. Similar inroads were made into the other unconquered parts of Judah's inheritance
[Jud 1:9-11].
The story of Caleb's acquisition of Hebron is here repeated
(Jos 15:16-19).
[See on
Jos 15:16.]
16
無題
繁體中文
16. 摩西的內兄是基尼族的子孫，他們從棕樹城和猶大人一同上去——稱為「基尼族」，可能是因為他們源自同名之民
(Nu 24:21, 22)。
摩西本人縱或不能，他的後裔卻接受了摩西的邀請
(Nu 10:32)，
與以色列人同往迦南。他們最初的營地是在「棕樹城」——當然不是耶利哥，因那城已被徹底毀滅，而是其周圍的地區，可能是隱基底，古時稱為哈洗遜他瑪
(Ge 14:7)，
因有棕櫚樹林遮蔽而得名。他們因某種未知的原因從那裡遷移，並與猶大支派聯合，參與了攻擊迦南南部亞拉得的遠征
(Nu 21:1)。
那地區被征服之後，這個遊牧民族中有些人便在那裡支搭帳棚，另一些人則遷往北方
(Jud 4:17)。
英語原文
16. the children of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah--called "the Kenite," as probably descended from the people of that name
(Nu 24:21, 22).
If he might not himself, his posterity did accept the invitation of Moses
(Nu 10:32)
to accompany the Israelites to Canaan. Their first encampment was in the "city of palm trees"--not Jericho, of course, which was utterly destroyed, but the surrounding district, perhaps En-gedi, in early times called Hazezon-tamar
(Ge 14:7),
from the palm-grove which sheltered it. Thence they removed for some unknown cause, and associating themselves with Judah, joined in an expedition against Arad, in the southern part of Canaan
(Nu 21:1).
On the conquest of that district, some of this pastoral people pitched their tents there, while others migrated to the north
(Jud 4:17).
17
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繁體中文
17-29. 猶大就與他的弟兄西緬同去——敘事在此從
Jud 1:9
處繼續，記述猶大回報西緬的協助
(Jud 1:3)，
在鄰近支派的境內繼續進行戰爭。
殺滅了住西弗的迦南人——即洗法他
(2Ch 14:10)，
位於迦南南部的一個谷地。
何珥瑪——這城的毀滅，是為了應驗以色列人早先所許的願（參
Nu 21:2)。
這兩個結盟的支派在那個方向繼續推進，相繼來到迦薩、亞實基倫和以革倫，並將其攻取。但非利士人似乎很快就重新奪回了這些城邑。
英語原文
17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--The course of the narrative is here resumed from
Jud 1:9,
and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon
(Jud 1:3),
by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes.
slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--or Zephathah
(2Ch 14:10),
a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan.
Hormah--destroyed in fulfilment of an early vow of the Israelites (see on
Nu 21:2).
The confederate tribes, pursuing their incursions in that quarter, came successively to Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron, which they took. But the Philistines seem soon to have regained possession of these cities.
19
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繁體中文
19. 耶和華與猶大同在；……只是不能趕出谷地的居民——這戰爭是屬乎耶和華的，祂的全能之助本可確保他們在每一次交鋒中——無論在山上或在平原，對抗步兵或騎兵——都得勝。使他們懼怕鐵車的，是不信，是對神應許缺少單純而堅定的倚靠（參
Jos 11:4-9)。
英語原文
19. the Lord was with Judah; . . . but they could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley--The war was of the Lord, whose omnipotent aid would have ensured their success in every encounter, whether on the mountains or the plains, with foot soldiers or cavalry. It was distrust, the want of a simple and firm reliance on the promise of God, that made them afraid of the iron chariots (see on
Jos 11:4-9).
21
無題
繁體中文
21. 便雅憫人沒有趕出住耶路撒冷的耶布斯人——猶大支派已將自己那部分耶路撒冷的居民逐出
(Jud 1:8)。
這兩個支派的邊界貫穿這城——以色列人和原住民必定緊密混居。
英語原文
21. the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem--Judah had expelled the people from their part of Jerusalem
(Jud 1:8).
