Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible · Job 第40章

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Job 40章

1

Job 40:1-24.

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繁體中文

伯40:1-24. 神的第二次發言

祂曾停下來等候答覆,但約伯默然不語。

1. 耶和華——希伯來文作「耶和華」(JEHOVAH)。

英語原文

Job 40:1-24.

GOD'S SECOND ADDRESS.

He had paused for a reply, but Job was silent.

1. the Lord--Hebrew, "JEHOVAH."

繁體中文

2. 爭論的——約伯曾屢次表示希望如此行。或作責備的。約伯如今(在親眼見識、親耳聽聞神的威嚴和智慧之後)還想糾正神嗎?

回答——即回答我所問的問題。

英語原文

2. he that contendeth--as Job had so often expressed a wish to do. Or, rebuketh. Does Job now still (after seeing and hearing of God's majesty and wisdom) wish to set God right?

answer it--namely, the questions I have asked.

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3. 主——即耶和華(JEHOVAH)。

英語原文

3. Lord--JEHOVAH.

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4. 我(太)卑賤(不能回答)。在神面前為自己申辯,與在人面前為自己申辯,完全是兩回事。約伯能做後者,卻不能做前者。

用手……捂口——我沒有甚麼可以申辯的(伯21:5;士18:19)。

英語原文

4. I am (too) vile (to reply). It is a very different thing to vindicate ourselves before God, from what it is before men. Job could do the latter, not the former.

lay . . . hand . . . upon . . . mouth--I have no plea to offer

(Job 21:5; Jud 18:19).

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5. 一次……兩次——即多次,不止一次(伯33:14,試與伯33:29比較;詩62:11):

我已說了——即說了頂撞神的話。

不再說——不再向你爭辯。

英語原文

5. Once . . . twice--oftentimes, more than once

(Job 33:14,

compare with

Job 33:29; Ps 62:11):

I have spoken--namely, against God.

not answer--not plead against Thee.

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6. 耶和華——即耶和華(JEHOVAH)。

英語原文

6. the Lord--JEHOVAH.

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7.(見伯38:3的註解)。

約伯既然不僅說了頂撞神的話,還指控神不公,神便向他挑戰:他能否像神以祂的大能那樣治理世界,並懲罰驕傲的人和惡人(伯40:7-14)。

英語原文

7. (See on

Job 38:3).

Since Job has not only spoken against God, but accused Him of injustice, God challenges him to try, could he govern the world, as God by His power doth, and punish the proud and wicked

(Job 40:7-14).

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8. 你豈不僅要與我爭論,還要廢掉我的判斷(即我治理世界的公義)嗎?

定罪——宣判我為不義,好使你被算為義(無辜;受苦是不配的)。

英語原文

8. Wilt thou not only contend with, but set aside My judgment or justice in the government of the world?

condemn--declare Me unrighteous, in order that thou mayest be accounted righteous (innocent; undeservingly afflicted).

繁體中文

9. 膀臂——指神的全能(賽53:1)。

雷轟——指神的聲音(伯37:4)。

英語原文

9. arm--God's omnipotence

(Isa 53:1).

thunder--God's voice

(Job 37:4).

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10. 你且看,你是否有像神那樣的能力與威嚴,使你能審判並治理世界?

英語原文

10. See, hast thou power and majesty like God's, to enable thee to judge and govern the world?

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11. 發怒——更當譯作:傾倒氾濫的洪水,云云。

觀看——試一試,你能否像神那樣,僅僅一瞥就使驕傲者降卑(賽2:12等)?

英語原文

11. rage--rather, pour out the redundant floods of, &c.

behold--Try, canst thou, as God, by a mere glance abase the proud

(Isa 2:12,

&c.)?

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12. 驕傲的人——高傲的人(但4:37)。

在本處——即在原地;突然地,在他們還來不及離開原地之前。(見伯34:26;伯36:20註釋。)

英語原文

12. proud--high

(Da 4:37).

in their place--on the spot; suddenly, before they can move from their place. (See on

Job 34:26;

Job 36:20).

