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英語原文
SECOND SERIES.
Job 19:1-29.
JOB'S REPLY TO BILDAD.
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2. 几时……等等（How long, &c.）——回敬比勒达的话（伯18:2）。就算这刑罚是该当的，对一个受苦之人始终揪住此事不放，这岂是厚道之举？况且连这一点他们至今也未能证明。
英語原文
2. How long, &c.--retorting Bildad's words
(Job 18:2).
Admitting the punishment to be deserved, is it kind thus ever to be harping on this to the sufferer? And yet even this they have not yet proved.
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3. 这些（These）——着重地放在数字之前（创27:36）。
十次（ten）——即屡次（创31:7）。
当作外人（make yourselves strange）——更当译作“震聩我”[格塞纽斯（GESENIUS）]。（参边注另一含义，即“向我硬着心”）。
英語原文
3. These--prefixed emphatically to numbers
(Ge 27:36).
ten--that is, often
(Ge 31:7).
make yourselves strange--rather, "stun me" [GESENIUS]. (See Margin for a different meaning [that is, "harden yourselves against me"]).
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4. 错谬（erred）——希伯来文表达的是不自觉的过失。约伯并不自觉有故意的罪。
存留（remaineth）——原文作“留宿”。取自留宿一个不快之客的意象。我承受其后果。
英語原文
4.erred--The Hebrew expresses unconscious error. Job was unconscious of wilful sin.
remaineth--literally, "passeth the night." An image from harboring an unpleasant guest for the night. I bear the consequences.
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5. 高举……云云（magnify, &c.）——即骄傲地说（俄12；结35:13）。
攻击我（against me）——着重地重复（诗38:16）。
定……有罪（plead . . . reproach）——英文译本（English Version）将此作为条件句的一部分，“若”字省略，归结论（apodosis）自伯19:6开始。更佳的是照翁布雷特（UMBREIT）：你们若要真作攻击我的大英雄，就必须向我证明（显明）你们所断言的我的罪，或羞耻。在英文译本中，“羞辱”指约伯的灾祸，他们以此为“羞辱”或罪的证明来“控告”他。
英語原文
5. magnify, &c.--Speak proudly
(Ob 12; Eze 35:13).
against me--emphatically repeated
(Ps 38:16).
plead . . . reproach--English Version makes this part of the protasis, "if" being understood, and the apodosis beginning at
Job 19:6.
Better with UMBREIT, If ye would become great heroes against me in truth, ye must prove (evince) against me my guilt, or shame, which you assert. In the English Version "reproach" will mean Job's calamities, which they "pleaded" against him as a "reproach," or proof of guilt.
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6. 圈上……网（compassed . . . net）——暗指比勒达的话（伯18:8）。当知道，我并非如恶人那样被自己的“网”困住；是神用祂的网圈住我——原因何在，我并不知道。
英語原文
6. compassed . . . net--alluding to Bildad's words
(Job 18:8).
Know, that it is not that I as a wicked man have been caught in my "own net"; it is God who has compassed me in His--why, I know not.
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7. 冤屈（wrong）——暴力：由神加在他身上。
没有判断（no judgment）——神不肯挪去我的灾祸以证明我的清白；我的朋友们也不肯公道地对待我过去的为人。
英語原文
7. wrong--violence: brought on him by God.
no judgment--God will not remove my calamities, and so vindicate my just cause; and my friends will not do justice to my past character.
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8. 取自夜行迷路之客旅的意象。
英語原文
8. Image from a benighted traveller.
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9. 剥去……冠冕（stripped . . . crown）——取自被废之王的意象，被夺去朝服与冠冕；适用于约伯——他从前是位几乎有王者之尊的族长（emir）（哀5:16；诗89:39）。
英語原文
9. stripped . . . crown--image from a deposed king, deprived of his robes and crown; appropriate to Job, once an emir with all but royal dignity
(La 5:16; Ps 89:39).
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10. 四面摧毁（destroyed . . . on every side）——“四面摇晃，使我仆倒在地”；取自一棵树被四面猛烈摇晃而连根拔起的意象[翁布雷特（UMBREIT）]。末句与此相符（耶1:10）。
我的指望（mine hope）——指今生（与琐法相对，伯11:18）；不是指来世（伯19:25；伯14:15）。
拔出（removed）——连根拔起。
英語原文
10. destroyed . . . on every side--"Shaken all round, so that I fall in the dust"; image from a tree uprooted by violent shaking from every side [UMBREIT]. The last clause accords with this
(Jer 1:10)
mine hope--as to this life (in opposition to Zophar,
Job 11:18);
not as to the world to come
(Job 19:25; Job 14:15).
removed--uprooted.
