1
Le 18:1-30.
英語原文
Le 18:1-30.
UNLAWFUL MARRIAGES.
2
無題
2-4. 我是耶和华你们的神——此处重申神对以色列人的主权，是要特别针对一些与埃及和迦南当地社会风俗迥然不同的律法；因为本章所列律法旨在根除的那些恶行，在上述两国中都被随意奉行或公开认可；事实上，古迦南人之所以被灭尽，正是因他们用可憎之事玷污了那地。
英語原文
2-4. I am the Lord your God--This renewed mention of the divine sovereignty over the Israelites was intended to bear particularly on some laws that were widely different from the social customs that obtained both in Egypt and Canaan; for the enormities, which the laws enumerated in this chapter were intended to put down, were freely practised or publicly sanctioned in both of those countries; and, indeed, the extermination of the ancient Canaanites is described as owing to the abominations with which they had polluted the land.
5
無題
5. 所以，你们要守我的律例、典章；人若遵行，就必因此活着——以色列人若顺服神的律法，便有特别的福气应许给他们；这应许在他们历史的某些时期显著地应验了，当纯洁无瑕的宗教在他们中间兴盛时，他们作为百姓便享受公共的繁荣与家庭的幸福。诚然，顺服神的律法始终能确保今世的益处；这无疑是"人若遵行，就必因此活着"这句话的首要含义。但这些话也指向更高一层的属灵生命，这从主耶稣（Lu 10:28）和使徒（Ro 10:2）对其的应用中可以看出来。
英語原文
5. Ye shall therefore keep my statutes, and my judgments: which if a man do, he shall live in them--A special blessing was promised to the Israelites on condition of their obedience to the divine law; and this promise was remarkably verified at particular eras of their history, when pure and undefiled religion prevailed among them, in the public prosperity and domestic happiness enjoyed by them as a people. Obedience to the divine law always, indeed, ensures temporal advantages; and this, doubtless, was the primary meaning of the words, "which if a man do, he shall live in them." But that they had a higher reference to spiritual life is evident from the application made of them by our Lord
(Lu 10:28)
and the apostle
(Ro 10:2).
6
無題
6. 你们都不可露骨肉之亲的下体——埃及人在婚姻关系的观念与实践上极为放纵，不仅公开认可兄妹、姐弟之间的婚姻，甚至认可父母与子女之间的婚姻。摩西明智地禁止了这些乱伦的结合，他的律法构成了这国及其他基督教国家婚姻法规的主要基础。本节是所有具体禁令的概括总结；所禁止的交合以"亲近"一语指出。在随后所列的具体禁令中——全都包含在这概括总结之内——所禁止的亲密关系以"露下体"[Le 18:12-17]、"娶"[Le 18:17, 18]、"与……同寝"[Le 18:22, 23] 等措辞指明。因此，这第六节的用语与其他三者含义完全相同，其所指的婚姻属于血亲或过近的姻亲关系，构成乱伦的结合。
英語原文
6. None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him--Very great laxity prevailed amongst the Egyptians in their sentiments and practice about the conjugal relation, as they not only openly sanctioned marriages between brothers and sisters, but even between parents and children. Such incestuous alliances Moses wisely prohibited, and his laws form the basis upon which the marriage regulations of this and other Christian nations are chiefly founded. This verse contains a general summary of all the particular prohibitions; and the forbidden intercourse is pointed out by the phrase, "to approach to." In the specified prohibitions that follow, all of which are included in this general summary, the prohibited familiarity is indicated by the phrases, to "uncover the nakedness"
[Le 18:12-17],
to "take"
[Le 18:17, 18],
and to "lie with"
[Le 18:22, 23].
The phrase in this sixth verse, therefore, has the same identical meaning with each of the other three, and the marriages in reference to which it is used are those of consanguinity or too close affinity, amounting to incestuous connections.