繁體中文

13.(賽2:10。)降卑他們,並將他們從世人眼前挪去。

蒙住……臉——即拘禁他們的人〔毛雷爾,MAURER〕。但這更當指將要被處決之人臉上蒙布的習俗(伯9:24;斯7:8)。

隱密——把他們交給黑暗。

英語原文

13.

(Isa 2:10).

Abase and remove them out of the sight of men.

bind . . . faces--that is, shut up their persons [MAURER]. But it refers rather to the custom of binding a cloth over the faces of persons about to be executed

(Job 9:24; Es 7:8).

in secret--consign them to darkness.

繁體中文

14. 承認——較宜作「尊崇」;「我也」,就是現在責備你的那一位。但你既不能作這些事,就當以尊崇我的治理來代替責備。

你自己的……手……救——

(詩44:3)。

照樣,論到藉著耶穌基督而得的永遠救恩

(賽59:16;63:5)。

英語原文

14. confess--rather, "extol"; "I also," who now censure thee. But since thou canst not do these works, thou must, instead of censuring, extol My government.

thine own . . . hand . . . save--

(Ps 44:3).

So as to eternal salvation by Jesus Christ

(Isa 59:16; 63:5).

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15-24. 神表明:約伯若不能制服低等動物(祂從中挑選了最引人注目的兩種——陸上的河馬與水中的鱷魚),就更不能治理世界了。

河馬——這描述部分與河馬相符,部分與象相符,但在一切細節上與兩者都不完全吻合。它更像是對大型厚皮類或草食類動物(故「他喫草」)的詩意擬人化,其中河馬的形象最為突出。在

伯40:17

「尾巴如香柏樹」一句,難以適用於河馬(同樣

伯40:20、23

的「約旦河」,只有象才能到達,但見

伯40:23

註解)。另一方面,

伯40:21、22

則是兩棲的河馬的特徵。照樣,鱷魚(那盤曲的動物),

伯41:1,

是鄰近海河中鯨類、蟒蛇、蜥蜴類的統稱,包括鱷魚在內——鱷魚最為顯著,古人常將它與河馬並提。「Behemoth(河馬)」似乎是埃及文 Pehemout(水牛)的希伯來化,因像牛而得名,意大利文 bombarino 亦由此而來。

與你——如同我造你一樣。然而差別何等大!神那多方多面的智慧與大能!

他喫草——對於一個如此生活在水中的動物,這實在令人驚奇;並且這樣的巨獸竟不是肉食的,也很奇特。

英語原文

15-24. God shows that if Job cannot bring under control the lower animals (of which he selects the two most striking, behemoth on land, leviathan in the water), much less is he capable of governing the world.

behemoth--The description in part agrees with the hippopotamus, in part with the elephant, but exactly in all details with neither. It is rather a poetical personification of the great Pachydermata, or Herbivora (so "he eateth grass"), the idea of the hippopotamus being predominant. In

Job 40:17,

"the tail like a cedar," hardly applies to the latter (so also

Job 40:20, 23,

"Jordan," a river which elephants alone could reach, but see on

Job 40:23).

On the other hand,

Job 40:21, 22

are characteristic of the amphibious river horse. So leviathan (the twisting animal),

Job 41:1,

is a generalized term for cetacea, pythons, saurians of the neighboring seas and rivers, including the crocodile, which is the most prominent, and is often associated with the river horse by old writers. "Behemoth" seems to be the Egyptian Pehemout, "water-ox," Hebraized, so-called as being like an ox, whence the Italian bombarino.

with thee--as I made thyself. Yet how great the difference! The manifold wisdom and power of God!

he eateth grass--marvellous in an animal living so much in the water; also strange, that such a monster should not be carnivorous.