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11. 仇敌（enemies）——（伯13:24；哀2:5）。
英語原文
11. enemies--
(Job 13:24; La 2:5).
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12. 军旅（troops）——灾祸如敌军一起推进（伯10:17）。
修筑……路（raise up . . . way）——军队在进攻城邑之前必须修筑一条通路（赛40:3）。
英語原文
12. troops--Calamities advance together like hostile troops
(Job 10:17).
raise up . . . way--An army must cast up a way of access before it, in marching against a city
(Isa 40:3).
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13. brethren——至近的亲属,与“相识的人”相对。照样,“亲属”与“密友”
(Job 19:14)
在平行结构中相对应。阿拉伯谚语云:“兄弟,即真正的朋友,在需要之时才得以认识。”
estranged——字面意为“厌恶地转离”。约伯又一次无意间使用了预表耶稣基督被弃绝的言语
(Job 16:10; Lu 23:49; Ps 38:11)。
英語原文
13. brethren--nearest kinsmen, as distinguished from "acquaintance." So "kinsfolk" and "familiar friends"
(Job 19:14)
correspond in parallelism. The Arabic proverb is, "The brother, that is, the true friend, is only known in time of need."
estranged--literally, "turn away with disgust." Job again unconsciously uses language prefiguring the desertion of Jesus Christ
(Job 16:10; Lu 23:49; Ps 38:11).
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15. They that dwell等——更宜作“寄居者”:男仆,寄居在他家中。注意对比:那蒙接纳、以依附者身份寄居的外人,竟在自己家中视主人如外人。
英語原文
15. They that dwell, &c.--rather, "sojourn": male servants, sojourning in his house. Mark the contrast. The stranger admitted to sojourn as a dependent treats the master as a stranger in his own house.
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16. servant——生在我家的(与那寄居在我家的有别),所以完全属于家中。然而连他也违背我的呼唤。
mouth——即“大声呼叫”;从前一个点头便够。如今我不再期待顺服,我试以恳求。
英語原文
16. servant--born in my house (as distinguished from those sojourning in it), and so altogether belonging to the family. Yet even he disobeys my call.
mouth--that is, "calling aloud"; formerly a nod was enough. Now I no longer look for obedience, I try entreaty.
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17. strange——他因象皮病所致的口气变得如此强烈难闻,以致他的妻子如同疏远了一般转离他\n (Job 19:13; 17:1)。
children's . . . of mine own body——字面作“肚”。但我们所预期的是“腰”,而非“肚”(子宫),后者适用于女人。“我的”一语不允许指他的妻子。况且他们的儿女都已死去。在\n Job 3:10
同样的字“我的肚”意为我母的肚:故译作:“我必以恳求者身份求我母腹所生的孩子”;即我的亲兄弟——这是与\n Job 19:16
末句相比的力量加强[UMBREIT]。我不仅必须恳求我的仆人,还要恳求我的亲兄弟\n (Ps 69:8)。
此处他也是无意间预表耶稣基督\n (Joh 7:5)。
英語原文
17. strange--His breath by elephantiasis had become so strongly altered and offensive, that his wife turned away as estranged from him
(Job 19:13; 17:1).
children's . . . of mine own body--literally, "belly." But "loins" is what we should expect, not "belly" (womb), which applies to the woman. The "mine" forbids it being taken of his wife. Besides their children were dead. In
Job 3:10
the same words "my womb" mean, my mother's womb: therefore translate, "and I must entreat (as a suppliant) the children of my mother's womb"; that is, my own brothers--a heightening of force, as compared with last clause of
Job 19:16
[UMBREIT]. Not only must I entreat suppliantly my servant, but my own brothers
(Ps 69:8).
Here too, he unconsciously foreshadows Jesus Christ
(Joh 7:5).
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18. young children——希伯来文如此意\n (Job 21:11)。
在东方,敬老是首要的本分。此字意为“恶人”\n (Job 16:11)。
UMBREIT 在此作此解,不太妥当。
I arose——更宜补“若”,因约伯已不再能站起来。“我若站起来,他们就会出言反对(辱骂)我”[UMBREIT]。
英語原文
18. young children--So the Hebrew means
(Job 21:11).
Reverence for age is a chief duty in the East. The word means "wicked"
(Job 16:11).
So UMBREIT has it here, not so well.