18
無題
18. 妻还在的时候，你不可另娶她的姐妹作对头——原文在旁注中译为"你不可娶一妻又娶一妻作对头"，对此段经文有两种截然相反的解释。旁注的译法包含了对多妻制的明确禁止；事实上，拥有一个以上妻子的做法无疑直接违背神的旨意。它被最初的婚姻律法所禁止，在利未律法之下也找不到任何证据表明其合法，尽管摩西——因他们"心硬"[Mt 19:8; Mr 10:5]——在粗野而古老的时代容忍了百姓中的这一做法。第二种解释成为我们这个时代关于娶亡妻之妹是否合法这一"争议问题"的基础。无论用什么论据来证明这种婚姻关系的不合法或不适宜，这段经文在健全的释经基础上都不能为其所用；因为此处与之相关联的罪行，使我们可以断定它所指的并非娶亡妻之妹，而是在妻子生前另娶其姐妹——这是古埃及人、迦勒底人及其他民族中常见的做法。
英語原文
18. Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her--The original is rendered in the Margin, "neither shalt thou take one wife to another to vex her," and two different and opposite interpretations have been put upon this passage. The marginal construction involves an express prohibition of polygamy; and, indeed, there can be no doubt that the practice of having more wives than one is directly contrary to the divine will. It was prohibited by the original law of marriage, and no evidence of its lawfulness under the Levitical code can be discovered, although Moses--from "the hardness of their hearts"
[Mt 19:8; Mr 10:5]
--tolerated it in the people of a rude and early age. The second interpretation forms the ground upon which the "vexed question" has been raised in our times respecting the lawfulness of marriage with a deceased wife's sister. Whatever arguments may be used to prove the unlawfulness or inexpediency of such a matrimonial relation, the passage under consideration cannot, on a sound basis of criticism, be enlisted in the service; for the crimes with which it is here associated warrant the conclusion that it points not to marriage with a deceased wife's sister, but with a sister in the wife's lifetime, a practice common among the ancient Egyptians, Chaldeans, and others.
21
無題
21. 你不可使你的儿女经火献给摩洛等——摩洛，意为"王"，是亚扪人的偶像。它的像用铜造，安放在同样金属的台座或宝座上。它的头形如牛犊，戴着冠冕，双臂伸展，作拥抱前来之人的姿势。它的信奉者将儿女献给它；行这事时，他们以内部的火将偶像烧至炽热，然后将婴孩或在火焰上摇晃，或从那燃烧的双臂间穿过，作为洁净之礼，以确保得着那假神的恩宠。拜火者声称，凡未经过这洁净过程的孩童都必夭折；这种撒比安迷信在摩西时代仍极为盛行，以致神的律法颁布者认为有必要以明确的法规加以禁止。
不可亵渎你神的名——即不可将它归于虚假或假托的神明；或者，由于这条训令与敬拜摩洛紧密相连，其含义更可能是：不要因将儿女献给摩洛，而给外人亵渎你神之名的机会，使人以为他是残忍好杀、要求献人祭、并鼓励其信徒行残暴之事的神。
英語原文
21. thou shalt not let any of thy seed pass through the fire to Molech, &c.--Molech, or Moloch, which signifies "king," was the idol of the Ammonites. His statue was of brass, and rested on a pedestal or throne of the same metal. His head, resembling that of a calf, was adorned with a crown, and his arms were extended in the attitude of embracing those who approached him. His devotees dedicated their children to him; and when this was to be done, they heated the statue to a high pitch of intensity by a fire within, and then the infants were either shaken over the flames, or passed through the ignited arms, by way of lustration to ensure the favor of the pretended deity. The fire-worshippers asserted that all children who did not undergo this purifying process would die in infancy; and the influence of this Zabian superstition was still so extensively prevalent in the days of Moses, that the divine lawgiver judged it necessary to prohibit it by an express statute.
neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God--by giving it to false or pretended divinities; or, perhaps, from this precept standing in close connection with the worship of Molech, the meaning rather is, Do not, by devoting your children to him, give foreigners occasion to blaspheme the name of your God as a cruel and sanguinary deity, who demands the sacrifice of human victims, and who encourages cruelty in his votaries.
24
無題
24. 你们不可因这一切事玷污自己——在以上的经文中，列举了十七种明文的乱伦个案，包括十一种姻亲关系 [Le 18:7-16]，以及六种血亲关系 [Le 18:17-20]，并加上若干加重且违背本性之重大罪行。在这样的禁令中，为教导道德感知尚处低层的百姓，列举必须既具体又详尽；待列举完毕后，神圣的立法者便以本节所用那值得注意的措辞，毫无例外或修正地宣告了他对这一切罪行的看法。
因这些事，地都被玷污了，所以我必把那地的居民从我面前吐出去，等等——古代历史提供了许多可怖的证据，表明本章所描述的种种恶行十分猖獗，甚至在埃及的庙宇和迦南的树林中，是带着宗教动机而例行实施的；正是这些巨大的社会性紊乱，招致了那场被驱逐；而以色列人在这驱逐之中，成了公义且施报之护理者手中的既定器皿（Ge 15:16）。“地本身将居民吐出去”这样强烈形象的用语 [Le 18:25]，表明了他们道德腐败已到了无可救药的地步。
英語原文
24. Defile not yourselves in any of these things--In the preceding verses seventeen express cases of incest are enumerated; comprehending eleven of affinity
[Le 18:7-16],
and six of consanguinity
[Le 18:17-20],
together with some criminal enormities of an aggravated and unnatural character. In such prohibitions it was necessary for the instruction of a people low in the scale of moral perception, that the enumeration should be very specific as well as minute; and then, on completing it, the divine lawgiver announces his own views of these crimes, without any exception or modification, in the remarkable terms employed in this verse.