The border of the two tribes ran through the city--Israelites and natives must have been closely intermingled.
22
Jud 1:22-26.
繁體中文
Jud 1:22-26.
留下了一些迦南人。
22, 23. 約瑟家——指以法蓮支派，有別於瑪拿西
(Jud 1:27)。
英語原文
Jud 1:22-26.
SOME CANAANITES LEFT.
22, 23. the house of Joseph--the tribe of Ephraim, as distinguished from Manasseh
(Jud 1:27).
24
無題
繁體中文
24. 探子……說：……求你將……進城的路口指給我們——即通往城裡的各條要道，以及城牆最薄弱的部分。
我們必恩待你——以色列人可以使用這些方法奪取一座神已定意歸他們的城市：他們可以應許這人存活並得賞賜，儘管他和所有的迦南人都注定要滅亡
(Jos 2:12-14)；
但我們可以假定，這應許是附帶條件的——他要麼接受真信仰，要麼離開那地，正如他所行的。如果他們見他堅決反對這兩條出路中的任何一條，他們便不會用應許或威脅來強迫他出賣同胞。但如果他們發現他樂意效力，願意協助入侵者執行神的旨意，他們便可以應許保全他的性命。
英語原文
24. the spies . . . said, . . . Show us, . . . the entrance into the city--that is, the avenues to the city, and the weakest part of the walls.
we will show thee mercy--The Israelites might employ these means of getting possession of a place which was divinely appropriated to them: they might promise life and rewards to this man, though he and all the Canaanites were doomed to destruction
(Jos 2:12-14);
but we may assume the promise was suspended on his embracing the true religion, or quitting the country, as he did. If they had seen him to be firmly opposed to either of these alternatives, they would not have constrained him by promises any more than by threats to betray his countrymen. But if they found him disposed to be serviceable, and to aid the invaders in executing the will of God, they might promise to spare him.
26
無題
繁體中文
26. 路斯——（參
Ge 12:7；
Ge 28:18)。
英語原文
26. Luz--(See on
Ge 12:7;
Ge 28:18).
27
無題
繁體中文
27-36. 同樣的征服行動也在其他支派中部分地進行，結果各有成敗。許多原住民在這場滅絕之戰的進行中，毫無疑問地藉著逃亡保全了性命，據說成了希臘、意大利和其他國家最早的殖民者。但有相當一部分人作了頑強的抵抗，仍舊保有他們在迦南的舊居。在其他情形中，當原住民被征服後，貪婪使以色列人不顧神明確的命令，饒恕了那些拜偶像的人；他們在這事上違背了神的吩咐，便陷入了本書所描述的許多禍患之中。
英語原文
27-36. The same course of subjugation was carried on in the other tribes to a partial extent, and with varying success. Many of the natives, no doubt, during the progress of this exterminating war, saved themselves by flight and became, it is thought, the first colonists in Greece, Italy, and other countries. But a large portion made a stout resistance and retained possession of their old abodes in Canaan. In other cases, when the natives were vanquished, avarice led the Israelites to spare the idolaters, contrary to the express command of God; and their disobedience to His orders in this matter involved them in many troubles which this book describes.
Jud 1:1-3.
猶大與西緬的作為。
1. 約書亞死後——大概隔了不久，因為迦南人似乎趁此機會企圖收復所失之地，以色列人不得不重新開戰。
以色列人求問耶和華——在這一次以及別的時候，他們都是藉著烏陵與土明求問神的旨意，即向大祭司請示，按照約瑟夫的說法，當時的大祭司是非尼哈。
說，誰先為我們上去攻擊迦南人——各支派中掌權的長老們判斷得對：在展開如此重要的征伐之前，必須有一位由神所任命的領袖；他們在求問神諭的事上，採取的是明智之舉，無論他們所求問的是關乎選擇一位統帥，還是關乎眾支派之間居先的尊榮。