I arose--Rather, supply "if," as Job was no more in a state to stand up. "If I stood up (arose), they would speak against (abuse) me" [UMBREIT].
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19. inward——心腹;字面作“我秘密之人”——即我将最亲密的信任所托之人。
英語原文
19. inward--confidential; literally, "men of my secret"--to whom I entrusted my most intimate confidence.
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20. 极度的消瘦。骨头似乎粘在皮上,透过皮肤可见,因肉干缩、从骨上脱落。旁注“至于我的肉”使此意更为清晰。然而英文译本表达同样意思:“至于我的肉”,即从骨上脱落之肉,而不是坚实地覆盖其上。
skin of my teeth——谚语。我仅以身免;我惟有牙皮是完整的;即惟独我的牙龈完好,我全身其余的皮肤因疮破裂\n (Job 7:5; Ps 102:5)。
撒但留给约伯口舌,盼望他借以咒诅神。
英語原文
20. Extreme meagerness. The bone seemed to stick in the skin, being seen through it, owing to the flesh drying up and falling away from the bone. The Margin, "as to my flesh," makes this sense clearer. The English Version, however, expresses the same: "And to my flesh," namely, which has fallen away from the bone, instead of firmly covering it.
skin of my teeth--proverbial. I have escaped with bare life; I am whole only with the skin of my teeth; that is, my gums alone are whole, the rest of the skin of my body is broken with sores
(Job 7:5; Ps 102:5).
Satan left Job his speech, in hope that he might therewith curse God.
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21. 当神已使他成为如此可怜的景象,他的朋友们应当免他受他们残酷言辞的额外逼迫。
英語原文
21. When God had made him such a piteous spectacle, his friends should spare him the additional persecution of their cruel speeches.
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22. as God——已经逼迫了我。预表耶稣基督\n (Ps 69:26)。
神既降苦,并不足以作为人可加增受苦者之苦的理由\n (Zec 1:15)。
satisfied with my flesh——神在字面上苦待我的肉\n (Job 19:20)
还不够,你们还要在隐喻上“吃我的肉”\n (Ps 27:2);
即说出最坏的谗谤,此短语在阿拉伯语中常为此义。
英語原文
22. as God--has persecuted me. Prefiguring Jesus Christ
(Ps 69:26).
That God afflicts is no reason that man is to add to a sufferer's affliction
(Zec 1:15).
satisfied with my flesh--It is not enough that God afflicts my flesh literally
(Job 19:20),
but you must "eat my flesh" metaphorically
(Ps 27:2);
that is, utter the worst calumnies, as the phrase often means in Arabic.
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23. 因绝望于在有生之年从朋友得着公正,他愿自己的话能不朽地保存给后代,见证他在复活时得昭雪的盼望。
printed——不是我们现代的印刷,而是镌刻。
英語原文
23. Despairing of justice from his friends in his lifetime, he wishes his words could be preserved imperishably to posterity, attesting his hope of vindication at the resurrection.
printed--not our modern printing, but engraven.
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24. pen——雕刻刀。
lead——浇铸在所刻的字中,使其更清晰[UMBREIT]。不是在铅版上;因他们是刻“在磐石上”。也许“铅”是指锤子,因雕刻家发现用铅锤比用更硬的锤能刻出更精细的纹路。FOSTER(One Primeval Language)已表明,以色列人穿越旷野路线上瓦迪-莫卡塔岩壁上的铭文,记录了那民的道路,正如科斯马斯·印第科普勒斯图斯在主后 535 年所断言的。
for ever——只要磐石尚存。
英語原文
24. pen--graver.
lead--poured into the engraven characters, to make them better seen [UMBREIT]. Not on leaden plates; for it was "in the rock" that they were engraved. Perhaps it was the hammer that was of "lead," as sculptors find more delicate incisions are made by it, than by a harder hammer. FOSTER (One Primeval Language) has shown that the inscriptions on the rocks in Wady-Mokatta, along Israel's route through the desert, record the journeys of that people, as Cosmas Indicopleustes asserted, A.D. 535.
for ever--as long as the rock lasts.