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16. 肚臍——較宜作他腹部的「肌肉」;這是象最脆弱的部位,所以所指的並不是象。

英語原文

16. navel--rather, "muscles" of his belly; the weakest point of the elephant, therefore it is not meant.

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17. 如香柏樹——正如暴風搖撼香柏樹,照樣牠能搖動牠那光滑粗厚的尾巴〔翁佈雷特,UMBREIT〕。但香柏樹暗示挺直與修長,這不適用於河馬的短尾,卻可能適用於某種已絕種的動物(見

伯40:15

註解)。

石頭——較宜作「大腿」。

交織——緊緊地扭在一起,如粗繩。

英語原文

17. like a cedar--As the tempest bends the cedar, so it can move its smooth thick tail [UMBREIT]. But the cedar implies straightness and length, such as do not apply to the river horse's short tail, but perhaps to an extinct species of animal (see on

Job 40:15).

stones--rather, "thighs."

wrapped--firmly twisted together, like a thick rope.

繁體中文

18. 堅固——較宜作「銅管」〔翁佈雷特,UMBREIT〕。

英語原文

18. strong--rather, "tubes" of copper [UMBREIT].

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19. 是神作為的首領;所以「作為」

(伯26:14;箴8:22)。

能以用刀劍臨近——較宜作「已將他的刀劍賜給他」(harpe),即他用來割下穀物的鐮刀狀牙齒。然而英文譯本字面上是對的。

英語原文

19. Chief of the works of God; so "ways"

(Job 26:14; Pr 8:22).

can make his sword to approach--rather, "has furnished him with his sword" (harpe), namely, the sickle-like teeth with which he cuts down grain. English Version, however, is literally right.

繁體中文

20. 山並不是他尋常出沒之處。博查特(BOCHART)說他有時會在那裏出現(?)。

野獸……玩耍——生動的細節:他雖然裝備著這樣的牙齒,卻任憑野獸在他附近玩耍不受傷害,因為他的食物是草。

英語原文

20. The mountain is not his usual haunt. BOCHART says it is sometimes found there (?).

beasts . . . play--a graphic trait: though armed with such teeth, he lets the beasts play near him unhurt, for his food is grass.

繁體中文

21. 躺臥——他過著不活躍的生活。

蔭下——較宜作「蓮花叢」;正如

伯40:22

所要求的。

英語原文

21. lieth--He leads an inactive life.

shady trees--rather, "lotus bushes"; as

Job 40:22

requires.

繁體中文

22. 蔭下——譯作:「蓮花叢」。

英語原文

22. shady trees--Translate: "lotus bushes."

繁體中文

23. 較宜作:「(雖然)河水暴漲(氾濫),他也不驚動」;(因他雖生活在陸地,也能生活在水中);他安然穩妥,即使約旦河漲到他的口。「約旦河」用來指任何大河(與「河馬」一致),是詩意的概括(見

伯40:15

註解)。

作者不可能是希伯來人——如翁佈雷特(UMBREIT)所斷言的,否則他不會舉出約旦河,那裏沒有河馬。他提到它,是作為任何河流的名稱,而不是作為他所熟知的事物,只是風聞而已。

英語原文

23. Rather, "(Though) a river be violent (overflow), he trembleth not"; (for though living on land, he can live in the water, too); he is secure, though a Jordan swell up to his mouth. "Jordan" is used for any great river (consonant with the "behemoth"), being a poetical generalization (see on

Job 40:15).

The author cannot have been a Hebrew as UMBREIT asserts, or he would not adduce the Jordan, where there were no river horses. He alludes to it as a name for any river, but not as one known to him, except by hearsay.

繁體中文

24. 較宜作:「人能以明搶(字面作『在他眼前』)捉拿他嗎?或用繩穿他的鼻子嗎?」不能;只能用詭計和陷阱來捉

(伯41:1、2)。

英語原文

24. Rather, "Will any take him by open force" (literally, "before his eyes"), "or pierce his nose with cords?" No; he can only be taken by guile, and in a pitfall

(Job 41:1, 2).