in all these the nations are defiled which I cast out before you, &c.--Ancient history gives many appalling proofs that the enormous vices described in this chapter were very prevalent, nay, were regularly practised from religious motives in the temples of Egypt and the groves of Canaan; and it was these gigantic social disorders that occasioned the expulsion, of which the Israelites were, in the hands of a righteous and retributive Providence, the appointed instruments
(Ge 15:16).
The strongly figurative language of "the land itself vomiting out her inhabitants"
[Le 18:25],
shows the hopeless depth of their moral corruption.
25
無題
25. 所以地就吐出其上的居民，连地也被玷污了——迦南人既是罪大恶极、不肯悔改的罪人，就必被剪除；这剪除显然是一种司法的刑罚，由一位其律法被严重且持续干犯的掌权者所施行。但律法既被违背，它必然先前就已经存在；因此，禁止上述一切可憎罪行的律法——无论是迦南人还是其他列国都受其约束——在利未记的乱伦律法颁布之前，就已经为人所知并具有约束力。可见，禁止这些罪行的某项一般性律法，必已在人类历史极早期就颁布给人；那律法要么是最初铭刻在人心中的道德律，要么是关于婚姻制度的律法——这律法曾向亚当启示，并借着遗传或其他途径为迦南人和其他民族所知。
英語原文
25. therefore I do visit the iniquity thereof upon it; and the land itself vomiteth out her inhabitants--The Canaanites, as enormous and incorrigible sinners, were to be exterminated; and this extermination was manifestly a judicial punishment inflicted by a ruler whose laws had been grossly and perseveringly outraged. But before a law can be disobeyed, it must have been previously in existence; and hence a law, prohibiting all the horrid crimes enumerated above--a law obligatory upon the Canaanites as well as other nations--was already known and in force before the Levitical law of incest was promulgated. Some general Iaw, then, prohibiting these crimes must have been published to mankind at a very early period of the world's history; and that law must either have been the moral law, originally written on the human heart, or a law on the institution of marriage revealed to Adam and known to the Canaanites and others by tradition or otherwise.
29
無題
29. 凡行了这些事的魂必从民中被剪除——这一严厉谴责的用语，毫无区别地适用于本章所指定的一切罪行：乱伦与兽淫同罪，十一种姻亲关系 [Le 18:7-16] 与六种血亲关系 [Le 18:17-20] 一视同仁。死亡是对这一切罪行严厉宣判的刑罚。再没有别的言语能比这更明确、更普遍了；也没有别的言语能更强烈地表明深深的厌恶与憎恶。
英語原文
29. the souls that commit them shall be cut off--This strong denunciatory language is applied to all the crimes specified in the chapter without distinction: to incest as truly as to bestiality, and to the eleven cases of affinity
[Le 18:7-16],
as fully as to the six of consanguinity
[Le 18:17-20].
Death is the punishment sternly denounced against all of them. No language could be more explicit or universal; none could more strongly indicate intense loathing and abhorrence.
30
無題
30. 所以你们要守我的律例，免得你们犯这一切可憎的习俗——神将这些特定的制度赐予以色列人，不过是重新颁布那早已铭刻在人心中的律法；因为一切理由都表明，本章所禁止的乱伦关系和违背本性的罪行，是借着从世界之初、至少从洪水时代以来就明说或默认的律法，向全人类颁布的；既然神以如此严厉的方式警告要定罪和刑罚迦南人及其邻邦的这些恶行，而这些民族并不在希伯来国族的律法约束之下。
英語原文
30. Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinance, that ye commit not any one of these abominable customs--In giving the Israelites these particular institutions, God was only re-delivering the law imprinted on the natural heart of man; for there is every reason to believe that the incestuous alliances and unnatural crimes prohibited in this chapter were forbidden to all men by a law expressed or understood from the beginning of the world, or at least from the era of the flood, since God threatens to condemn and punish, in a manner so sternly severe, these atrocities in the practice of the Canaanites and their neighbors, who were not subject to the laws of the Hebrew nation.
Le 18:1-30.
不合法的婚姻。