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25. redeemer——UMBREIT 等人将本句与\n Job 19:26
解为:神在约伯死前、当他身体枯槁成骨之时,作为为他报仇者显现。但约伯一贯对在今生得复兴与昭雪绝望\n (Job 17:15, 16)。
所余惟一的盼望,是圣灵所启示的——在来世得昭雪:若只有他的灵魂离开身体而享福——如有人解\n Job 19:26
“从肉身出来”——那就不算完全的昭雪。受苦的主要是他的身体:因此惟有他身体的复活才能为他昭雪:以自己的眼看见神,且在一个更新的身体中\n (Job 19:27),
才能反驳因他现今身体受苦而加在他身上的罪咎。约伯未进一步阐述这真理,他的朋友也未提及,只表明这对他是旧约盼望中一瞥明亮的瞥见,而非福音确据的稳定之光;对我们而言,这段经文有明确的清晰,是他心中所没有的(见\n Job 21:30)。
约伯所说的“救赎主”,其意为昭雪者\n (Job 16:19; Nu 35:27),
为他申雪冤屈;至少对我们而言,可能对他也是如此,也包括所预言的那位伤蛇头者之意。传统会告诉他这预言。FOSTER 表明,蛇所造成的堕落完整地表现在菲莱的俄西里斯庙中;而复活则表现在距今四千年的埃及王门卡乌拉墓上。约伯的献祭暗示对罪与赎罪之需的认识。撒但是约伯身体的伤害者;耶稣基督是他的昭雪者,是那赐生命的活者\n (Joh 5:21, 26)。
at the latter day——更宜作:“末后的”,这是耶稣基督特有的称号,虽然约伯未必知道自己受默示之话中的深意,可能仅理解为后来看的一位\n (1Co 15:45; Re 1:17)。
耶稣基督是末后的。耶稣基督的日子就是末日\n (Joh 6:39)。
stand——更宜作:“兴起”:如神说他要“兴起”弥赛亚\n (Jer 23:5; De 18:15)。
earth——更宜作:“尘土”:常与在其中朽坏的身体相连\n (Job 7:21; 17:16);
故此处甚为贴切。在那与人腐朽之身体相混的尘土之上,人的昭雪者要兴起。“在尘土之上兴起”鲜明地表达这事实:耶稣基督自己先在尘土之上兴起,然后要使他的百姓在其上兴起\n (1Co 15:20, 23)。
圣灵在约伯的话中所含的,超过约伯所完全明白的\n (1Pe 1:12)。
他虽在离弃我上似乎如死了一般,如今却真在天上“活着”;日后他也要在地上尘土之上显现。Goel,即为血报仇者,是被杀者至近的亲属。照样,耶稣基督取了我们的肉身,作我们的亲属。人因撒但那“杀人者”\n (Joh 8:44)
失丧生命——此处即约伯的逼迫者\n (Heb 2:14)。
关于死者亲属赎回产业,亦请参较\n (Ru 4:3-5; Eph 1:14)。
英語原文
25. redeemer--UMBREIT and others understand this and
Job 19:26,
of God appearing as Job's avenger before his death, when his body would be wasted to a skeleton. But Job uniformly despairs of restoration and vindication of his cause in this life
(Job 17:15, 16).
One hope alone was left, which the Spirit revealed--a vindication in a future life: it would be no full vindication if his soul alone were to be happy without the body, as some explain
(Job 19:26)
"out of the flesh." It was his body that had chiefly suffered: the resurrection of his body, therefore, alone could vindicate his cause: to see God with his own eyes, and in a renovated body
(Job 19:27),
would disprove the imputation of guilt cast on him because of the sufferings of his present body. That this truth is not further dwelt on by Job, or noticed by his friends, only shows that it was with him a bright passing glimpse of Old Testament hope, rather than the steady light of Gospel assurance; with us this passage has a definite clearness, which it had not in his mind (see on
Job 21:30).
The idea in "redeemer" with Job is Vindicator
(Job 16:19; Nu 35:27),
redressing his wrongs; also including at least with us, and probably with him, the idea of the predicted Bruiser of the serpent's head. Tradition would inform him of the prediction. FOSTER shows that the fall by the serpent is represented perfectly on the temple of Osiris at Philæ; and the resurrection on the tomb of the Egyptian Mycerinus, dating four thousand years back. Job's sacrifices imply sense of sin and need of atonement. Satan was the injurer of Job's body; Jesus Christ his Vindicator, the Living One who giveth life
(Joh 5:21, 26).
at the latter day--Rather, "the Last," the peculiar title of Jesus Christ, though Job may not have known the pregnancy of his own inspired words, and may have understood merely one that comes after
(1Co 15:45; Re 1:17).
Jesus Christ is the last. The day of Jesus Christ the last day
(Joh 6:39).
stand--rather, "arise": as God is said to "raise up" the Messiah
(Jer 23:5; De 18:15).
earth--rather, "dust": often associated with the body crumbling away in it
(Job 7:21; 17:16);
therefore appropriately here. Above that very dust wherewith was mingled man's decaying body shall man's Vindicator arise. "Arise above the dust," strikingly expresses that fact that Jesus Christ arose first Himself above the dust, and then is to raise His people above it
(1Co 15:20, 23).
The Spirit intended in Job's words more than Job fully understood
(1Pe 1:12).
Though He seems, in forsaking me, to be as one dead, He now truly "liveth" in heaven; hereafter He shall appear also above the dust of earth. The Goel or vindicator of blood was the nearest kinsman of the slain. So Jesus Christ took our flesh, to be our kinsman. Man lost life by Satan the "murderer"
(Joh 8:44),
here Job's persecutor
(Heb 2:14).
Compare also as to redemption of the inheritance by the kinsman of the dead
(Ru 4:3-5; Eph 1:14).
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简体中文
26. 更宜译作:虽然在我的皮肤(不再存在)之后,这(身体)被毁灭(“身体”被省略,因它已消瘦得不配此名),然而从我的肉身(从我这更新的身体,作为看见的起点,如\n So 2:9,
“从窗户往外望”)“我必看见神”。下一句\n [Job 19:27]
证明所指的是身体的看见,因为它明言“我的眼睛”[ROSENMULLER,第 2 版]。希伯来文反对“在肉身中”。“皮肤”是象皮病首先毁坏的,然后是“身体”。
英語原文
26. Rather, though after my skin (is no more) this (body) is destroyed ("body" being omitted, because it was so wasted as not to deserve the name), yet from my flesh (from my renewed body, as the starting-point of vision,
So 2:9,
"looking out from the windows") "shall I see God." Next clause
[Job 19:27]
proves bodily vision is meant, for it specifies "mine eyes" [ROSENMULLER, 2d ed.]. The Hebrew opposes "in my flesh." The "skin" was the first destroyed by elephantiasis, then the "body."
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简体中文
27. for myself——为我的益处,作为我的朋友。
not another——我的眼睛要见他,却不再如现在那样以与我疏远者的身份见他[BENGEL]。
though——以删去为佳。
my reins——心的深处。
be consumed within me——即因切慕那日而憔悴\n (Ps 84:2; 119:81)。
外邦人所得的启示应许不多:这少数应许竟如此明确,何等恩典(参\n Nu 24:17; Mt 2:2)。
英語原文
27. for myself--for my advantage, as my friend.
not another--Mine eyes shall behold Him, but no longer as one estranged from me, as now [BENGEL].
though--better omitted.
my reins--inward recesses of the heart.
be consumed within me--that is, pine with longing desire for that day
(Ps 84:2; 119:81).
The Gentiles had but few revealed promises: how gracious that the few should have been so explicit (compare
Nu 24:17; Mt 2:2).
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简体中文
28. 更宜作:“你们(当那伸冤者来到时)便要说,为何”,云云。
root . . . in me——敬虔正直之根(这正是争论的焦点:如此受苦之人是否可能存有此根),在我里面寻得见。UMBREIT 联同许多抄本与译本,读作“在他里面”。“或是我们在他身上寻得何争端的根由呢。”
英語原文
28. Rather, "ye will then (when the Vindicator cometh) say, Why," &c.
root . . . in me--The root of pious integrity, which was the matter at issue, whether it could be in one so afflicted, is found in me. UMBREIT, with many manuscripts and versions, reads "in him." "Or how found we in him ground of contention."
29
無題
简体中文
29. wrath——朋友们逼迫约伯时所发的暴烈怒气。
bringeth, 云云——字面作“乃刀剑之罪”。
that ye may know——补上“我说这话”。
judgment——与那伸冤者的降临不可分割。神为约伯向朋友们施行暂时的伸冤而显现时所发的“怒气”
(Job 42:7),
正是他最终降临、使圣徒得荣耀并审判其仇敌时所发永远之怒的凭据
(2Th 1:6-10; Isa 25:8)。
英語原文
29. wrath--the passionate violence with which the friends persecuted Job.
bringeth, &c.--literally, "is sin of the of the sword"
that ye may know--Supply, "I say this."
judgment--inseparably connected with the coming of the Vindicator. The "wrath" of God at His appearing for the temporal vindication of Job against the friends
(Job 42:7)
is a pledge of the eternal wrath at the final coming to glorify the saints and judge their enemies
(2Th 1:6-10; Isa 25:8).
第二轮。
伯19:1-29。
约伯答复比勒达